فصلنامه متن پژوهی ادبی
پیاپی 64 (تابستان 1394)

The purpose of this article، is introducing a new approach in critical studies of the text that it is useful in the field of fairy tales، folk stories، many legends and mythic stories. Psychological approach to myth is using modern theories of psychology in these narratives for explaining the psychological origins of the authors. According to the new psychologists، dreams and stories are also related with the human subconscious like a myth and appear the contents of the unconscious. The basic assumption of Freud''s is that much of human behaviors are rooted in unconscious processes. Therefore، he imagine stories and myths a space for the alliance of mental triple parts. After Freud this thought develops and expands in the thoughts of his students such as “Bruno Bettelheim’’، “Otto Rank’’ and “Karl Abraham’’. “Carl Gustav Jung’’ and and after him، his followers also epitomize the nature of the mythological stories in the form of a trip according to the importance of the collective unconscious that often it has psychological and symbolic dimensions and it will be done for acquaintance the hero with his unconscious. According to the achievements from psychology of Freud and his students، Jung''s analytical psychology and his like-mindeds and also according to centrality of example images and the collective unconscious، the results of this research show that many mythological stories، fairy tales and folk narratives have the ability of psychological interpretation significantlyIn order to discover the secrets of the subconscious.

Most scholars، who have spoken about Hafiz and his poetic style، have considered amphibology and proportionally amphibologyas the main feature ofhis poeticstyle. In thepoetryofHafiz، the words are in connecting with each other and with the network of proportionalities. Mostcommentatorsof Hafiz''s poetryhave tried to show off aspects of this proportionalities and beauties. However،many of his amphibology remain hidden from view of theresearchers in poetry of Hafiz. By the same token، in this article، wehave examinedsomehidden amphibology inpoetry of Hafizthat often remain hidden from the eyes of investigators. For this purpose،first،we have investigated the evolution of amphibology and proportionally amphibologyin the Persian rhetoric booksand then،we''vementioneddesireddesired lines of poetry that somehowamphibology and proportionally amphibology are used in them. In this study،we have beentried to search forthe desired wordsinvalid dictionariesand then،we want topoint out some evidenceofpoetry and prosetexts and to explainthese evidences in the couplets of Hafiz.

Qasas Ul Anbiya by Kisa''i is a works in Arabic by Muhammad b. Abdullah al-Kisa''i. The realidentityof itsauthoris not well known. This work is common in Islamiccommunities، especially among the public withnames such as“Bad’aldonya VA Qisas ul-Anbiya’’، “Qasas Ul-Anbiya va almobtada’’ and Bad al-khalq va Qasas Ul Anbiya’’. Coherence in structure of the stories has madethis book isas afictionalliterarytext. The authorhas used from theQuranic storiesandhistorical narratives in writinghisstoriesandhehas filled his book with imagination. The storiesofthisbookareconsideredintwocategoriesincluding the storiesin thecreation of the universe and (The primitive affairs، such as Divine table، pen، Throne، the empyrean، Heaven، Hell، etc.) and Storiesof the Prophets. The mostimportantpart of bookis devotedtothe story ofthe prophets. In this research، it is brieflyconsidered types of stories and itsstructuralanalysis with story elements ad mention of motifs in Qasas Ul-Anbiya by Kisa''i.

Always intellectuals and thinkers of different schools have provided elements to illustrate the image of the perfect man. Abraham Maslow one of the founders of humanistic psychology، presents some properties for his desired perfect human which interprets him as a self-actualized person that according to his view، it is true about most of the successful individuals. Rostam is one of the most successful and prosperous personages in shahnameh and the main elements of specialto the self-actualized individuals of Maslow can be retrieved in their thoughts،Behavior andhisspeech. In this article، at the beginning، we introduce Abraham Maslow and the self-actualization theory and its elements and then in the main section of the article، we describe and analyze the character of Rostam (relying on the story of Rostam and Esfandyar) according to the introduced patterns. In fact، this article introduces Rostam as an Iranian pattern for this theory which was documented by some examples and evidence from the story of Rostam and Esfandyar. In fact، it seems thatin thedesign of thisstory which is the last serious presence of Rustam on stage، Ferdowsi has asked to show Rostam superiority in Body، spirit and character.

The short and historical novel of“The Red mane mare’’ (Ān mādiyān-i surkhʹyāl) By Mahmoud Dowlatabadi is an excerpt fromImru ''al-Qais life who is a romantic poet or songwriter during the ignorance era and it isdescription of the incident and story about a emotional - tribal vengeance (vendetta). In the form of the novel، author has linked a quasi-historical legend in the world of today. In terms of narrative language، this novel isdistinguishedfrom the other stories of Dowlatabadi due to features of the classic prose in it. His selected language in this novel is coordinated perfectly withstraggly space andthe dark age ofthe story (Arab pre-Islamic era). Archaism and appearance of signs of eloquent prose or ancient prose and intermediate prose (in lexical and syntactic Axises)، short sentences، the impressibility from the Arabic language and literature in two In two areas including vocabulary and interpretation، sequenceand contrast،repetition (in word، sentence or contents)، repetition of dash (in the role of description، apposition and so on)، the use of song and meter، invention of new words، Dialect and folk words، using of ancient and modern Persian literature، creation of new spaces using cinematic and theatrical experiences of the author، combining old space with new space (narrativetime)، Conversation with objects and animalsand punctuation mistakes، are from the most important stylistic and linguistic features in this old-oriented novelewich is close to poetry. Dowlatabadi is created a new and old work in the field of contemporary Persian novel using the elements of fact and imagination and artistic exit from standard language like the style of some writers such as Abu al-fazl-e Beyhaqi، Abu Ali Bal''ami and some contemporary writers. In this research،we''ve studied features of mentioned novel in the field of narrative language of story by descriptive and quantitative methods and finally، we have provided a short analysis of each section.

There are many poems in Beyhaqi''s History (Tarikh-e Beyhaqi). From the whole 459 couplets which have been referenced in Tarikh-e Beyhaqi، 249 couplets (4 complete Odes) are from Abu Ḥanifah Eskafi which has been highly regarded Beyhaghi. Two of these four odes have written ordered by Beyhaqi and it seems that some of these couplets will be slightly artificial. In one of these custom odes that are related to the death of Mahmoud of Ghazni، short reign of Amir Mohammad and the reign of Amir Masoud، Eskafisays in describing of Mamdouh''s sword: “Your blade steals Dirham; so you prisoned it in the enemy’s skull and feed it from his brain”. Some commentators of Beyhaqi''s History consider this couplet as a vague couplet and they have not meant it and some of them have meant only the word of “Zavar’’ incorrectly. In this article، after analyzing the words “Dirham’’ and “Zavar’’، and components of “Dirham stealing’’ and “Dirham stealing by sword’’ there is a new meaning for the mentioned couplet which eliminates the ambiguity of it. This theme is in different ways at the poem of other poets.

Mikhail Bakhtin in the dialogical principle (or the logic of dialogue) theory review the areas of dialoge''s creation and several voices in textes. According to Bakhtin''s view, since dialogism is hidden in the nature of an artistic work. In this article, there is a considering about dominant dialogical space on collection of poems of Kaiser Aminpour as a leading contemporary poet. The poetic life of Kaiser Aminpour goes back to the years 1357-1386 and dominant thought over his poems includes three different period; idealism, frustration and introversion and in each period, special language and expression is used in his poems according to the used concepts and themes. In this article, we analyze the poetry of different periods in the poetic life of Kaiser Aminpour with a descriptive and analytical methodes and a special approach to Mikhail Bakhtin''s theory or his “the logic of dialogu’’ theory and so, we review transformations in the field of language and speech. Results of this study show that Kaiser Aminpour is a dialogue-oriented poet and he used preparations and techniques related to the logic of dialogue to create dialogue space in his poems including another voice, Bi-directional speech, intertextuality, addressed statements and chronotope. The method of using of dialogical preparations in the Aminpour poetry is also dependent to changes that it was dominant on his language and thought in different periods of his poetic life.