فصلنامه یافته
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1395)

Speech errors are a branch of psycholinguistic science. Speech error or slip of tongue is a natural process that happens to everyone. The importance of this research is because of sensitivity and importance of nursing in which the speech errors may be interfere in the treatment of patients, but unfortunately no research has been done yet in this field.This research has been done to study the factors (personality, stress, fatigue and insomnia) which cause speech errors happen to nurses of Ilam province.
The sample of this correlation-descriptive research consists of 50 nurses working in Mustafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam province who were selected randomly. Our data were collected using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, and were analyzed using SPSS version 20, descriptive, inferential and multivariate linear regression or two-variable statistical methods (with significant level: p≤0. 05.)
30 (60%) of nurses participating in the study were female and 19 (38%) were male. In this study, all three factors (type of personality, stress and fatigue) have significant effects on nurse's speech errors
30 (60%) of nurses participating in the study were female and 19 (38%) were male. In this study, all three factors (type of personality, stress and fatigue) have significant effects on nurse's speech errors.

Chronic kidney disease is an important health issue that its prevalence is increasing both in the worldwide and in our country.
In the end stage renal disease (ESRD)¡ lifelong renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis (the most frequent)¡ peritoneal hemodialysis or kidney transplantation is required. Hemodialysis is the most frequent. Hemodialysis adequacy and nutritional status are associated with mortality rates of these patients.
A descriptive epidemiologic study in which chronic renal failure patients with at least three months of hemodialysis history at Shohada hospital were recorded. Blood and urine samples were drawn and delivered to the specified laboratory and examined by the same person. Hemodialysis adequacy and protein catabolism rate were calculated. Data were analyzed with a significant level of 0.05 by SPSS version 16 statistical software.
Fifty-two patients (65.8 percent) out of 79 patients were male and 27(34.2%) were female. The mean age of patients was nearly 62 years. Further¡ the mean of hemodialysis adequacy and protein catabolism of patients were 1.2 and 1.83¡ respectively. Hemodialysis adequacy was associated with sex¡ age¡ BMI¡ and diabetes. Hemodialysis adequacy in non-diabetics was better (higher) than diabetics. Seventy patients (88.6 percent) had protein catabolism rate of 1.2 or more.
Hemodialysis adequacy in women is better than in men¡ possibly related to their body size. Hemodialysis adequacy of older or fat patients was less than younger or low-weight ones¡ s probably because of declining muscle mass and a resultant decrease in creatinine. Protein catabolism rate was at an acceptable range in most patients. It is recommended to extend the duration of each session of hemodialysis¡ hemodialysis days at week¡ and the prevention and elimination of re-circulation in order to increase hemodialysis adequacy.

free radicals produced as a result of heavy training exercise especially oxygen species (ROS) damage to body tissues Which can be prevent from this by consuming antioxidant substances timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) peel hydro alcoholic on reduced of oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive exercise.
Thirty two weight-matched male Wistar rats were evenly divided into: 1) control: received saline (0.2 ml saline/ rat) by oral administration via epigastric tube. 2) Received oral administration of 200 mg/kg pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract (PPHE200). 3) Received oral administration of 250 mg/kg Pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract (PPHE250). 4) Received oral administration of vitamin E (vit E) 5 mg/kg. Animals were submitted to swimming exhaustive exercise stress for an 8-week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for serum. Serum samples were analyzed for paraoxonase-1(PON-1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and nitric oxide levels.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities serum were significantly increases in PPHE200 (23.03±1.47), PPHE250 (23.59±1.98) and vit E (25.38±2.65) than in the control (18.57±1.380) (p Results indicated that Pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract supplementations can strength antioxidant defense system and anti-inflammatory induced by exhaustive exercise.

The aim of present study was to investigate executive functions included of working memory, organization-planning and reasoning in the children with and without specific learning disability with the characteristic reading and writing.
The design of this research was Ex-Post Facto design. Statistical population was all male students of third grade primary schools in Tehran which were referred to education institution with diagnosis special learning disorders in educational centers. The sample included of 90 students chosen and assigned into 3 groups of 30 students, included of: children who had specific learning disability with characteristic reading, children who had specific learning disability with characteristic writing, normal children were selected by systematic randomized sampling and 3 groups were compared. The data instruments were: Wechsler’ subtests of similarities and digit differences, Andre Ray test, in formal (unofficial) reading and dictation test. The obtained data were analyzed with ANOVA.
The results showed that there was difference between the group of normal children and other group in executive functions including working memory, organization-planning and reasoning (P Regarding to obtained results, it is recommended to adoption some ways for improvements of working memory, organization-planning and reasoning

Allergic rhinitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways, has a major effect on the life quality of patients. The inflammatory response in the nasal mucosa includes an immediate IgE-mediated response by mast cell, so that the late phase of response is characterized by recruitment of eosinophilsand basophils. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family and originally is described as an IFN-γ –inducing factor (IGIF), also it is known for influencing the balance of Th1/Th2 immune response. The aim of this study to investigated that whether immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels in serum are associated with allergic rhinitis.
Genotyping for -137G/C SNPs of IL18 promoter was performed using 130 patients with AR and 62 healthy control volunteers then serum levels of total IgE were determined by ELISA method. Statistical analyses were carried out by use of SPSS version 19.
The results showed that no significant relationship between genotypes -137G / C polymorphism and serum IgE levels between patients and controls in allergic rhinitis (P> 0.05).
According to the results of this study, it seems that the IL18 gene polymorphism -137G/C is not associated with IgE levels and susceptibility of allergic rhinitis

Maternal diabetes can induce a number of developmental abnormalities including deformities of the face and palate and these teratogenic effects decrease by application of antioxidant drugs. In this study, the prophylactic effect of quercetin on fetal teratogenesis incidence from diabetes was evaluated.
In this experimental study, 24 female Wistar rats were used into four groups. After intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and confirm of diabetes in 2 groups of rats, all rats were mated. One group of diabetic and non-diabetic rats received quercetin (75 mg/kg/ orally) in 0,7,14 and 20 days of gestation while two control groups received normal saline. Fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation and after determination of weight and length were stained by Alizarin red - Alcian blue method and skeletal abnormalities was evaluated by stereomicroscope.
Cleft palate, wavy rib and rib adhesion incidence were 38.09%, 4.86% and 14.28% range in control diabetic group but their incidence were respectively decreased 16.12%, 0% and 0% by quercetin. Also, quercetin decreased skeletal anomalies incidence including sternum, and ribs.
Quercetin as one antioxidant can decrease teratogenicity induced by diabetes mellitus.

Considering the issue of sleep quality in medical students as a stratum of society who are concerned with human health and its relationship with other psychological variables (in particular academic achievement and headaches) seems essential. So, the present study was done to evaluate the relationship between Sleep Quality and academic achievement with migraine headaches.
The present study was descriptive _ correlation. The population in this study includes all the students in Alborz Medical Sciences University in the academic year of 2014. 256 students (156 females and 100 males) who were selected according to research entrance criteria by stratified sampling method; and they answered to the Sleep of Quality Test and Examine Migraine Headaches Symptom Questionnaires. Also, the mean of first term scores were considered as an index of the academic achievement. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software.
The results showed that there were statistically significant correlation between migraine headaches with academic achievement, Sleep of Quality and substandard mental sleep quality, delay into going to sleep, sleep disorders, taking hypnotic pills, and daily function disorder; and sleep disorders, daily function disorder, academic achievement and taking hypnotic pills could predict and explain 25/6 changes associated to migraine headaches.
Those students with inappropriate Sleep of Quality; they experienced more migraine headaches and failure in academic achievements.

The increasing number of patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis in Poldokhtar County during the last 10 years and technological advances in data generation has increased the necessity to produce the predicting models of disease prevalence in the region. Therefore, climatic variables were used in this study to predict the cutaneous leishmaniasis.
In this study using regression model, the relationship between number of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and climatic signals were taken simultaneously and with one, two, three and four months of regression lag.
Totally there was a significant relationship between January patients with January NINO1 climatic signal, March patients with February PNA climatic signal, April patients with March AAMM climatic signal, May patients with April AO climatic signal, and August patients with June TSA climatic signal, at 5% significance level. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between February patients with January NINO1 climatic signal, at 10% significance level.
This investigation showed that use of climatic signals with lags for predicting the disease was better than simultaneous application of signals and disease. Correlation between statistics relating to diseases during the entire period and PDO signal with 2 months of lag was obtained as 84.53. In addition, results indicated that approximately during half of the months in a year, there was a good correlation between prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the climatic signals and thus enabling us to discover prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis using the climatic signals.

Probiotics are defined as different microorganisms that may have positive effects on preventing or treatment of special pathologic conditions. Lactobacillus casei and L. paracasei as probiotics could induce the apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. Chronic myeloid leukemia is categorized as a blood cells cancer and the most common type of leukemia. The expression of mutant p53 protein increases resistance against apoptosis in cancer lines. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L. casei and L. paracasei cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions on the expression of mutant p53 protein in K562 cancer line by ELISA.
First, L. casei and L. paracasei was cultured and disrupted by sonication and finally cell wall separated from cytoplasmic extraction by centrifugation, then prepared different concentrations of cell wall and cytoplasmic fraction. Finally, p53 protein levels were measured by ELISA, in cells treated with the cell wall and cytoplasmic fraction.
ELISA result showed that cell wall and cytoplasmic fraction statistically (P˂0.05) reduced the levels of mutant p53 protein compared to the control.
It’s concluded that there is a relationship between reduced expression of p53 protein and induction of apoptosis in cells with mutant p53 gene. It could provide a way for cancer treatment in a smart manner.

Impairment of wound healing in chronic diseases is a therapeutic challenge. In terms of anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of apricot gum tree this extract used on skin wound healing in rats.
28 Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: group I, normal without surgery, group II, control group without treatment, group III, a wound treatment with Vaseline, and group I˅, wound care therapy apricot tree resin extract. In the treated and placebo groups after anesthesia applied induction circular wound area of 280 square millimeters behind rats, but treated groups continued treatment for 21 days. Daily treatment was done with hydro-alcoholic extract of apricot tree gum. Wound size is measured every day by analyzing digital images for 21 days and then rats killed and samples were fixed in formalin. Slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue sections were studied qualitatively and quantitatively, to check regeneration of cells, the collagen fibers, angiogenesis, and distribution of inflammatory cells. Normal data analyzed using Tukey test and data with non-normal distribution were compared between groups by Mann-Whitney test.
Use of apricot tree resin, reduces the blood vessels from the second week onwards, reduction of inflammatory cells and increased collagen fibers and tissue epithelialization.
Apricot tree resin extract can promote wound healing faster made substantial improvements.

physical activities play an important role in increasing heart and blood vessels performance. The aim in this is determining the influence of 10 weeks aerobic exercise and 6 weeks non exercise on relaxation blood pressure of healthy non athletic girl students.
In this semi experimental study 27 non athletic female students with 22/30± 1/70 were selected voluntary and attended the 10 weeks program, three sessions with 55 to 80% extra systole.
After 10 weeks aerobic exercise, volunteers spent 6 weeks without exercise. Before starting the aerobic term, after non exercise term, after exercise term and also after non exercise term, relaxation blood pressure of the volunteers were measured by mercury Richter pizometer.
The results showed that there is a meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in pre and post test and also in post test 1 and 2, but there is not any meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in these tests.
10 week aerobic and immediately 6 week without exercise can be effective in relaxation blood pressure.