Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:20 Issue: 3, 2016

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition among athletes. The evidence emphasizes on the importance of hip musculature strengthening exercises for such patients.
To investigate the effects of strengthening-stretching knee muscles exercises and hip posterolateral musculature exercises in athletes with PFPS.
In this clinical trial, 28 athletes with age average of 22.7±2.4 years with PFPS were allocated into conventional knee muscles exercises (CKME) (n=14) and posterolateral hip muscles exercises (PHME) (n=14). The subjects of both groups performed the supervised exercise protocols in 12 sessions. The Visual Analogue Scale and 6-minute walking tests were administrated respectively to evaluate pain intensity and function. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-wilk test, Independent-sample t test, and Repeated Measure ANOVA test.
Findings: Demographic, pain intensity, and physical function data were similar between groups at baseline. Both groups significantly improved in pain intensity and function following a 4-week exercise program. Additionally, the athletes in PHME group had higher level of decreased pain intensity and improved function in follow-up assessment than the subjects in CKME group.
Using hip posterolateral musculature exercises in addition to the knee conventional exercises is more effective for athletes with PFPS.

Oxidative species produced during exercise can cause damages to some tissues such as kidney, liver and skeletal muscle. It seems that metallothionein plays a protective role against these actions.
To assess the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training versus aerobic exercise on metallothionein levels of myocardial tissue in healthy male rats.
This experimental study was done on 36 male Wistar rats (2 months of age with an average weight of 180±20) in 2015.The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=12), high intensity interval training (n=12), and aerobic training (n=12) groups. The experimental groups exercised according to the training program 5 days a week for 4 weeks. During this period, the control group did not have any training programs. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results indicate no significant difference among the mean metallothionein in control, aerobic exercise and high intensity interval training groups. However, the amount of myocardial metallothionein increased as a result of high intensity interval training and decreased during aerobic exercise.
It seems that the duration and intensity of exercise need to be adjusted in order to obtain better results.

Both nickel titanium and stainless-steel spreaders are available. The obvious advantage of nickel titanium spreader over stainless steel spreaders is greater penetration in curved canals.
To compare the radiographic density and compaction index of root canal obturation using nickel-titanium or stainless-steel spreaders in curved canals.
In this experimental study the primary weight of 30 acrylic blocks with 45o degrees of apical curvature were measured by a scale (W1). After canals were prepared by step back master apical up to file #30 all blocks were weighed again (W2) and randomly divided in two groups of 15each. All canals were obturated by Cold lateral compaction technique (with nickel-titanium in one group and stainless-steel finger spreaders in another group).
After all blocks were reweighed (W3), compaction index (W3-W2/W1-W2) was calculated. One radiograph was taken for each sample. Apical density of the apical third of each canal was measured by digital transmission densitometer. Data were analyzed statistically using T-test.
Findings: Mean compaction index for nickel-titanium group was 7.67±2.38 and for stainless-steel group was 9.14±4.06. There was no significant difference between two groups. Mean radiographic density of obturation was 2.05±0.14 in nickel-titanium group and was 2.07±0.21 in stainless-steel group. There was no significant difference between two groups.
It is concluded that nickel-titanium spreaders are not superior than stainless-steel spreaders in obturating curved canal.

Petroleum hydrocarbons are the most important pollutantswhich threat human health and aquatics. Adsorbents are one of the common equipment in water pollution management; however, their applications have been associated with limitations.
To evaluate the potential of polypropylene/titanium dioxide Nano-composite in adsorption of light petroleum hydrocarbons from water sources.
This experimental study was conducted at school of health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014-15. Activation of polypropylene fibers, with 1 cm length and 300 microns diameters, was achieved with wet heating. To Synthesize of Nano-composite the fibers were coated with Nano-titanium dioxide with 20 nm diameter. The sonication was performed at 26 kHz and 100 W of power in 40ºc. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of impact specimens was examined by FESEM. The adsorption rate of petrol and gasoline, as surrogate of TPH, was evaluated in different retention time within polyamide mesh aperture diameter of 250 nm. Average of TPH adsorbing, per unit weight of adsorbent, were analyzed with analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc tests.
Findings: The FESEM micrographs showed that the dispersion of the nano-Tio2 particles was relatively good and only few aggregations exist. The maximum adsorption capacity of petrol and gasoline was obtained in 30 minute. The adsorption rate of gasoline was 6.49±0.10 g/g and oil was 7.01±0.13 g/g.
According to the results and in comparison with commercial imported adsorbents, the synthesized Nano-composite had favorable performance. The results show that the polypropylene/Tio2 Nano-composite can be used effectively in light petroleum hydrocarbons removal from polluted water sources.

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is considered one of the most important biological risk factors in the world. Most health damages from solar ultraviolet radiation at ground level are mainly caused by UVA and UVB spectrums.
The aim of this study was to Measure the solar ultraviolet radiation intensity type A and B in Qazvin city.
In this cross-sectional study, the intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation type A and B was measured in Qazvin on years of 2013-14 (during one year) every monthly at three times, in the morning, afternoon and evening by using a UV Radiometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: The maximum average intensity of UVA and UVB rays during the one year with 28.36±1.88 W/m2 and 0.156±0.035 W/m2 respectively was in Tir month (June 22–July 22) and the minimum average intensity of UVA and UVB rays with 10.36±0.83 W/m2 and 0.041±0.010 W/m2 respectively was in Dai month (December 22–January 20).
With regards to the results, it is recommended that individuals were less exposed to exposure time with direct sunshine and use appropriate protective measures such as; wear appropriate clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen.

HIV/AIDS, as a chronic disease, deeply affects the patients’ quality of life (QOL).
To determine the association between QOL and social support among women suffering from HIV/AIDS.
This analytical study was conducted on 60 HIV/AIDS women, under the coverage of behavioral diseases counseling center that were selected through census sampling in Isfahan, 2014. Data were collected with SF-36 and social support was investigated by family and friends scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis.
Findings: Mean scores of subjects’ physical and psychosocial dimensions and overall QOL were 60.62±22.76, 56.58±21.47, 58.95±20.4 out of 100 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a positive and significant association between social support and QOL.
With regards to the results, there was a positive relationship between social support of friends and family scale with QOL in HIV/AIDS.

Work-family conflicts described as incompatibility between work and family roles. There is mutual relationship between marital satisfaction and job so that the tension in one of two areas of career and family are affected.
To examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and work-family conflict among nurses and midwives.
All of 289 employees of married nursing and midwifery of Zabol University of Medical Sciences hospitals participated in the study in 2014. The data were collected with questionnaires of Enrich marital satisfaction and Carlson work-family conflict and were analyzed with statistical tests including Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis.
Findings: Marital satisfaction score of the staff was 168.52 which indicates the relative satisfaction of spouses from each other. The mean score of work-family conflict among employees was 3.26; it can be said that employees in terms of work-family conflict, the conflict a moderate experience. There is a significant negative correlation among marital satisfaction and work-family conflict of employees. In fact, marital satisfaction decreases when the conflict between work and family is decreased. Nursing staffs have a higher marital satisfaction and in terms of work-family conflict they experience less conflict.
According to the findings, the managers should create conditions that minimize the role conflicts and consequently increase the level of marital satisfaction.

Performance assessment could provide information to control and monitor of the current status and activities in hospitals.
To assess the performance of hospitals affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2012.
This cross-sectional study covered all the 22 public hospitals in the Guilan province, with 3760 registered beds. Using standard data-gathering form, verified by the Iranian Ministry of Health, performance indicators of 22 hospitals were recorded from the Statistical Services Center at Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Bed Occupancy Rate, Average Length of Stay and Bed Turnover Ratio were calculated and Pabon Lasso chart was drawn using SPSS statistics 17.0.
Findings: On average, the Bed Turnover Ratio (time/year), Bed Occupancy Rate (%) and Average Length of Stay (day) were 78 times per year, 60% and 3.70 days, respectively. Based on the Pabon Lasso chart, 27 percentage hospitals were located in zone 1, 23 percentage hospitals in zone 2, 36 percentage hospitals in zone 3 and 14 percentage hospitals in zone 4.
The performance of the hospitals was in a moderate level.

Prostate cancer is one of the major health problems and the second cause of cancer mortality in men over 40 years age in developed countries. Due to the incomplete screening methods for sensivity and spesificity detection prostate cancer, alternative methods with more specificity than are desired. With recent advances in molecular technology, numerous biomarkers have been suggested for the screening of prostate cancer with greater accuracy. MicroRNAs are oligonucleotides with 18-24 length that have key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression as well as other cellular process (apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis). Many studies have demonstrated changing of the expression levels of microRNAs in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, they can be implemented for the development of prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Owing to microRNAs can target molecular signaling pathways and genes involved in prostate cancer, they may also be applicable for therapeutic purposes. In this review article, we explain the roles of microRNAs in different cancer pathways and specifically the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.