نشریه مطالعات تاریخی قرآن و حدیث
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 48، پاییز و زمستان 1389)

After a review of the history of the Holy Quran, The main question of the present paper is this: why muslims have not written a book entitled the history of the Holy Quran over the last century? I will present three different veasons for it. I consider the history of writing the Holy Quran in the world of Islam as influenced by the History of the Holy Quran by Noldke- schwali. I will then review in a detailed way the most important works of the Islamic scholars in the world of Islam especially in Iran and the Arab word, The final part of this paper is a report on the texts written about the history of Islam in the world of Islam in six languages, namely Arabic, persian, Turkish, urdu, Malayan and Indomesian.

Since the old Quranic texts strefaithfullness and prevention of any addition or deletion in translation, by studying the Quranic equivalents, we can remove Semantic ambiguity from many old and obsolete Persian words and benefit from it in comprehending other texts. It is in this way that the old translations and interpretations gain a valuable position in studying historical trend and the stylistic characteristics of the Persian language. The conspicuous application of rare and elegant Persian words in Quran’s interpretation known as cambridge commentary is one of its advantages over many other old Quranic texts. In this paper, we will try to explain some old words and their qualilative and quantitative application in the old translations and interpretations by comparing some of the equivalents in Cambridge Commentary, pars Quran, Sor-Abadi interpretation, Quds Quran, Quran’s old translations, Tabari commentary, Gazer interpretation and kashf-al-Asrar interpretation.

Although Arabic speech hasnt been without eloquence and fluency, descending of Qoran caused to considerable changes and became a source of Arabic sciences and eloquent techniques, Among figures of speech available in Qoran, brevity is the context of the study because in most expert's view brevity is the base of Arabic eloquence. In this brief review, we tried to study verses in which elision has bee taken place to express eloquent mainfestations of this technique. So to achieve this purpose, debates including difference between brevity and trope, meaning of elision, conditions, utilities and reasons of elision have been discussed. In conclusion, verses have been mentioned in which brevity and elision have led to some problems in interpretation of Qoran and with reference to eloquent interpretations, the most precise interpretation related to the verses have been expressed.

Waiting for thr reappearance of Imam Mahdi: (Pbuh) is Considered as a basic pillar of shiism, If this belief prevails in society in its real sense, it will serve as an important factor for character building, dynamism, and hope. It will bring about a betterment for people and society. It will also lead to endeavors to pave the way for the advent of Imam Mahdi (Pbuh) and the realization of his rule, an issue worth studying in relation to the mission of people and the Islamic rule. In this paper, we are trying to explain all the characteristics of waiters’mission in paving the way for the reappearance of Imam Mahdi (Pbuh) and the realization of his rule with a descriptive and analytical method together with a new glance at narrations by Ahl-al-Bayt (Pbut). Based on this research, the most important characteristics of people’s mission are: promoting knowledge about Imam Mahdi (Pbuh), adhering to religion, befriending the friends of God and immunity from the enemies of God, avoiding to commit sins, doing righteous deeds, remembering Imam Mahdi, praying for his hasty reappearance, following jurisprudence on the one hand, and fighting oppression corruption, and innovation in religion, reacting to any doubts about Imam Mahdi’s rule removing obstacles in the way of Imam Mahdi’s reappearance, Spreading Jusfice in the Islamic Society, training human force, gaining military might, promoting people’s knowledge and vision about religion, boosting the spirit of Faith, piety, Jihad, defence of religion, promoting love of immaculate Imams (Pbut) which are some of the characteristics of the Islamic rule in paving the way for the reappearance of Imam Mahdi (Pbuh) and his rule on the other.

Omission and cause and effect are some of the Structures prevailing in the Holy Quran. Both Structures are seen in some of the verses in a way we witness omission in a cause and effect structure. Sometimes the caused phrase is fully or partially deleted. It is lame-Talil. We sometimes witness the omission of cause phrase in a way that another cause and effect phrase is added to it by means of and (waw) or then (thoma). By Studying the Quranic translations, we can conclude that in many translations due attention has been paid to this structure, causing translators to adopt different methods in translating these kinds of verses. Even looking at the performance of an individual translators, this multiple attitude can be clearly seen in a way that every individual translator has different translation with regard to the same structure.

An issue discussed in the Quranic Scientific books and Commentaries is contradictory verses in the Holy Quran. From the early Centuries, The Quranic scholars, in their numerous books, have raised and rejected this claim. Commentators too, have spoken of it in most of Commentaries, not knowing that the questions raised are not of the same strength. Some of them were superficial while others serious and controversial. Facing this issue, Muslim Commentators have had different attitudes in resolving it. In this paper while factors leading to inception of the issue of contradiction in the Holy Quran and its historic records at the time of the Holy prophet (SAW) and the immaculate Imams (Pbut) have been discussed, the most important topic related to the issue in the field of the Quranic Sciences have been identified. Towards the end, the historic trend of the famous book, written in this field has been briefly discussed. The main and final part of this paper has been devoted to the different methods used by the muslim scholars in response to different claims In this part, reference has been made to lexical methods, and literary interpretation as well as such Quranic terms as abrogating, abrogated, explicit and implicit verses, veritative expression and metaphor, while each of the methods has been accompanied with samples of the view points of the well-known Commentators expressed under the related verses.

The general attitude of the western ressearchers who have studied the evolution of jurisprudential Hudiths is that in the second and early third centuries after Hejira, the religious decrees (Fatawi) of the Companions of the Holy prophet (SAW), the immediate Successors and the jurisprudents have been attributed to the Holy prophet (SAW) hence becoming Nabawi Hadiths. This phenol menon is dubbed as "backward growth of ismads". In the present paper, the attilude of the muslim traditionalists towards this phenomenon will be discussed. A study of the old texts about critism of Hadith (Elalol Hadith and mozooat) the non-prophetic narrations of major Nabawi Hadiths, registered in the six books (settah) and other old traditions have been extant at the same time. The relators and critics of Hadiths during to fifth centuries, were informed of turning non-prophetic (suspended) marrations into prophetic Hadiths, describing it as promotion of Hadiths to the effect that marrations related by the Companions of the Holy prophet (SAW) or by the immediate Successors or individuals from the next generations were promoted to prophetic Hadith in a similar narration. Reacting to this phenomenon, they have considered the suspended narration as authentic, preferring it to the promoted narration However, since the fifth century an wards, due to prevalence of a theological-jurisprudential attitude and the acceptance of prophetic narration, the critical attitude of critics of moteghaddem Hadith has been sidelined.