نشریه علوم پایه
سال بیست و سوم شماره 1 (1389)

Industrial activities are among the major factors leading to environmental disturbances.One of such activities is that of Mobarakeh Steel Complex.The major aim of this study wasto investigate the concentration and distribution of Cr and mo in soil, water and air aroundthe factory. In this study, systematic sampling and geochemical analyses were used. After granulumetry, the samples were analysed with ICP and AAS methods and the mapsrepresenting the dispersion of Mo, Cr were drawn using the "Surfer "Software. From theobtaind results, the effects of pollutants on the surrounding areas were determined. Thiswas compared with global standards. Finally some controlling methods to preventdistribution of environmental pollutants in the area were presented.

Organic charge transfer agents recently have been widely developed and investigatedby scientists. This is Because of their application in variety of in industrial fields such aschemistry, polymer, medical, biology and electronic sciences. This substances arerelationship bridge between chemistry and electronic, thus, first decade of this century iscalled "organic electronic" by IBM industry.Some of the most important of their applications are in sensors, solar cells, reactioninitiators, transistors, amplifiers, semiconductors, biological process, anticancers, organicmemories and the other applications which made them very important and widely usedsubstances.

Mono- and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid have widely uses in industrially. Most oftheir commercial products are as mixture and they usually use for general application, likehydrometallurgy. There are different methods for their synthesis that most of them mono(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid is often a side product in bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoricacid. With considering to different chemical properties of them, different procedures areexisting. In this research, these compounds are measured by indirect potentiometrictitration and plotting the differential titration curve for their quantitative determination then they are characterized by spectroscopy methods.

Mononitrotoluene isomers are important main products that are produced as a mixture inthe nitration of toluene. Distillation and crystallization are the effective methods forseparation of mononitrotoluene isomers. In this paper, at first, the different methods ofmononitration of toluene and the properties of produced mononitrotoluene isomers havebeen reviewed. Then, separation of orthonitrotoluene from a mixture of mononitrotoluene isomers by simple distillation and crystallization processes have been studied experimentally. The results show that the maximum separation of orthonitrtoluene by crystallization doesnt exceed 76% whereas distillation can separate orthonitrotoluene up to 95%. Thus, distillation can separate orthonitrotoluene more effective than crystallization and is proper process for separating of orthonitrotoluene from the mixture of mononitrotoluene isomers.

The capacity of the electrical double layer at the surface of mercury electrode ismeasured in an aqueous solution of 0.5M H2SO4. . The mercury/electrolyte/platinumsystem in a conductive cell with especial conductivity and suitable resistance. suchaway. that strong capacitance can be limited separately. For reducing thy effect weshould use a suitable Technique at low frequency(about 1000 Hz) and 25 0C for 0.05,and 0.005 M of electrolytes.The obtained values with respect to the potential of Calomel electrode showed that thejunction potentials corresponding to 0.05 and 0.005 M of Kcl couldnot introduce largeerrors.

Gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrated is one of the main and convectional chemical which is produced in majority from mineral sources. The ordinary method of preparation of anhydrous calcium sulfate (type II) is dehydration of gypsum by moderate amount of sulfuric acid at high temperature (about 130 oC) or great amount at low temperature. In this investigation a new method for preparing of anhydrous calcium sulfate was presented which in dehydration of gypsum by low amount of sulfuric acid at moderate temperature (90 oC) was studied experimentally. The results show that prepared anhydrous calcium sulfate has proper specifications in comparison with commercial anhydrous calcium sulfate. The product, also, has good stability and whiteness degree which can be used as paper pigment.

Heavy metal ion removal from waste – waters has been the subject of extensivelytechnological research and recovering process can often result in considerable cost saving.Such analytical procedure developments are widely encouraged because many metals suchaz mercury, cadmium, lead attain toxicity at distinct levels or can show either vital ortoxic effects ina series of biological systems as a function of concentration. Therefore, increasing pressure from enviromental authorities forces the establishment of dis chargelimits, which in turn, require an effective use of de contamination and puriticationmethods. The aim of this research was the synthesis of a polymer that easily and efficiently adsorbs / desorbs Pb ions for removing / recovering this ions from industrial. In this synthesis silicagel and3
glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane were coupled and SiGPMSsynthesized and Toluidin red was coupled to it. This polymer was characterized with IR.Then using AA technique, the amount of absorbed Pb by polymer was studied in differentpHs. The maximum adsorption of Pb was occurred at pH= 7. The optimum time foradsorption of Pb was found to be 4hours. The reliability and performance of thesynthesized polymer was evaluated by using real samples. In conclusion the synthesizedpolymer has good capability for adsorption and removing of heavy metal ions espPbftomindustrial wastes.

The synthesis of nickel nanoparticles with various grain sizes has been achieved byspontaneous autocatalytic reduction in alcohol-water and hydrazine Solution with Sodiumhydroxide catalysts. Investigations of different samples revealed that, a single phase nickelcan be obtained at 0.2 concenteration and pH values 12 to 13.5. The phase structures and morphologies of the Ni-nanoparticles have been carried out byusing XRD and SEM. Thecrystallography studies of the samples indicate that resultantparticles were crystalline fcc structure with miller indices (111), (200), (222) and averagediameter sizes about6.5- 20 nm at room temperature. The nanoparticle sizes increased byincreased by raising of the solution temperature from 25-125 ºC.

The stability constant on complexation of VO2+ with alanine has been determined by a combination of spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods at (25 ± 0.1)ºC and various ionic strengths in the range (0.1 to 0.8) moldm-3 (sodium perchlorate) in the pH range 1.3-2.8 with high ligand-to-metal ratios. In this study an equilibrium model, MY, is assumed, where M and Y represent the metal ion and fully dissociated amino acid anion, respectively. Also, the results are discussed in terms of the dependences of protonation and complexation on ionic strength by a Hückel type equation.