مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 44 (آذر و دی 1395)

Patients on hemodialysis experience high levels of psychological stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on the stress of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The present study was a randomized clinical trial that was carried out on ninety patients undergoing hemodialysis at Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Karaj during year 2015-16. The subjects were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Then, the patients were randomly allocated to two groups; control group (n = 45) and experimental group (n = 45). Desensitization method with eye movements and reprocessing was performed by the experimental group for around 30 to 45 minutes. Patients in the control group received routine care of the study setting. Data were collected using the Hemodialysis Stress Scale questionnaire (HSS-Baldree) before and after the intervention by a researcher, who was blind to the group the patients were allocated to. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's Exact Test, T-test, and Chi-square tests with the SPSS 21 software.
The mean of anxiety in the experimental group was 66.77 ± 16.15 before the intervention and 38.22 ± 7.45 after the intervention. The mean score of stress among the participants showed a significant difference pre and post-intervention in the experimental group (P The findings indicate that the desensitization method with eye movements and reprocessing decreases patient's stress during treatment procedures. The use of EMRD for patients undergoing hemodialysis will lead to improved health and reduces their stress.

Hypertension is a common disease without symptoms, and if untreated, leads to fatal complications. Using psychological and behavioral therapy for the treatment of patients with hypertension is a low cost strategy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of stress management on anxiety of females with hypertension.
The research method was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test and a control group. Forty females with hypertension from patients with hypertension admitted to 22 Bahman Hospital of Masjed-Soleyman were randomly selected, and were divided to two experimental and control groups with 20 subjects. The instrument that assessed anxiety was ANQ. The data obtained in this study was analyzed with univariate analysis. After a one-month follow-up, a test was performed.
There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of age, marital status and occupation (P Stress management training can reduce anxiety levels in females with hypertension and use of this technique as a complementary therapy without complications for patients with hypertension, is recommended.

Kernicterus is one of the side effects of hyperbilirubinemia. Massage lead to further reduction of bilirubin reabsorption in the blood, so decreases jaundice. This study was conducted to examine the effect of tactile-kinesthetic massage on transcutaneous bilirubin in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
This clinical trial study was implemented on neonates with physiological jaundice hospitalization at the neonatal ward at one of the educational hospitals of Zahedan during year 2014. Eighty neonates were selected with convenience and sequential sampling and divided randomly to two groups, intervention group (40) and control group (40). In the intervention group, tactile-kinesthetic massage was implemented for two days and three times every day and every session lasted 10 minutes and the mean bilirubin was determined pre-intervention, and 24 hours and 48 hours after intervention. Data were gathered through demographic questionnaire and Transcutaneous-Bilirubinometry. Data were analyzed through SPSS 16 and using the t-test and repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
The mean bilirubin in the intervention group, and pre intervention (9.71 ± 2.45), 24 hours (6.48 ± 2.4) and 48 hours after intervention (8.17 ± 2.43) were significantly different statically (P 0.05). Also, the number of meconium defecation was not significantly different statistically at these three time points between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Massage can cause an impact in bilirubin reduction in neonates. Therefore, nurses can use this method as a non-pharmaceutical method along with phototherapy for reduction of bilirubin.

One of the sources of stress is business tension. Although any sort of employment may involve stress yet health-related jobs appear to be more stressful. Nurses confront critical situations and professional problems. Hence, this study, aimed to determinate the effect of music on critical unit nurses stress.
The research was a clinical trial. Thereby, 127 nurses, who were working in critical units, were randomly selected and allocated either to the intervention or the control group. Data was collected before applying the intervention for each of the two groups by means of the Garry Taft and Anderson questionnaire. The intervention group was exposed to their preferred music for 12 weeks, three times each week, 20 minutes each time. After the end of the 12-week course, the mentioned questionnaire was answered by this group and simultaneously by the control group. To analyze the data, the SPSS software, version 12, was used.
The distribution of demographics properties of the two groups was similar. There was a statistical difference in the stress level of the intervention group, before and after the intervention. Also, there was a meaningful statistical difference between the two groups, after the intervention.
According to the achieved results of this study, music has a positive effect on decreasing nurses stress level. The application of music in critical hospital units should be discussed and deliberated.

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In developing countries like Iran, the prevalence of hypertension is expanding. Today, the use of new technologies such as reminder cards, as a tool for promoting adherence to treatment, is recommended. The present research aimed to evaluate reminder cards on adherence to treatment in the patients with hypertension, who were referred to Seyed al Shohada Medical and Educational Center, Urmia, Iran.
The present work was a clinical trial study, in which 82 patients with hypertension that were referred to Seyedal Shohada Medical and Educational Center, Urmia, Iran, and had the inclusion criteria were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to two groups, including those trained with reminder cards, and the control group. The data collection tool included demographic questionnaire and Hill-Ben's treatment adherence questionnaire, which was filled via two steps before and after the intervention. During the 12-week follow-up course, for the reminder cards group, the correct manner and sequence of using reminder cards was trained to the patients and their families. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential tests.
Results of this study demonstrated that mean score of adherence to treatment advice among the patients was not statistically different in the two groups before the intervention (P > 0.05). However, mean scores of adherence to treatment advice was statistically different in the two groups after the intervention (P = 0.000).
Findings obtained from the present research demonstrated that training and remote follow-up via remainder cards leads to adherence promotion of patients to treatment advice. Therefore, healthcare teams and nurses of these patients are recommended to apply such training methods.

Return of spontaneous circulation is the first purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important factor for return of spontaneous circulation in cardiopulmonary arrest patients. Therefore, survey of end tidal CO2 can be a feedback for quality of CPR. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship end tidal CO2 and return of spontaneous circulation.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 80 cases of CPR based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling at Ghaem hospital of Mashhad (2014). The instruments used included patients demographic data and information about the progress of cardiopulmonary resuscitation including end-tidal carbon dioxide levels and the results CPR. At the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Capnograph was connected to endotracheal tube and the patient’s end-tidal CO2 was recorded and it was related to the Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC was defined as the presence of a palpable femoral arterial pulse and a systolic blood pressure above 80 mmHg for longer than three minutes). Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 and descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Fisher's exact, t-test, correlation and linear regression).
Mean and standard deviation of age of patients was 67.3 ± 1.5 years; 47.5% were male and 98.8% of patient’s cardiac rhythm in the start of CPR was asystole. The End Tidal CO2 (ETCO2) in patients with successful CPR was 21.6 ± 13.7 mmhg and in others was 17.7 ± 10.2 mmHg (P=0.16). The results showed that in patients that end-tidal CO2 during resuscitation was less than 1 mm Hg, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation was 41.2% and in patients that end-tidal CO2 during resuscitation was 30-41 mmHg, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation was 75%.
The results showed that high levels of ETCO2 during cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased potential of return of spontaneous circulation. The ETCO2 can be a feedback for quality of CPR. Therefore, the use of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation to CPR members is recommended.

Research has shown that a lot of managerial and organizational factors are involved in burnout. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between spiritual leadership, perceived organizational support with job burnout among nurses working at the hospitals of Isfahan Medical University.
The design of this research was descriptive and correlation. The total number of nurses working at the studied unit was 4000, and 351 individuals were chosen based on Cochran’s sample size formula. The tools used in this research included a spiritual leadership questionnaire of Fry et al. (2005), the organizational support of Eisenberger et al. (1986) and job burnout of Maslach (1981).
The face and content validity of all three questionnaires was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Coronbach’s alpha (0.78, 0.83 and 0.74, respectively). The data analysis was performed with the use of step by step regression, Pearson coefficient and variance analysis test.
The results showed that there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between spiritual leadership (r = -0.191, P

Creativity is flexibility in thinking, being full of ideas, the ability to cope with new ideas and discover new connections between available items. Also, assertiveness is an important social skill during the development of a teenager. Considering rapid changes of today's world, only those, who can adapt to change, survive. The aim of this researeh was to study the effect of problem solving skills training on creativity and assertiveness among high school students in Shush city.
This quasi-experimental study was done with pretest-posttest on all male students in the second year of high school in the city of Shush during years 2013 and 2014. The sample was selected using multistage random cluster sampling (even and odd design), and randomly assigned to two 20-member experimental and control groups. The measurement tool was the 60-point Abedi creativity Standard questionnaire and 33-point ASA assertiveness questionnaire. To carry out the research, pre-test was taken in both experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions (90 minutes in duration) about problem solving skills training while the control group did not receive any intervention. For data analysis, the SPSS-18 software and multivariate covariance were used.
The results indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in creativity and assertiveness (P Considering the importance of variables such as creativity and self-expression, it is necessary to provide continuous training during school years, to enhance the quality of education.