Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

The aim of the present work was to develop immediate release dosage form of the solid dispersion of glimperide (GLIM) for potential enhancement in the bioavailability. The solid dispersions of GLIM were prepared with PEG6000, PVP K30 and Poloxamer 188, in 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 %w/w ratio by using solvent wetting and solvent melt method. The in vitro dissolution parameters (%DE10min, %DE30min, %DE60min, T50% and DP30) were used to select the optimized solid dispersion that was characterized by IR, PXRD, DSC and SEM. The optimized solid dispersion of GLIM (GSDSM3) was used as drug component for immediate release (IR) tablets that were evaluated for physical and pharmacopoeial parameters. The in vitro drug release studies identified G4 as the optimized tablet with a cumulative drug release (CDR) of 99.34% in 30 min in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The CDR was higher than the marketed tablet (91.15%, Amaryl®, Sanofiaventis), However, the f1 and f2 were 10.6 and 52 respectively, which confirmed similarity of the dissolution profile(s). Accelerated stability studies confirmed stability up to 6 months at 40°C/75% condition in the HDPE bottle pack.

Vicia genus has 45 species in Iran. Many protective and biological activities have been reported from these species. In spite of many works, nothing is known about protective effect of V. cracca against hypoxia conditions. In this study, protective effects of V. cracca extract against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice were evaluated by three experimental models of hypoxia, asphyctic, haemic and circulatory. Statistically significant protective activities were observed in some doses of extract in three models. Antihypoxic activity was especially pronounced in asphyctic model. Extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (27.37 ± 4.0 min) but was not comparable with that of phenytoin (39.80 ± 1.92). At 100 mg/kg it also prolonged survival time (24.76 ± 3.7 min) which was so higher than control group. In haemic model, V. cracca extract significantly and dose dependently prolonged survival time as compared to control group. At 200 mg/kg, extract was being capable of keeping the mice alive for 15.38 ± 1.93 min. It was also effective in circulatory model. V. cracca extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (16.84 ± 1.47 min) that was statistically significant as compared to control group (13.14 ± 0.51 min). V. cracca extract showed a very good protective effect against the hypoxia in some models. Specifically, they produced significant and dose-dependent effect on the model of asphytic and haemic hypoxia. The presence of polyphenols in this plant may be a proposal mechanism for reported antihypoxic activities of this plant.

Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided into two groups by accessible sampling. Before the intervention and after tracheal extubation, demographic and clinical data, as well as data on cough by a scoring system were collected from interventional and control groups. The patients in the interventional group after tracheal extubation were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about 10 min. This treatment was performed at 1 and 12 h after extubation. The severity of cough was recorded in both interventional and control groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after extubation. The present study showed that the severity of cough after extubation in the patients undergoing CABG in the interventional group had no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. Risk of cough had respectively 9.5% increase in the control group as compared to the interventional group.

Arnebia euchroma is from Boraginaceae family. Various therapeutic effects have been reported for different species of this plant. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the root of A. euchroma and its protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice. In this experimental study, A. euchroma was extracted with ethanol solvent by maceration method. Antioxidant activity of the plant has been evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Then, the hepatoprotective effect of A. euchroma was evaluated through determination the content of glutathione in liver tissue, ALP, AST, ALT serum levels and histopathology of liver in different groups. The total phenolic content determined as 0.56% per 100 g of plant was equivalent to gallic acid. The total flavonoid content was 0.079% per 100 g of plant that was equivalent to quercetin. The IC50 of the extract for free radical scavenging was obtained 139.2 µg/ml. The extract increased liver glutathione and serums ALP, AST, ALT that were decreased by CCl4 administration in animal. All protective effects were dose-dependent and the results of liver histopathology showed a significant improvement of inflammation and necrosis that were caused by CCl4 in mice. The results of this study revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. euchroma root has an antioxidant effect and excellent hepatoprotection in mice.