فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 67، بهار 1391)

According to evidence of therapeutic effects of Komboucha, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Kombucha topical application Synchronized with Kombucha tea oral administration on third-degree burn wounds healing in Wistar rats. In this experimental study, forty Wistar male rats weighing 150-200g were subjected to the deep-burn wounds under general anesthesia in the sterile condition. They were randomly divided into four groups including control (the group without any treatment), sham (sweetened tea treated group), experimental1 (KT treated group) and experimental2 (the group that treated with KT oral administration and homogeneous Kombucha symbiont topical application). After 21-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed using an overdose of anesthetic. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of wound were studied. Macroscopic evaluation revealed completely closure of burn wounds in experimental groups. Histological studies showed that skin, keratinocyte layer, epidermis and hypodermis thicknesses in the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups and also number and diameter of hair follicles in the experimental 1 group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.001). Synchronized oral administration and topical application of Kombucha probably lead to healing acceleration and scar reduction of full-thickness burn wounds.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) on in vitro maturation of immature NMRI mouse strain oocyte. In this experimental study, immature oocytes recovered from NMRI mouse strain (4-6 weeks) were categorized in one control and ten experimental groups. The control oocytes were matured in MEMα medium contains 5% FCS, 7.5 Iu hCG and 100 mIU rFSH. In the experimental groups, immature oocytes were matured in this maturation medium and different amount of phosphodiesterase. Oocyte of each group incubated for 24 hours in 37 C° and 5% CO2. After 24 hours, the activated immature oocytes were classified as GV when the germinal vesicle was present, as GVBD when GV was breakdown and metaphase Π (M Π) when first polar body was extruded. The percentage of oocytes remained in GV stage in the control, the first group (80nIu/µu PDEI type4) and 8th group (0.5 nIu/µu PDEI type4) were 18.5, 32.5 and 7.5 percent, respectively (p<0.01). The percentage of in vitro maturation in the control, the first and 8th group were 60.7, 10 and 77 percent, respectively (p< 0.01). This study showed that PDEI (type4) enhanced in vitro maturation of immature NMRI mouse strain oocytes and the 0.5 nIu/µu of PDEI (type4) is the best dose.

Zinc plays a clear role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin. In this study, effect of zinc intake by pregnant rats on their diabetosized offspring was investigated. In this experimental study, pregnant rats were divided in two groups. Control group received normal food and water during pregnancy and after birth, and experimental group received zinc sulphate along this time. Male offsprings from control group were divided in three groups: C1: with normal food and water, C2: diabetosized and C3: received zinc sulphate. Male offsprings from experimental group were divided in four groups: exp1: with normal food and water, exp2: diabetosized, exp3: received zinc sulphate and exp4: diabetosized and received zinc sulphate. Treatment continued for 30 days and water and food intake and urine quantity were measured per day for offsprings. Also, weight, blood glucose and insulin level were detetmined. Water intake and urine quantity were decreased significantly in exp2 and exp4 (experimental diabetic groups) in comparison with C2 (control diabetic group) (both p<0.01). Body weight was not significantly different between C2 group and exp2 and exp4 groups. Blood glucose was decreased significantly (p<0.001) in exp2 and exp4 in comparison with C2 and blood insulin level was increased significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) in exp2 and exp4 in comparison with C2. Zinc intake has useful effects on the control of diabetes and it decreases the symptoms of diabetes.

H. pylori is a spiral, microaerophilic gram negative bacterium, that multiplies and causes infection in human gastric mucosal layer. New approaches have focused on using specific treatments, such as immunotherapy, to eradicate this infection. Urease, as one of the most important virulent and antigenic factors of the bacterium, is a suitable target for this purpose. In this experimental study, after purification of bacterial genomic, 3’ segment of ureC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was ligated to pET28a. The recombinant protein was expressed followed by transformation of recombinant construct into E. coli BL21DE3. SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out and the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant protein was injected to hens. IgY recovered from egg yolk, was purified by aceton/chloroform precipitation. The purified IgY was analyzed by ELISA and SDS-PAGE. Sequencing of recombinant construct confirmed accuracy of cloning. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a good expression and purification of the recombinant protein rUreCc. ELISA observation demonstrated high immunogenicity of the recombinant protein. Production of rUreCc recombinant protein of H. pylori within E.coli, as host cell, provides an easy availability to antigen. In spite of recombinant antigen small size, its immunization potency is similar to total subunit of urease. Also, small size of recombinant protein has an important role in its stability, expression and purification.

Angiogenesis or new blood vessels generation is the most important factor affecting cell growth and proliferation in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF) is one of the important proteins for angiogenesis induction. In this study, placenta-derived PLGF-1 cDNA was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli expression system.

In this experimental study, the human placenta-derived PLGF-1 gene was amplified using specific primers and was cloned into pET32a and pET28a expression vectors. In order to express target protein, pET32a-PLGF-1 and pET28a-PLGF-1 constructs were transformed into E.coli Rosetta. PLGF-1 expression was induced by IPTG, and then the yield of expressed protein and its solubility was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting assay.

The pET32a-PLGF-1 and pET28a-PLGF-1 constructs were confirmed by sequencing. The bacterial lysates derived from IPTG-induced samples showed exact proteinand confirmed by western bloting. The majority of the expressed protein was insoluble.

The PLGF-1 is well expressed in Rosetta E.coli system and it could be used in different project.

Sore throat is a common problem after general anesthesia. This study compared the efficacy of intra-cuff dexamethasone, Magnesium Sulfate and placebo on sore throat. This was a randomized double blind clinical trial among 90 patients who underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation in Boo-Ali hospital in 2008. They were randomly assigned to receive either 16 mg of intra-cuff dexamethasone, or 50 milligram per kilogram of intra-cuff magnesium sulfate or intra-cuff air. The patients were evaluated after recovery, at the end of the day, and on the morning after surgery for sore throat and its severity, according to VAS. Statistic analysis was done by ANOVA and Chi-square tests. There was no significant difference between the incidence of sore throat after recovery, at the end of operation day, and on the morning after operation between three groups (P > 0.05), but there was significant reduction in sore throat severity in intra-cuff dexamethasone group on the day after operation (P < 0.05). Using intra-cuff dexamethasone or intra-cuff magnesium sulfate are not effective methods in decreasing incidence of post intubation sore throat, but using intra-cuff dexamethaone decreases sore throat severity.

Nickel-titanium (nitinol) can be used in various biomedical prosthetic devices. Microorganism adhesion properties of nitinol may be decreased by oxidizing agents and surface heat treatment. In this study, we compared the microorganism adhesion and cytotoxic effects of the thin film and bulk form of nitinol. In this analytical comparative study, thin film and bulk forms of nitinol were treated by microorganism suspension in different culture flasks. Adherence activity of these forms was studied by electron microscopy. The number of microorganisms was counted before and after adoption to the surface of alloy. On the thin film, a decrease rate of 14% for Ecoli, 44% for P.aeroginosia, 30.1%for S.aureus, 22% for B.cereus and 6.4% for C.albicans were noticed. In the bulk form, decrease rate of cells were 39% for E.coli, 62% for P.aeroginosa, 61.9% for S.aureus, 49% for B.cereus and 31% for C.albicans. There found lower decrease rate of cells of thin film compared with the bulk form (mean decrease rate of 39% for thin film and 62% for bulk form; P value<0.05). The thin film of nitinol has less cytotoxic effects in comparison with the bulk form. The lower adherence activity of the thin film can be attributed to smoothness and better biocompatibility of the thin film. This may be a promising alloy for development of medical prosthetic devices.

According to several manufacturers of povidone iodine solution in Iran, the quality of the commercially available povidone iodine solutions were evaluated according to the pharmacopeial criteria. The effect of dilution factor on the antibacterial action of the products was also investigated. In this experimental study, pH, contents of available iodine and iodide of the products were determined according to BP 2009 using sodium thiosulfate. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 and Pseudomona aeroginosa ATCC 28753, as the gram positive and gram negative indicator, were used in this study. The microbicidal activities of different dilutions (1, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, 1/60, 1/80, 1/100, 1/200 and 1/300) of domestic as well as imported brand products were evaluated in the periods of 15, 30, 60 and 120 seconds. All of the formulations were within the accepted pharmacopoeial limits. Bactericidal effect of the products increased with the degree of dilution, although the optimum dilution factor was different for each product. The most effective dilution titer was 1/10 in 15 seconds which was much better than the undiluted solution probably due to decrease in free iodine value which affects antibacterial activity of the product. Higher dilutiontiter was less effective. The dilution factor is a critical criterion in povidone iodone products to achieve its optimal antibacterial effects due to the variation of free iodine in individual commercially available products which could also affect their available iodine.

ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of children with prevalence of 5.29%, and lead as a neurotoxin is reported to cause abnormal behaviors. Differentiation of presentations of lead poisoning and ADHD may be impossible. This study aimed to compare blood lead level of children with ADHD and normal children. This case- control study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti and Azad University in Tehran. 100 healthy children who had come to the clinic for general growth check up were assigned as control group, while case group were 100 children with the diagnosis of ADHD, by Conner's method that were confirmed to have ADHD by pediatrics psychiatrist in psychiatric clinics. Blood lead level (BLL) was measured in all participants in fasting state. Minimum BLL in control group was 1.8μg/dl, while in children with ADHD was 2.9μg/dl. Maximum BLL were 24.1 and 18.6 μg/dl among controls and those with ADHD, respectively. Mean BLL was 7.189±3.186 μg/dl in controls and 7.2±2.365 μg/dl in cases. There was no significant difference in blood lead level between two groups (p=0.987). Although BLL was higher in ADHD children, but was not proven to be significantly higher in ADHD children.

Vaginal infections are the most common problem among gynecologic out patient visits. Vaginal candidiasis (VC), Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Trichomonas vaginitis(TV) are the three major type of lower genital tract infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of VC, BV and TV among an unselected population of Iranian women and find out the association between women’s symptom and their vaginal examination. Using the stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling method, with a probability in proportion to size procedure, 1100 women aged 18-45 years, were randomly selected from reproductive aged women living in urban areas from four randomly selected provinces of different geographic regions of Iran. Each woman underwent an evaluation, including standardized history, interview and pelvic examination. The WHO criteria were used for clinical diagnosis of VC, BV and TV. 45.9% of women had symptom of vaginal infections. The clinical examination revealed vaginal infection in 41.3% of women, among them VC, BV and TV constitute the 47.4%, 13.7%, 38.9% of infection, respectively. Reported symptoms that might be attributable to vaginal infection can be considered as a clue for early diagnosis and specific treatment in low income settings.

Life style has an important role on prevention or development of heart diseases, and it’s adjustment is effective in controlling the complications of these diseases, so that it can reduce up to 50% of premature mortality of disease. This is a comparative cross-sectional study in which lifestyle of 370 menopause women with coronary heart diseases and 400 healthy menopause women were studied. Sample selection was cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistically methods. The mean difference between the score of lifestyle of menopause women with coronary heart diseases and healthy menopause women was significant (p=0.001, t=3.41). The difference between the scores of food habits, physical activities and stress were statistically significant (p<0.05, t=3.68). But, the difference between the scores of cigarette smoking, ways to cope with stress and sleep and rest patterns were not statistically significant (p=0.707, t=0.377, p=0.370, t=0.898 and p=0.508, t=0.976, respectively). Also, there was a negative correlation between the score of lifestyle and risk of coronary heart diseases. Due to presence in carious social environments, nurses can play an effective role in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart diseases by correcting the patient’s lifestyles especially in the health level of the society.

RP (Retinitis Pigmentosa) is a genetic ophthalmic disease which affects patients in four ways categorized as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive and non-herritage. In this study, we studied different inherritance patterns of the disease and their relationship with other factors like consanginious mating. In this descriptive study, 866 patients from "Iran RP Center" were analyzed statically on gender, ethnicity, education, onset of the disease, rate of progression, parental consanguinity, inheritance and underlying syndromes. 866 patients (40.4% female and 59.6% male) were studied. The first visual problems in approximately 70% of the patients were started in the first two decades of life. The mean age at onset was 11.15 years. Mean age at onset in patients with consanguinious parents was 9.4 years, but 15.3 years among others. The disease progressed slowly in 81.8%, rapidly in 9.3% and remained stationary in 8.9% of cases. 72.3% of cases were offsprings of consanginious marriages. Inheritance categorised as 2.5% autosomal dominant, 57.4% autosomal recessive, 8.9% X-linked recessive and 31.2% simplex. 92.3% of patients had non-syndromic RP. Among others, 4% classified as Usher syndrome, 1.2% Bardet biedel and 0.8% Leber congenital amaurosis. This analysis showed that the main factor of prevalence of RP in Iran is consanguinity. Presentations start in young ages and offsprings of consanginious marriages are affected in younger ages than others. Ethnicity has no effect on prevalence of the disease. Autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is dramaically at low rates in our society compared with others. It seems that high proportion of consanginious marriages among the patient's parents which hasnt been reported to date, plays an important role in this fact.