Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:19 Issue: 6, 2016

Central obesity - one of the metabolic syndrome components- is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Central obesity is defined based on waist circumference. Using ethnicity-specific waist circumference cut-off values is recommended as a cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal waist circumference cut-off points for predicting cardiovascular risk factors in Qazvin. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1107 residents of Minoodar district of Qazvin that were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in 2011-2012. Anthropometric indices and laboratory tests were measured. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of waist circumference for predicting each cardiovascular risk factor were depicted and areas under curve were calculated. The optimal cut-point was identified by the maximum Youden Index. Sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference cut points according to ATP III and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were calculated for diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. Of 1107، 529 (47. 8%) were male. Mean age was 40. 08±10. 33. The optimal waist circumference cut points for predicting cardiovascular risk factors were 90. 5-93. 5 cm in men and 85. 5-92. 5 cm in women. With regards to the results، it seems that waist circumference cut point of ATP III is almost appropriate for women but is high for men. Waist circumference cut point of IDF is almost appropriate for men but is low for women.

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of gastric diseases in humans that its rapid، simple and low cost diagnosis is important. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of serologic test with histology for Helicobacter Pylori in diabetic patients with dyspepsia. This analytical study was conducted on 183 diabetic patients with dyspepsia referred to Imam Hossain hospital of Shahroud in 2014. All patients underwent endoscopy. Standard biopsy was performed as gold standard which included six gastric and duodenal samples. Simultaneously، blood samples were taken for serologic test. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was examined using Giemsa staining in histological study. Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG was measured using ELISA in serological study. Sensitivity، specificity، and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Of 183، 104 patients (57. 1%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori in serological study and 151 patients (82. 5%) were positive in histological study. The sensitivity، specificity، positive predictive value and negative predictive value of serologic test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori were 64. 2%، 78. 1%، 93. 3%، and 31. 6%، respectively. IgG cut point for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori was set to be 1. 4 (sensitivity: 92. 4% and specificity: 75. 3%). The serologic test can be used as screening test for Helicobacter pylori in diabetic patients with regards to relatively high sensitivity and specificity as well as its simplicity، rapidity، and low price.

With the advent of modern sciences such as nanotechnology، the hope for treatment of infectious diseases has increased. Nanochitosan is one of the most widely used nanomaterials in this field that has been considered due to its characteristics such as biocompatibility، nontoxicity and bactericidal activity. The aim of t his study was to compare the antibacterial properties of chitosan nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This in vitro study was performed at Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology in 2014. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on the ionic gelation. The characteristics of the prepared nanoparticles were determined by DLS and SEM. The antibacterial activities of chitosan nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and T-test. Chitosan nanoparticles were formed with an average size of 160 nm. The MIC and MBC of chitosan nanoparticles were 0. 25 and 1 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and were 0. 5 and 2 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The diameter of zones of inhibition was 19 mm for Escherichia coli and 14 mm for Staphylococcus aureus in 10 mg/ml concentration of chitosan nanoparticles. With regards to the results، it seems that nanochitosan has acceptable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. But Escherichia coli is more sensitive to chitosan nanoparticles than Staphylococcus aureus.

Drug resistance is one of the important threats in uncontrolled infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa، an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen، in burn patients. The presence of OprD porin protein in the bacterial cell wall is one of the mechanisms for resistance against hydrophilic drugs in this bacterium. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic sequence rearrangements of OprD gene in imipenem resistant clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn patients. This cross sectional study was performed in Ghotbeddin Shirazi Hospital from October 2013 to February 2015. A total of 253 wound samples were evaluated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates were evaluated using specific sequencing of the target region. Genetic sequence rearrangements were compared with the sensitivity pattern of the isolates to the imipenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 22% of the samples in Shiraz burn center. More than 90% of the isolates were multi drug resistant while only 25% were sensitive to imipenem. More than 80% of the imipenem resistant isolates had rearrangement in the gene associated with OprD protein. With regards to the results، it seems that Pseudomonas aeruginosa، as a prevalent microorganism in burn wounds، has rearrangement in the gene associated with OprD porin protein. This rearrangement may play a role in drug resistance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in hospitalized patients.

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is an inflammatory condition with unknown etiology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to compare salivary lipid peroxidation in patients with oral lichen planus with healthy subjects. This case-control study was conducted in Zahedan School of Dentistry during 2014-15. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 30 patients with OLP and 30 age and gender-matched healthy controls and were transferred to the laboratory. Salivary lipid peroxidation products were measured using TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) method. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Salivary lipid peroxidation in patients with OLP was significantly higher than healthy controls (1. 57±0. 63 µM vs. 1. 2 ± 0. 77µM). Mean Salivary lipid peroxidation in women with OLP was significantly higher than healthy women (1. 67±0. 67 µM vs. 1. 16±0. 82 µM). With regards to the results، it seems that lipid peroxidation in patients with OLP is higher than healthy subjects.

One of the most common errors in medical and dental imaging procedure is deviation from the standard position. Studies have shown that wrong positioning of the mandible during imaging by medical CT scan، can negatively affect the accuracy of linear measurements. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changes in angle of head on angular measurements obtained from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of dried human skull. This analytical study was conducted in the School of Dentistry in Qazvin، 2011. Gutta percha markers were attached to three human skulls. The actual angles were recorded using the PLANMECA PROMAX VIEWER software. CBCT images were obtained in three positions: standard، 11 and 22 degrees axial deviation. Data were analyzed using T-test، ANOVA and Tukey. There were no significant differences between measurements obtained from CBCT in all three planes and direct measurements. There were no significant differences among the results of measurements in predetermined angles after changing the angle of dried skull in axial plane. There were no significant differences between direct measurements and CBCT measurements in separate analysis of determined angles in maxillae and mandible. With regards to the results، it seems that possible axial changes in head position have no effect on angular measurements in CBCT imaging and CBCT is reliable in angular measurements.

Composite is one of the restorative materials used for the posterior teeth. The strength of restorative material is important due to heavy loading on the posterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength of three dental composites. In this experimental study، ten specimens of each composite، including a nanocomposite Filtek Z350، a hybrid composite Filtek Z250، and a Silorane-based P90 were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions (3M-ESPE USA) and ISO 4049. After light polymerization، the specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 º C. The specimens were subsequently blot dried and their flexural strength was measured using the three-point bending test by an Instron Universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Mauchly`s test. Mean Flexural strength of the Z350 composite and Z250 composite was 0. 084 and 0. 024 MP، respectively and the difference was statistically significant. Flexural strength of the Z350 composite and Z250 composite was not significantly different from the P90 composite (0. 049 MP). With regards to the results، it seems that the Z350 composite is more appropriate for posterior teeth restoration due to its higher flexural strength.

Individuals with metabolic obesity but normal weight (MONW) are frequently undetected because of their normal body mass index (BMI). Therefore، it is important to identify factors associated with MONW. The aim of this study was to determine the association of education and marital status with normal weight metabolic obesity in men. This cross sectional study was conducted in 232 men with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 in Qazvin، Iran from September 2010 to April 2011. MONW was defined as insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with BMI less than 25 kg/m2. IR was determined using the 80th percentile of the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in normal subjects. Education was classified into four categories (1: elementary school or illiterate، 2: secondary or high school، 3: diploma and associate degree، and 4: Bachelor of Science and higher). Data were analyzed using T-test، Mann Whitney U test، logistic regression analysis and analysis of covariance. Of 232، 78 subjects (32. 6%) had MONW. The second to fourth categories of education were associated with 6. 2، 8. 3، and 6. 7-fold increased risk of MONW compared to the first category. Marriage frequency was 97. 5%، 68. 6%، and 41% in the first، third and fourth category، respectively. After adding marital status as covariate، there were no significant differences between the categories in mean HOMA-IR. With regards to the results، MONW was more probable in men with higher level of education and unmarried men.

The maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) can be used to evaluate the cardio-pulmonary condition and to provide physiological balance between a person and his job. The aim of this study was to estimate the maximum aerobic capacity and its associated factors among students of medical emergencies in Qazvin. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 36 male students of medical emergencies in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences، 2015. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and demographic questionnaire were completed by the participants. The participants meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Gerkin treadmill protocol. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis. Mean maximum aerobic capacity was 1. 94 ± 0. 27 L/min. The maximum aerobic capacity was associated with weight and height groups. There was significant positive correlation between maximal aerobic capacity and height، weight and body mass index. The Gerkin treadmill test is useful for estimation of the maximum aerobic capacity and the maximum working ability in students of medical emergencies.

Irritation fibroma is a reactive lesion of the buccal mucosa that often occurs in line with the occlusal plane due to cheek biting. This lesion may also be seen on the palate، gingiva and lips; however، it mostly occurs in the areas exposed to trauma. This paper reports a case of extensive irritation fibroma on maxillary gingiva in a 36 year old male that was related to palatal margin of left premolars. The lesion was excised by biopsy and was diagnosed as irritation fibroma after histological analysis.