مجله طب جنوب
سال شانزدهم شماره 5 (آذر و دی 1392)

Although the inverse correlation of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance has been suggested in various studies, but there is few studies about correlation between serum adiponectin level and metabolic syndrome in post menopause women. In an extension of a large epidemiological study, the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study, a total of 382 healthy postmenopausal women (age, 58.5±7.4 years) were randomly selected from 13 clusters in Bushehr port. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP, ATPIII criteria. Serum adiponectin and hsCRP level were measured by highly specific enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA). The geometric mean (±SD) of adiponectin was lower (10.23±1.54µg/ml) in individuals with metabolic syndrome than healthy subjects (12.02±1.58 µg/ml)(p=0.003). In multiple logistic regression analysis, metabolic syndrome correlated with adiponectin after adjusting for age, hsCRP and BMI (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.59, P=0.007). In post menopause women, metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with lower serum levels of adiponectin. In order to increase circulatory adiponectin levels, weight reduction and increase of physical activity may be considered.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human obligate pathogen and the etiological agent of gonorrhea. Health irreparable complications resulting from gonorrhea disease occur mainly in pregnant women and neonates. Aim of this study was diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among pregnant women with using culture and molecular method by amplification of cppB gene with PCR. In this cross-sectional study، two endocervical swab specimens were obtained from 1100 pregnant women who referred to Shiraz Hospitals. Culture on nonselective and selective media and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) were performed for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cppB gene. All endocervical swabs cultures on selective and nonselective media were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Among examined endocervical swabs، 13samples (1. 18%) were positive by nucleic acid amplification of Neisseria gonorrgoeae cppB gene. Negative results of culture and positive results of PCR in this study indicate that however culture is gold standard method for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae but due to bacterial autolysis، poor sampling techniques and improper specimen storage and transport، its value decline as compared with Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT).

Bone scintigraphy is the most commonly performed procedure in nuclear medicine departments. Radiation risk estimates and optimal use of various radiodiagnostic techniques require accurate dosimetry for representative groups of patients. The aim of the present study was to determination of organ absorbed doses in patients following bone scan with using of MIRD method. In this study، each patient was injected 25 mCi of mTc-MDP99. Patients were imaged with a gamma camera. Whole-body images from patients were acquired at 10، 60، 90، 180 minutes after mTc-MDP99 injection. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around organs for count per minute calculation. Count per minute was converted to activity using the conjugate view counting method. The mean uptake activity was measured in different time periods after injection of mTc-MDP99 for each organ. The absorbed doses per unit injected activity (mrad/mCi) for liver، bladder، spleen، right and left kidney were 7. 78، 8. 17، 7. 96، 30. 0 and 30. 9 mrad/mCi، respectively. In this study the kidneys and liver received maximum and minimum absorbed doses، respectively. These results were consistent with other studies.

Pain as a main social problem has involved millions of people. Surface massag is one of the effective ways for reducing pain after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface massage technique on pain intensity in knee surgery patients with Arthroscopy technique. This is a clinical trial study on 60 Knee surgery patientsSamples were selected using conveniencecontinuity method and then they were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In intervention group، besides routine treatments، patients were taking surface massage technique by the researcher for 20 minutes each day and pain severity was evaluated before and after the surface stroking technique. Control group received only routine medical care and pain severity was evaluated in first and after 20 minutes. Data was analyzed by presenting descriptive and inferential statistics with using SPSS version 15 software. Results showed that there was a statistical different between mean score of pain severity before and after surface massage in intervention group (p <0. 001) but this difference wasn''t meaningful in control group (p=0. 32). Considering surface massage as a safe and effective intervention، it could be used as an easy، cheap and executable method for treating pain in all medical health care centers and even at patient''s home.

The cause of most industrial accidents can be found in not observing the consideration of engineering science completely and human factors at individual or organizational levels. Undesirable noises in working areas، has negative effects on workers’ mental conditions and reduces their pruductivity. Based on these facts، the subject of assessing the noise pollution rate in industrial environments & presenting practical approaches for improving and controlling work conditions was reviewed & implemented in one case study. For recognizing and assessing the pollution rate in different working stations، noise elevations at different levels were measured by SLM machine and the average pressure elevation of the considered unit noise was calculated. In addition، noise dosage was performed for the employed personnel and the maximum permitted time for working units was measured. To assess the effects of undesirable noises on the employees، the hearing level of all the under-study personnel was reviewed by periodical tests. Input analysis showed server noise pollution in the area of word chips production and the results of measuring noise reduction hearing level of the personnel was an indication of noise pollution in the above mentioned area. After applying the related approaches، the results of periodical noise measurements for the personnel showed that noise pollution of that area was under control. Following the individuals and managerial actions for solving the problem of noise pollution in the wood chips area، the continuous reviews and noise measurement tests، showed that the undesirable effects of the noise on the personnel was under control.

Different types of sleep disturbances can have a serious negative effect on a person’s ability, function and overall well-being. One of the most important issues that can result in sleep disturbances are occupational causes, the most important among them is shift work. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of sleep disturbances between shift work and non shift workers. This study was designed as a case-control study in 196 shift workers and 204 non-shift workers in a textile factory. The data were collected by using a comprehensive questionnaire including Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index and Restless Leg Syndrome Questionnaire. Data analyses were carried out using the SPSS software version 13 by student's t-test, Chi square and multiple logistic regressions. The duration of night sleep in shift workers was less than day workers (p<0.001). Prevalence of poor sleep quality and insomnia were higher in shift workers significantly than non shift workers (p<0.001, OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.7-2.9). The most prevalent type of insomnia was problems in initiating sleep (P=0.022, OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.5-3.2). There was no difference in the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness, restless leg syndrome, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea and different types of parasomnias between two groups. Reduced length of sleep and higher prevalence of poor sleep quality and insomnia in shift workers emphasizes the importance of serious attention to sleep disorders in shift workers.

Exophthalmos is the protrusion of eye from the orbital cavity. It may be due to inflammation، infection، tumors and thyroid disorders. Normal value of ocular protrusion is different in each population. It is related to age، gender and ethnicity. The measurement of eye protrusion is helpful in the diagnosis and management of exophthalmos. The aim of this study is to determine the normal values for eye protrusion in Bushehr port population. In this study، 1303 subjects of healthy population (15-75 years old) in Bushehr were randomly selected from eccompannies persons of patients that referred to our endocrine clinic. Subjects with previous history of orbital surgery، eye trauma، strabismus، myopia (>-2 Diopter)، orbital inflammatory disease، skull and face abnormality were excluded. Extent of eye protrusion was measured by one endocrinologist using Hertel exophthalmometry. The mean protrusion values for right eye and left eye were 17. 9±11. 55 and 18. 08±1. 5mm، respectively. The exophthalmometric measurements were lower in right eye than left eye (p<0. 0001). Also the mean eye protrusion decreased with increasing in age (p<0. 0001). The upper limit of eye protrusion in healthy adult was 21. 11 mm. The eye protrusion more than 21. 11 mm should be considered as exophthalmos in Bushehr port population.

The phylum Cnidarians have over nine thousand species that approximately، one hundred species are dangerous for humans. Annually، a large number of deaths were reported due to jellyfish stings. The manifestations depend on their species and kind of venoms، and include the local and systemic manifestations. A number of methods and compounds were used and under investigation for management of injuries with jellyfishes. Due to the lack of an integrated systematic review، the current study was done. The PubMed data bank was searched for the term “Jellyfish”. A total of 1677 papers were found. These papers were divided into three categories: medical، biomedical and biotechnological fields. The medical category was further divided into three subcategories comprisingsystemic manifestations، cutaneous manifestations and treatments for the stings of jellyfishes. The biomedical category was further subdivided into genomics، proteomics، and biology of venoms، mechanisms of actions and products of biomedical significance. In this part of systematic review، the medical aspects of injuries with jellyfishes were evaluated. The clinical manifestations in jellyfish envenomation depend on their species and the nature of venoms. The most common clinical manifestations of jellyfish stings are cutaneous presentations like urticasia، erythema، swelling، vesicles and severe dermonectoric manifestations. Systemic manifestationswere seen in the stings of box jellyfishes، Portuguese man-of-war and in Irukandji syndrome. The most common recommendations for jellyfish envenomation managements include decreasing the local effects of venom، prevention of the venomous nematocysts release، and Controlling of systemic reactions. Application of commercial vinegar (4 - 6% acetic acid)، hot water immersion (HWI) (42 ° C for 20 minutes)، ice packs، sea water rinsing for inactivating nematocysts، administration of topical and parenteral analgesics، corticosteroids، and antihistamines are the basics for treatments of jellyfish envenomations. The Anti-venom for jellyfishes can counteract the effects of venom. The cutaneous manifestations in jellyfish envenomation are the most common clinical presentation. There was no any conducted double-blind and controlled clinical trials for the management of jellyfish envenomation، the application of commercial vinegar (4 - 6% acetic acid)، hot water، ice packs and sea water rinsing are the fundamentals of treatments in the stings of the jellyfishes.

Jellyfishes belong to the phylum Cnidarians with a wide range of size، from 22 centimeters to 2. 5 meters. Jellyfishes have a worldwide distribution comprising over nine thousands species that approximately، 100 species are dangerous for humans. The venoms of these organisms contain biomolecules with extensive activities which could be used as a source of novel drugs in the future. The PubMed data bank was searched for the term “Jellyfish”. A total of 1677 papers were found. These papers were divided into three categories: medical، biomedical and biotechnological fields. The medical category was further divided into three subcategories comprising systemic manifestations، cutaneous manifestations and treatments for the stings of jellyfishes. The biomedical category was further subdivided into genomics، proteomics، and biology of venoms، mechanisms of actions and products of biomedical significance. In this part of systematic review، the biomedical and biotechnological and biotechnological fields were evaluated. The genomics and proteomics of 24 species of jellyfishes had been studied in details. The mechanisms of actions of the venoms of 23 species were under investigations. The hematologic (hemolytic effects)، cardiotoxic، neurotoxic، dermonecrotic، immunologic and cytotoxic presentations for the venoms were reported. Similar clinical presentations could be produced by different species of jellyfishes with a vast of molecular action mechanisms. Bioactive molecules with cytotoxic، anticancer، antibacterial and antioxidant effects were isolated from the venoms. The venoms of jellyfishes have bioactive molecules that produce a variety of complex intracellular interactions. Hence، the studies on the venomics of jellyfishes and the mechanisms of actions of their venoms could progress the therapeutic interventions and promise novel marine drugs.