فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 72، تابستان 1392)

Sodium azide is a chemical and toxic compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium azide on the viability of sperms and the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in mature male laboratory small mice. In this experimental study, 50 Balb/C male mice weighing 20-25g were divided into five groups (10 mice in each group). The animals were prescribed sodium azide for 60 days. Alternatively 5, 10 and 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of sodium azide were fed to the animals in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3. After the completion of treatment, serum values of testosterone, LH and FSH were measured. The viability of sperms was also studied. The number of sperms in three experimental groups showed significant decrease compared to the control and sham groups (p<0.001). Serum value of testostrone hormone showed dose- dependently significant decrease compared to the control and sham groups. The serum level of FSH in the experimental groups did not show any significant change compared to the control and sham groups. But, the serum level of LH in experimental groups receiving sodium azide 10, 20 mg/kg increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups (p<0.01). It seems sodium azide reduces serum level of testosterone and the number of sperms under the process of spermatogenesis in the animals.

Cerebral ischemia is known as a major problem in the world. Reperfusion following the ischemia ultimately leads to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Specific regions of the brain and certain types of neurons are more susceptible to cerebral ischemia، such as pyramidal neurons of CA1 region of hippocampus. Recently، using of immunophilin ligands has been considered to be a potential and appropriate strategy for neuroprotective and neurogenitor activity. Up to now، the right time of injection for providing the suitable effect on pyramidal cells of CA1 has not been assessed precisely. In this study، the neurotrophic effects of tacrolimus on CA1 cells were studied on 40 male Wistar rats in 8 experimental groups.

Ischemia model was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. For detecting the most appropriate time for 6mg/kg، Injection was done via single and double doses with intervals of 6، 24، 48 and hours.

the repeated doses of 6mg/kg with interval of 48 hours are the suitable dose and time of injection.

It seems that tacrolimus can be an appropriate strategy as a neurotrophic drug for treating brain ischemia.

The impact of genetic changes like Single nucleotide polymorphisms on expression rate and function of cytokine is under study. The aim of the present study was to determine TNF-α cytokine gene polymorphism -308 G/A association with the susceptibility to hepatitis C (HCV) chronic infection.

In this case-control study، 152 HCV infected patients and 164 healthy controls were studied. Genotyping was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and the distribution of the TNF-α Gene -308 G/A polymorphism was compared in these groups. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR employs two pairs of primers to amplify two alleles in one PCR reaction.

The frequency of the TNF-α gene polymorphism at position -308 in HCV patients was GG (88. 8%)، GA (11. 2%)، AA (0%) and in healthy controls was GG (75%)، GA (24%)، AA (0%) (OR=2. 626، 95%CI=1. 419-4. 860، P=0. 002). There was a significant difference in genotype or allele frequency between HCV patients and control group (P<0. 05).

Present study showed an association between TNF-α promoter polymorphism (-308) and hepatitis C in an Iranian population.

The previous studies have suggested that dietary supplementation ingredients and its appropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids can increase spermatogenesis and improve sperm quality in the domestic mammals and the chickens. In this study، Correlation of serum levels of testosterone، and anatomical and histomorphometrical indices of the testis with lipids and lipoproteins profile in the mice were evaluated. In this experimental study، 60 adult male mice were randomly selected. After animal euthanasia، blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by enzymatic method، lipoproteins were determined by precipitation method and testosterone was measured by radio immuno assay. Anatomical indices، including weight، scrotal circumference، length and width of the testis، were recorded. For histomorphometric study، the 5µ- sections were made and stained with Hematoxyline- Eosin. Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation tests. The serum levels of HDL-c were significantly correlated with the diameter of the leydig cells، testicular tubular area، germinal epithelium height، scrotal circumference and as well as serum levels of testosterone. Serum triglyceride and VLDL-c values were inversely correlated with the diameter of the leydig cells and germinal epithelium height. Furthermore، the serum triglycerides levels had significant positive correlation with the testis weight. Based on this study، anatomical and histomorphometrical indices of the testis correlate positively with serum levels of HDL-c and also inversely correlate with the triglycerides and VLDL-c values in the male mice.

Platelet concentrate (PC)، in the different times from collection until transfusion، undergo a considerable time period without agitation. The aim of this study was to compare the continuously agitated PCs in vitro properties، with non agitated PCs for 6 hours، just after termination of interruption in day3 of storage in Iranian blood transfusion organization (IBTO)، Tehran.

20 PCs were obtained from platelets pooled and divided into two groups. The first group designated as reference group with continuously agitating PCs; the second group or test group stored at stationary condition for 6 hrs under the same environment in the incubator. Day three was selected for evaluation، because PCs are transported to hospitals on the beginning of day three، the time that the agitation is interrupted. In-vitro variables، including pH، swirling، Ristocetin-induced aggregation، LDH (viability)، PF4 release and P- selectin expression (activation markers) were measured.

The mean level of pH in agitated and non agitated groups were 7. 16±0. 08 and 7. 22±0. 16، respectively (p=0. 3). Ristocetin-induced aggregation، LDH and swirling studies showed no significant differences between two groups، but 6h PCs showed less PFA release (p=0. 015) and P-selectin expression (p=0. 006) which was the important achievement.

According to findings of this study، especially for pH and swirling، 6hrs non agitated PC’s at 22-24 С has good quality compared with routine PCs.

Oxidative stress induces different diseases، such as diabetes، cancer، arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer. In this study، the antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis was investigated. In this experimental study، isoniazid، as an anti tuberculosis agent، has been used to induce free radicals. Male rats were used and divided in 9 groups; in each group، 7 rats were included. Isoniazid with dose of 50 mg/kg was orally administered to rats continuously once per day for 28 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. The treated groups received hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis with the doses of 100، 250 and 400 mg/kg intraperitonally، and the effects of the extract and isoniazid on liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST)، alanin aminotransferase (ALT)، alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gama glutamyl transferase (GGT) were studied. Serum levels of AST، ALT، ALP and GGT and also hepatic histopathologic observations indicated that the effective doses of Salvia officinalis extract were 100 and 250 mg/kg. This study showed that Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract is potentially effective in the reduction of damages caused by oxidative stress.

Viruses, such as human Papillomavirus (HPV), have been detected in benign breast tissues and breast tumors and are considered to be involved in the etiology of breast cancer, but there are controversial data on the meaning of viral induction of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Iranian patients with breast carcinoma. In this case- control study, paraffin-embedded sections from 64 female patients with breast carcinoma and 53 breast tissues from patients with fibrocystic disease, as control, were analyzed for presence of HPV DNA. Real-Time PCR was used to amplify consensus GP5+/GP6+ HPV sequences. HPV DNA sequences were detected in 3 of the 53 benign breast tissue samples, but none of the breast carcinoma samples was identified. Our analysis could not confirm a role of HPV in breast cancer.

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination of resistant pathogens in the environment. The objective of the present study was isolation and molecular identification of antibiotic resistant bacteria from the hospital sewage and investigation of the role of plasmid in resistance mechanism. In this experimental study, the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolated strains from hospital effluent samples were assayed by disc diffusion method. The selected isolate was identified by morphological and biochemical methods in accordance with Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Plasmid extraction was carried out by alkaline lysis technique and curing of plasmids performed by Ethidium bromide. Ten bacterial strains were isolated from hospital sewage. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that all of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. One of the isolates (ST1) was resistant to all of the tested antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Acinetobacter then designated as Acinetobacter sp. HM_C. Phylogenetically the closest relative of strain was Acinetobacter baumanni IARI-V-4. Curing experiments by Ethidium bromide caused the elimination of all plasmids. The sensitivity of the plasmid cured ST1 to gentamycin, and amikacin indicated that the genes encoding resistance to gentamycin, and amikacin were located on plasmid. Hospital effluents are important materials in dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria and their resistant genes into the environment.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disease in women. Because of unknown etiology of PMS, various medical treatments and clinical trials have been conducted to treat and prevent this syndrome. This research was performed to determine the effect of foot reflexology (reflex zone therapy) on the physical symptoms of premenstrual in students of girls hostels of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This single blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 120 students with PMS history. After confirming the PMS, through registry of daily status (Dickerson questionnaires) in two menstruation cycles, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups of actual and false zone therapy. Actual group received 30 minutes of the treatment once per week for 8 subsequent weeks. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, exact fisher test and repeated measurement of ANOVA using SPSS-ver15. Decreased menstrual symptoms were observed in 25.26 percent of cases in actual reflex zone therapy and 3.8 percent of cases in false zone therapy. Based on the results and attended to this symptom's spread, the necessity of attention to reflex zone therapy, as a substitute and complement treatment, is clear.

Weak performance of family and existence of illness like obsessive –compulsive may be with some consequences such as divorce and low quality of life. This study tried to answer this question that whether variables of marital satisfaction and quality of life have relation with obsessive -compulsive Tendency and life skill of students. In this correlational study, 225 students of payame Noor University were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Inrich marital satisfaction, Madesli obsessive-compulsive, life quality short form of international health organization and Nazari life skill questionnaire have been used for data collection. Marital satisfaction had positive and meaningful correlation with quality of life, life skill and negative and meaningful correlation with obsessive –compulsive tendency. Quality of life had positive and meaningful correlation with life skill and negative and meaningful correlation with obsessive –compulsive tendency. Obsessive-compulsive tendency had negative and meaningful correlation with life skill. The results of multiple regressions showed that life skill and obsessive–compulsive tendency are the most powerful variables in students to predict marital satisfaction and quality of life. According to the findings of the study, in order to increase marital satisfaction and quality of life, couples should increase life skill and decrease obsessive –compulsive disorder.

Diabetes is a serious chronic illness and needs end of life care behavior that its-reflect will be as a physical، mental and social disequilibrium. Also، self-concept is an overall view of him/her-self that encompass all the strengths and weaknesses of individual. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-concept and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes. This descriptive-correlation study was done on 280 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to clinic of diabetes in Imam Khomeini hospital at Ardebil. Data were gathered by questionnaires، including socio-demographic status، Farrell & Grant questionnaires and Beck’s self concept test. The data were analyzed using SPSS by descriptive analysis، Chi-square، and exact Fisher tests. Most patients with type 2diabetes had low self-concept (98 [34. 5%]) and low quality of life level (123 [43. 9%]). Results of chi-square test (P=0. 001) and Pearson correlation (r=o. 91) indicated that there was statistically significant relationship between quality of life and self-concept. Our study showed that self-concept and quality of life have direct and positive relationships. Then، we can modify and enhance the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes، increase their self-concept until they have a suitable self-care and be prevented the physical، emotional and psychological complications of diabetes.

Anxiety, stress, depression and weight problem are the main complications in developing countries that is growing up with growing Technology. Although, mental and weight problem is alerting process, it can effect quality of life or makes longer treatment for the patient’s challenge reduce of power and problem solving or social living and effect to health of Community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety, stress, depression and their relationship with BMI in nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch between 2010 and 2011. In this correlation study, 300 students of nursing were randomly selected. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire that completed by participants, included two parts: demographic characteristics (age, tall, weight) and DASS 21 standard questions related to anxious, stress and depression level. Most nursing students had no evidence of anxiety, high stress and depression, and also normal body mass index. There were no significant correlation between BMI and anxiety, stress level and depression. This study showed most nursing students had no evidence of anxiety, high stress and depression, and also normal body mass index. Also, there were no significant correlation between BMI and anxiety, stress level and depression.