فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 81، پاییز 1394)

Cancer is a complex condition in which gene expression is disrupted. Genetic factors involved in cancer pathology have been studied significantly. However, evidences have documented that a considerable fraction of susceptibility to cancer is not attributable to changes in protein coding sequences. Discovery and identification of a vast repertory of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with more than 200 nucleotides in human have been associated to unveiling their roles in tumorigenesis. Importance of lncRNAs, as either tumor suppressive or oncogenic agents, has been demonstrated in various common cancers. Recent studies indicate that several risk loci contributing to cancer pathogenesis are transcripted to lncRNAs which have critical roles in cancer incidence. Fundamental mechanisms of lncRNAs functions in a variety of gene expression levels involving epigenetic modification and transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation, as well as interaction of these RNAs with other critical molecules such as DNA and some of proteins with definitive roles in cell fate have been described previously in detail by authors. Since a remarkable part of cancer pathogenesis has been reported in related to lncRNAs, the current review article discusses about association of some lncRNAs with specific tumors, effects of lncRNAs on cancer incidence and their importance in providing diagnostic and prognostic opportunities.

Role of medicinal plants on enhancement of memory and improvement of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms has attracted many researchers. Salvia leriifolia has several properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety. At this study, effect of ethanolic extract of Salvia leriifolia leaf on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was evaluated. In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight subjects for investigating effect of Salvia leriifolia ethanolic extract on memory in normal rats and effective dose on scopolamine-induced memory impairment: control received saline, extract with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, scopolamine with 1 mg/kg dose, and scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and extract effective dose (200 mg/kg) co-administration. The memory was evaluated by passive avoidance test. The step-through latency (STL) for entering the dark compartment and time spent in dark compartment (TDC) were measured. Intraperitoneal injection of various doses of the extract caused significant difference in mentioned parameters. TDC was reduced in all groups treated by extract (p<0.001) and STL increased in doses of 100 (p<0.05) and 200 mg/Kg (p<0.001) than the control, significantly. Maximum effect on memory was shown in 200 mg/kg dose of extract. The effective dose of extract (200 mg/kg) enhanced memory and improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Salvia leriifolia extract has enhancing and improving effects on memory.

Morphine causes the development of dependence, which limits its usage for chronic pain. Morphine dependence is a compulsive pattern of drug seeking and drug taking, resulting from the positive reinforcement of the rewarding effects of drug taking and the negative reinforcement of withdrawal syndrome that accompanies the cessation of drug taking. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of caraway (Bonium persicum B.Fedtsch) ethanolic extract on acquisition and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.

In this experimental study, hot-plate test was used to survey morphine analgesic tolerance. Morphine was injected (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 7 days, except in 8th day in which morphine was administrated at a single dose (50 mg/kg, i.p.). The extract (300, 400, 500 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected daily for 8 days. Also, Naloxone was injected (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 hours after the final dose of morphine and the withdrawal signs including jumping, abdominal contraction, teeth chattering, grooming, diarrhea, and ptosis were recorded during a period of 30 minutes.

Caraway extract significantly attenuated both development and expression of morphine dependence. It significantly reduced jumping, abdominal contraction, teeth chattering, grooming, diarrhea, and ptosis.

These findings indicate effectiveness of caraway extract for management of morphine tolerance. Results of this study indicate that the plant contained component(s) that alleviate morphine withdrawal syndrome.

In this study, the effect of zinc ion binding on the structural changes and the stability of Amyloid beta protein on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease at the molecular level was investigated. This study was done by molecular dynamics simulation computations, using Gromacs 4.6.1 software and Amber03 force field and SPC216 water solvent model. By Root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD), the precision of simulation was investigated; and by means of other different analysis (e.g. DSSP, Hydrogen Bond numbers and Radius of Gyration), we found that in the presence of zinc ions before and after binding, the structure of this protein was significantly changed. The data analysis by DSSP indicated that Amyloid beta peptide loses much percentage of its helical structure as a result of binding with zinc ion’s. With increasing radius of gyration after binding metal ion, the protein loses its global structure and will be changed unfold. Also, the number of hydrogen bonds in amyloid beta peptide in the presence of zinc ions, is less than in the its absence. All of these results are strong reason for the less stability of the protein structure in the presence of zinc ions and it's decomposition in the brain (preventing of aggregation of Amyloid beta peptide) and dealying Alzheimer's disease, consequently.

Hospital infection is usually taken into consideration as a serious public health problem. A set of factors might give rise to the occurrence of these infections, including the presence of insects as the carriers of multidrug-resistant bacterial species. The present study, then, aimed to evaluate the contamination of cockroaches’ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its susceptibility pattern. In this descriptive study, over 100 cockroaches were collected and the bacterial culture of the outer and inner body was performed. MRSA was confirmed on the basis of standard methods and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Disk diffusion method was also used to specify resistance patterns according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. Of 100 samples, 44 (44%) sample were contaminated to S. aureus, and also 8 (18.18%) sample of 44 samples to MRSA. The overall resistance of isolated MRSA strains to antimicrobial agents turned out to be 8 (100%) for methicillin, 7 (87.5%) for cefixime and 6 (75%) for vancomycin. Cockroaches can transmit potential pathogenic bacteria; therefore their presence in hospitals should be regarded as a sanitation challenge. Then, it is recommended to arrange plans to fight these pests in hospitals.

This study investigated the relationship between psychological disorders with spiritual intelligence and introduced coping strategies of students of the Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Neyshaboor Branch. In this descriptive survey, 291 students studying at the Faculty of Human Sciences of Islamic Azad University were selected by simple random sampling and were evaluated by of SCL-90-R, spiritual intelligence of Abdullahzade questionnaires and Lazarus coping strategies. Statistical analysis of data was performed using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson product-moment and multiple regression analysis method. There were significant and negative relationship between psychosomatic disorders and spiritual intelligence and coping strategies of students (p<0.05). The results indicated a negative relationship between psychosomatic disorders and spiritual intelligence and coping strategies.

Living with a parent having cancer would be intolerable for their children. Adolescents usually encounter much more emotional problems than others and will be especially more affected during the period of passage from childhood to adolescence. Regarding the fact that these affects are varied depending on their family structure and culture, researchers decided to investigate the main problems of adolescents had a parent with cancer in Iran. This qualitative research with descriptive– explorative design was done on 27 participants. Semi-structured interviews were used for gathering data and constant comparative analysis method was used for analyzing. The main problems of adolescents who had parents with cancer were in seven themes, and among them psychological problems had the most codes, and in the theme of adolescent made of crystal we have described it in details. Psychological problems of adolescents having parents with cancer in Iran are the same as other countries with this difference that in Iran, we do not have educational- supportive program for reducing these problems; therefore necessary steps should be taken for preparing and implementing this program.

Infrastructure of increased productivity in universities requires emphasis on improving the quality of its faculty members and don’t updating of peoples in their profession, according to the quality of the course of advanced teaching methods. The present paper was performed aiming at content analysis of in service training curriculum in faculties of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, and comparing it with the approved topics.

In the descriptive survey research, faculty members and specialists of educational sciences group were studied. Sample size was calculated as 86 subjects by Morgan table and they were chosen by systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by author's questionnaire for which the stability was verified by Cronbach alpha of 0.839. One sample t test was used to analyze the data.

Correspondence of in service training of advanced teaching method was desirable according to approved topics of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical branch. According to participants’ view, each component of curriculum, including objectives, method, contents, and evaluation was significant and suitable. Also, the compliance of the elements of objectives, contents, method and evaluation in the curriculum of advanced teaching method were suitable and significant.

In order to increase quality and empowerment of faculty members, the content of courses in service training should be continually adapted by planners with the approved topics.

Nowadays, development and influence of technology in medical information and emergence of the extensive information have provided opportunity for the development of applying evidence-based medicine as a reasonable framework for decision making in medicine and it has attracted attention due to its importance. Aim of this study was to determine awareness, attitude, ability and facilities of evidence-based medicine in medical residents. In this study, 40 residents of hospitals of selected Medical Sciences Universities of Tehran were included in the study with proportional stratified random sampling in 2013. Data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 5 parts, such as demographic specifications and four criteria of awareness, attitude, evidence-based performance and its executive facilities. Validity of questionnaire was determined through content validity and internal consistency of the questions through Cronbach's alpha of 0.71. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Awareness of residents about evidence-based medicine was medium. Physicians had negative attitude toward evidence-based medicine. Ability of evidence-based medicine was undesirable and physicians sometimes had access to facilities of evidence-based medicine. Results showed that residents had low awareness with evidence-based medicine. Therefore, there is need for systematic education for awareness and execution of evidence-based medicine among residents.

diagnosis is very difficult, confusing and challenging. Delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis is potentially life threatening for mother. Case Report: In this report, a 27-year old woman complaining of abdominal pain and bleeding spotting with 3 weeks delay was referred to hospital. Diagnostic evaluations showed corneal heterotopic pregnancy. Corneal and oviduct was removed and the site was restored. Intrauterine pregnancy was aborted after a few days.

Because cornual pregnancies are located at the most richly vascularized area, any rupture can cause heavy bleeding, acute shock and death. So, cornual pregnancies need accurate diagnosis and urgent treatment.