مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

Curcumin, a natural phenolic yellow chemical derived from turmeric, has been found to exert some protective effects in animal and cellular models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to examine whether curcumin prevents the effect of 6-OHDA in human neuroblastoma cells and MAPKs signaling. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 6-OHDA (50 µM) for 24 h. The effect of curcumin (2 and 2.5 µM) on cellular viability (MTT assay) and MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) (wester blot assay) was evaluated. 6-OHDA caused significant reduction of neuronal viability and p-ERK decrement. The results indicate that curcumin can partially protected against 6-OHDA induced cell death and p-ERK decline. These finding suggest that ERK restoration is related to the protective effect of curcumin against 6-OHDA in human neuroblastoma cells.

Metastasis is known to be the primary cause of death in the majority of breast cancer patients. The transcription factor of snail and the signaling pathway of CXCR4/SDF1are one of the most important factors in the process of metastasis. Thus, targeting EMT and CXCR4/SDF1 pathway represents an important therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating breast cancer metastasis. Natural products due to their therapeutic activities constitute a common alternative for conventional treatments. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, exhibits anticancer properties. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of SFN on cell migration in breast cancer cells and also the expression of CXCR4 and snail which are important in EMT induction and metastasis. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of SFN. The effect of SFN on cell migration was evaluated using scratch assay, after 72 hours. Next, the effect of SFN on the expression of CXCR4 and snail were examined by real-time PCR. SFN significantly retarded the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. High concentrations of SFN (40µM), reduced the expression of CXCR4; however, There was no significant changes in the expression of snail in none of studied concentrations. According to the obtained results, SFN can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent to decrease breast cancer metastasis.

Coronary Artery disease is one of the major reasons of death and disability. The Aim of this study is to determine the Effectiveness of green tea on biochemical and inflammatory and antioxidant parameters in patients with coronary artery disease. This clinical trial study was done in Rafsanjan city, the south east of Iran, from October 2016 to March 2017. Seventy two patients with coronary artery disease were enrolled in two case and control groups. The case group was received 4 green tea bags daily during 8 weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical and antioxidant evaluation and blood pressure measurement in two groups before and after the intervention were done. Antioxidants intake and diet change during intervention were evaluated. Mean and standard deviation of age and weight of patients in case group was 60.78±11.78 years and 73.03± 11.62 kg and in control group was 62.6±10.8 years and 74.03±12.2 kg. Both groups were adjusted in terms of age, BMI, gender and there was no significant difference in educational level, history of heart disease, addiction, smoking, and dietary antioxidants intake. Green tea intake caused a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, Waist circumference, triglyceride, MDA, IL6, fasting blood sugar, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05). The mean of HDL and TAC were significantly increased after intervention (P<0.05). Green tea consumption in patient with CAD disease for 8 weeks had beneficial effects on weight loss, BMI and waist circumference. It improved lipid profile, antioxidant parameters and decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients.

The early diagnosis of colorectal tumors is one of the most important challenges in cancer management. MiRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional expression of target genes. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been reported in associated with a variety of malignancies, including colorectal cancers. This study aimed to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs in plasma samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to examine their potential value as diagnostic biomarkers. In this case- control study, 74 plasma samples of CRC patients with stage II-IV and 36 healthy controls were collected. miR-18a, miR-34a, miR-181b and miR-146b were selected. The expression level of the miRNAs was assayed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, statistical analyzes were performed to determine the relationship between miRNAs expression and clinical-pathological characteristics. The significantly elevated levels of miR-18a and miR-34a were detected in plasma samples compared to the healthy groups (P<0.001). ROC showed an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.85 and P<0.001 for miR-18a, 0.74 and P<0.001 for miR-34a. There were no significant dysregulation of miR-146b and miR-181b between patients and controls (P>0.05). Our results indicated that the expression levels of miR-18a and miR-34a are systematically elevated in CRC plasma samples. It might be helpful to illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC carcinogenesis and served as tumor-associated biomarkers for diagnosis.

The mammalian Ste20-like kinase (MST) is involved in the activation of the ubiquitin pathway ligase atrogin1 in denervation atrophy. The aim of the present study was the study of changes in MST1 mRNA and Atrogin1 mRNA gene expression in the muscles of male Wistar rats with mechanical unloading of hind limb muscles. In the present study 10 Wistar rats (4-6 month) divided into 2 groups randomly (control (N=5) and unloading of the hind limb (N=5) groups). The practical group unloaded of hind limb for 14 days and the control group spent the normal life during this period. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed and their muscles and Plantaris were collected and after weighing the muscle, they were kept in liquid nitrogen. The results of this study showed that after 14 days of lower limb suspension, the relative weight of both soleus and plantar muscles decreased but this reduction was not significant in Plantaris skeletal muscle. In addition, the expression of genes MST1 mRNA (P=0.021) significantly increased and also atrogen-1 mRNA (P=0.056) in soleus muscle increased. Also, MST1 mRNA (P=0.071) and atrogen-1 mRNA (P=0.33) in Plantaris muscle increased insignificantly. Comparison of the genes expression in two skeletal muscles showed that the expression of MST1 mRNA in soleus more than Plantaris, on the other hand, expression of atrogen-1 mRNA in Plantaris increased more than soleus muscle. According to the results of this study, it can be claimed that MST1 can be one of the main targets of controlling atrophy in conditions mechanical unloading, such as hospitalization and space travel. However, the lower targets of MST1 can be different in two muscles.

Clinical use of Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely useful drug for the treatment of various cancers, is limited by the cardiotoxicity. Despite the growing attention to the protective role of exercise activity, especially moderate endurance exercises against the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, few studies have focused on aerobic high-interval interval training (AIT) and its mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AIT against the DOX-induced changes in the PGC-1α mRNA levels in the cardiomyocytes of rats. 24 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6/groups): 1) Control; 2) DOX (20 mg/kg body weight)/; 3) AIT (7 sets of 4 min intervals at 80%–90% VO2max interspersed with 3 min periods of 65%–75% VO2max, for 8 weeks before DOX-injection); and 4) AIT + DOX. The mRNA levels also were determined using RT-PCR. For statistical analysis of data, One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (α<0.05). DOX-treatment significantly decreased the expression of PGC-1α in the DOX group compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). Also, the expression of PGC-1α significantly increased in the AIT group compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). AIT before DOX-induction also significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α in the AIT+DOX group compared to the DOX group (P < 0.05). AIT could inhibit the DOX-induced changes in the PGC-1α mRNA levels in the cardiomyocytes of rats. AIT could be a good non-prescriptive strategy for preventing of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Introduction and Purpose: One of the causes of Cardiovascular Disease Is Physical inactivity and consuming oxidant foods. Therefore, the purpose of present study is evaluating the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise with the using melatonin on VEGFA and VEGFA2 gene expression of rats after reperfusion ischemia. 38 Wistar male rats aged between 2 to 3 month and weighing from 200 to 260 grams, were divided into seven groups including, pilot(n=14), control (n=4), Melatonin(n=4), Aerobic Exercise(n=4), anaerobic Exercise(n=4), melatonin Aerobic Exercise(n=4) and melatonin anaerobic Exercise(n=4). The pilot group was divided into two groups of ischemia and healthy for confirmation of myocardial fibrosis. Melatonin groups were gavaged by 10 mg per kg of body weight for one month. and then Aerobic Exercise group, anaerobic Exercise, melatonin Aerobic Exercise, and melatonin anaerobic Exercise Were placed under the one-month training period such that the exercise was three times a week on the treadmill. At the end of one month, all rats were injected with isoprenaline for two consecutive days with an interval of 24 hours for induction of ischemia. Finally, the VEGFA and VEGFA2 gene expression was done using Real-time method. Results of the research were analyzed using 2^(-∆∆ct)formula, and one way variance Analysis test of ANOVA, Loon and Tuky. Findings: Aerobic Exercise and Anaerobic Exercise treatment separately, had an increasing effect on VEGFA and VEGFR2 gene expression, separatelybut their impact was not statistically significant. Other groups, except melatonin, also increased the expression of these genes. Melatonin could reduce the expression of the VEGFA and VEGFR2 gene. Long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercise, if fitted, can reduce the amount of myocardial infarction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise Modalities on Lipid profile, Metabolic syndrome score, lipid accumulation product,Visceral Fat Indexin women with type 2 diabetes. 52 women with type 2 diabetes (aged 45-60 years old, HbA1c≥6.5%) were randomly divided into three groups:SIT (n =17) and combination (n =17) and control (n = 18). exercises were performed for 10 weeks. Lipid profile, metabolic syndrome score, VAI, and LAP were measured before and 10 weeks after exercise. T-test was used for intra-group comparisons and one-way ANOVA was used for between-group comparison. Only levels of LDL (P=0.02) and cholesterol (P<0.001) were significantly lower in SIT group. There was no between groups significant difference in HDL and LDL and triglyceride (P> 0.05); there was a significant decrease in the cholesterol level in both groups (P=0.001). The scores of metabolic syndrome were significantly decreased in the SIT group (P<0.001), In the between groups outcomes, there was a significant change in (SIT and combination) and SIT and control (P<0.001). Significant changes were observed in the LAP (P=0.001) and VAI (P<0.001) in the SIT group and the combination group (P<0.001) and (P=0.002), The largest inter-group changes in SIT was observed for both indicators. Both exercises have had a positive effect on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, so for better results, longer duration exercises and more intensity are recommended.