Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:20 Issue: 5, 2016

Retrograde of menstrual blood into the peritoneal cavity is one of the accepted theories for initiation of endometriosis although indicated that other factors are involved in pathogenesis. Investigation of infectious agents is important in this regard.
To investigate the presence of bacterial infections; Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma Hominis as risk factors in endometriosis lesions.
This case-control study was conducted in Sarem Hospital in 2014. DNA was extracted from 90 paraffin-embedded blocks included 40 endometriosis tissue samples, 23 samples of endometrial tissue from the same patients and 27 samples of endometrial tissue of the patients without endometriosis, and molecular analysis were performed using polymerase chain reaction. Results were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test and McNemar Test.
Findings: Chlamydia trachomatis infection was seen in 11 (27.5%) endometriosis tissue, 3 (13%) normal tissue from patients and 10 (37%) in patient without endometriosis. Mycoplasma hominis was diagnosed in 11 (27.5%) endometriosis tissue, 7 (30.4%) of normal tissue from patients and one patient without endometriosis (3.7%). These differences show significant relations between infection with Mycoplasma hominis and endometriosis.
The findings of this study did not show significant association between Chlamydia trachomatis infections and endometriosis. However; it seems Mycoplasma hominis infection can increase the risk of endometriosis incidence.

Diarrhea is one of the most important causes of children mortality in developing countries. Gastroenteritis causes mortality in children younger than five years old annually. The presence of antibiotics resistance species among these bacteria are major health problems.
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and MIC50%, MIC90% of Yersinia to three beta-lactam antibiotics.
This experimental study was determined sensitivity of different species of Yersinia to three beta-lactam antibiotics (Ampicillin-Cefazolin-Cefotaxime). In total 50 species (39 from different human sources, environments, foods and 11 from Pasteur institutions in Paris) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out by serial dilution method.
Findings: Among three tested antibiotics, the lowest MIC 50%, MIC 90% were obtained for Cefotaxime (≥0.125μg/ml and 0.5μg/ml). All the tested species showed resistance to Ampicillin and very low sensitivity toward Cefazolin.
The results showed that Cefotaxime was more effective against Yersinia species in compared to Ampicillin and Cefazolin.

Despite all the progress that has been made in the manufacture of synthetic drugs, herbal drugs are increasingly taken into account. This is due to the growing belief that they have fewer side effects compared to synthetic ones.
To compare the antifungal effects of extracts of Zatariamultiflora and Punicagranatum with Nystatin on Candida Albicans.
This inviro trial accomplished in the school of dentistry of Tehran University in 2012. From the mouths of 25 patients with denture stomatitis were sampled using sterile swabs. Candida Albicans strains were isolated from samples and standard Candida Albicans PTCC 5027 were cultured too. Then extract of Zatariamultiflora and Punicagranatum to be obtained and antifungal of extract studied with disk diffusion method. Antifungal power of each of the extracts on the inhibition zone diameter was created in the medium. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Friedman statistical tests.
Findings: Results showed extracts of Zataria and pomegranate flowers have antifungal significant effects (P With due attention of Zataria and pomegranate flowers extracts exhibited antifungal effects on Candida Albincans.

Maintaining endotracheal tube cuff pressure in the normal range of 25-30 cmH2o plays an important role in the prevention of related complications.
The present study aimed to determine the effect of body change position on level of endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation admitted in ICUs.
This quasi-experimental study was implemented on 30 patients with head injury under mechanical ventilation who admitted in ICUs in 2014. Available method was used for sampling. The mean of endotracheal cuff pressure was measured in 6 different body positions in the two-hour intervals using standard manometer, immediately before, immediately after, 15 minutes and 2 hours after the change positions. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, t and Bonferroni tests.
Findings: The mean of endotracheal cuff pressure in the left and right lateral position with an angle of 30 degrees and head to the body (Respectively 31.5±0.68 and 34.1±0.68 cmH2o) and also the left and right lateral and a 45-degree angle to the body at the end of the period of 15 minutes and 2 hours after change positions was higher than the normal range (Respectively 31.9±0.92 and 30.4±1.5 cmH2o). In all cases, the mean of pressure differences were statistically significant (p According to the unnatural changes in endotracheal tube cuff pressure due to body change positions, it is suggested that after changing position of the patient, measure the cuff pressure and correct it if it’s necessary.

Based on new evidence, exercise with type and intensity consideration may impact on pain relief and good cardiovascular responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
To investigate the effect of resistance (RE) and aerobic exercise (AE) on the threshold, pain perception and cardiovascular responses in women with MS.
In this semi-experimental study, Ten female patients with MS selected from MS society of Rasht who had necessary criteria and average systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 112.90 and diastolic blood pressure of 74.50 (mmHg) participated as a purposeful and available sample in 2014. Resistance exercise included 2 sets of 10 repetitions for 5 exercises as circuit and aerobic exercise consisted of cycle ergometry with intensity of 50-60% HRmax. Pain threshold, perception and blood pressure were measured with Algometer, pain scale and sphygmomanometer ALPK2 respectively. The ANOVA repeated measures and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
Findings: SBP had a normal process, but it was non-significant after exercises. Heart rate increased (P Based on the findings, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise with moderate intensity probably can lead to decrease pain threshold, blood pressure and heart rate to 15 minutes after the exercise in female patients with MS.

One of the main challenges in methadone maintenance treatment is relapse and lack of sustainability on treatment. Therefore, considering the effective factors in this regard and reducing it through psychological interventions as an adjunct to medication is necessary.
The current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skill training based on cognitive-behavioral model on communication patterns and recurrent relapse in drug dependent couples.
This study was a quasi-experimental intervention with pretest-posttest and control group in 2013 which carried on 40 couple referred to public addiction treatment center of Qazvin city. These people had troubled communication patterns and were selected using convenience sampling and were divided into two groups of intervention and control, randomly. Two groups were assessed by relapse prediction scale (RPS) and structured clinical interview for DSM (SCID-I) for men and communication pattern questionnaire (CPQ) for couples in pre and post-test. Intervention group received 9 two hours sessions of communication skill training based on cognitive-behavioral model. Data were analyzed using Levin and Box tests and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings: The difference between the intervention and control groups in the constructive communication pattern with 51% (p According to the findings it seems group training of communication skill based on cognitive-behavioral model can improve the communication patterns in drug-dependent couples, as well as prevents relapse in men.

Despite the cost and millions loss of life due to industrial accidents, often are preventable through risk assessment methods and control measures.
To assess the safety of gas storage tanks in Kermanshah oil refinery by Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA).
This case-descriptive study was conducted in gas storage tanks of Kermanshah oil refinery. Energy checklist was used for identification of energy types. Energy flows were tracked and then, management and administrative procedures, and personal protective equipment were considered as safeguard. Exposed and vulnerable targets are also specified. Preliminary levels of risks were determined by combination of severity and likelihood. After suggestion of corrective action for unacceptable risks, risk assessment took place again. Identified risks were expressed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage.
Findings: Overall, 74 risks and 121 dangerous energies were identified. Of these, 25 risks were unacceptable, 46 were low risk, and 3 were acceptable risk with revised. Frequency of risks related to electric power was 20, and followed by risk of displacement- pressure-volume, potential and chemical energies, with frequencies of 13, 12 and 9, respectively.
Given the environmental and protection conditions of the tanks, in addition, the high percentage of some of the damaging risks in this industry, use of appropriate control measures to prevention the event of future disasters will be inevitable.

In order to prevent water pollution, protect public health, and reuse of the treated wastewater; controlling on quality of the wastewater treatment plant effluent has been considered a necessary.
To compare the quality of wastewater treatment plant effluent in Lia industrial zone with Iranian environmental protection standards.
This cross-sectional study was performed in one of the industrial zones in Qazvin (Lia). Samples were collected from wastewater treatment plant from May to September 2015 and analyzed in the laboratory. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters were determined twice per week when the pH values were daily measured by pH meter. Sampling was carried out weekly to determine other important operational parameters including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC). Sampling and experiments were done according to the latest standard methods. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software (T-Test a single group).
Findings: The average of BOD, COD, TSS, FC, TC in effluent were achieved to 73.3±13.2, 156.2±42, and 76.43±50.8 mg/L 1.1×103,1.1×103 MPN/100 ml respectively. The total average of removal efficiencies for BOD, COD and TSS were calculated 92.41%, 92.75%, and 87.46%, respectively.
The results obtained that the wastewater treatment plant systems can be used as an efficient system for reduction of common pollutants by providing the Iranian standards for irrigating when the most important such as BOD, COD, TSS and PH are considered. The quality of the treated wastewater was found to be within the permissible Iranian standards for irrigating. However, it is important to keep in mind that reduce microbial contamination within standards is needed to be considered.

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever is a potentially fatal disease that is reported from Asia, Africa and Europe. In May, 2016 a 42 year-old female is admitted to Buali-Sina hospital with epistaxis and within a few hours got loss of consciousness and shock. The patient was put on supportive care and oral Ribavirin. From the sixth admission day, the general condition of the patient improved and on the eleventh day she was discharged without an important sequela. Consequently, it is necessary to consider this disease in the differential diagnosis of all patients presented with fever and acute bleeding diathesis.

Nosocomial pneumonia is the most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units (ICU). The aim of this research was to detect the frequency and predisposing factors of nosocomial Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, by cross sectional study on 188 patients that were hospitalized in ICU Qazvin Razi Hospital. Using questionnaire based on the national nosocomial infection surveillance system (NNIS) data collected and analyzed. The average age of patients was 51±24 years old, 37 hospitalized patients (19/6%) in the fourth day of admission were affected Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. The most common pathogenesis of causing nosocomial pneumonia were klebsiella in 13 patients (35/1%), staph in 8 patients (21/6%), sodomona in 8 patients (21/6%), ecoli in 3 patients (8/1%), cetrobacter in 2 patients (5/4%), antrococus and Proteus each of them in 1 patient (each 2/7%). Considering (19/6%) frequency of nosocomial pneumonia in this study, it’s necessary to act standard protocols in nursing care and medication process.