فهرست مطالب

Physiology and Pharmacology
Volume:20 Issue: 1, Mar 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/04/03
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Hassan Niknejad, Ghasem Yazdanpanah, Mona Kakavand, Yasaman Lavaie Pages 1-4
    Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) possess unique characteristics, which make them a suitable source for cell-based therapeutic strategies. AECs have stem cell properties with low-immunogenicity (due to expressing HLA-G molecule and absence of MHC class I and II antigens) and no ethical problems, as well as availability in sufficient numbers, which can be obtained from a placenta. We have recently shown that the AECs have anti-cancer properties due to inhibition of angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest probably through inhibition of HSP90. Since the viability of AECs must be improved after in vivo administration in acidic microenvironment of tumor, we clarify here that low pH preconditioning of AECs would lead to more survival of implanted cells in tumor site as well as improved functional outcomes.
    Keywords: Amniotic membrane, Epithelial cells, Preconditioning, Cancer, Stem cell therapy
  • Sajjad Salari, Maryam Bagheri Pages 5-11
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders. Memory loss in an alert person and impairment in the function of language, attention, perception, judgment or problem solving can occur in patients with AD. However, there are some medications in order to delay the debilitating aspects of the disease; but unfortunately, scientists could not found approaches to cure this progressive problem. Hence, in order to investigate the exact mechanisms underlying the disease and to discover novel drugs that can slow the progress or alleviate the clinical symptoms of AD, producing a model which can express the most pathophysiologic and behavioral features of the disease is a desire. Nowadays, there are different animal models developed by use of pharmacologic agents and/or genetic manipulations. In this paper, we aimed to describe different animal models of AD, genetic and pharmacologic, that are mostly used by researchers.
    Keywords: Alzheimer\'s disease, Animal model, Pharmacologic model, Genetic model
  • Parichehr Hassanzadeh, Elham Arbabi, Fatemeh Atyabi, Rassoul Dinarvand Pages 12-23
    Introduction
    The therapeutic potential of anandamide (AEA) for the neurological disorders may be negatively affected by its short half-life or poor solubility. The superior properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for controlled drug delivery, prompted us to design AEA-CNTs complex and assess its effect in in vitro model of ischemic stroke.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, a multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs)-AEA complex was prepared using amino-functionalized COOH-MWCNTs and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PC12 cells in the presence of AEA (0.5, 1, 2 μg/ml), acid- or amine-modified MWCNTs, or MWCNTs-AEA complex (2, 5, 8 μg/ml) were exposed to 1 and 3 h oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 h re-oxygenation. In vitro cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated using three-way ANOVA.
    Results
    AEA immobilization on the aminated MWCNTs was confirmed. OGD significantly reduced cell viability (P0.05). MWCNTs-AEA complex was effective at both time points (MDA and GSH: P
    Conclusion
    Aminated MWCNTs are suitable carriers for AEA and provide longer- lasting effects against OGD insult.
    Keywords: Anandamide, Carbon nanotubes, Ischemic stroke, Oxidative stress
  • Sedigheh Khodsooz, Jamal Moshtaghian, Mehdi Eivani Pages 24-30
    Introduction
    Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of the endocrine system leading to increased blood glucose concentration in the patients. As a basic treatment for managing the blood glucose level, insulin or hypoglycemic medications are used but herbal medicines are more favored. The design of this research project was to study the therapeutic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis (HEMO) in diabetic rats.
    Methods
    Twenty-five Wistar male rats weighing 220±25 grams were distributed semi-randomly into five groups of five each. Group 1 and 2 was respectively the control and diabetic animals. Group 3, 4 and 5 were the diabetic animals treated with HEMO either at 20, 100 or 500 mg/Kg of body weight. To induce diabetic rat models, each animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at the dose of 120 mg/Kg. All treatments with HEMO performed daily via gavage for a period of 4 weeks. Then, blood samples were collected from all animals to measure the blood glucose level, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL.
    Results
    The results of this study indicated significant (P
    Conclusion
    HEMO has significant effects on attenuating the blood sugar level, serum lipids and lipoproteins levels, whereas it improves the HDL level. These effect might be attributed to the antioxidant benefits of flavonoids which are present in HEMO.
    Keywords: Diabetes, Hydroalcoholic Extract, Melissa Officinalis, Alloxan, Rat
  • Mohammad Reza Khazdair, Reza Mohebbati, Sareh Karimi, Abbasali Abbasnezhad, Milad Haghshenas Pages 31-37
    Introduction
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Curcuma longa (C. longa) extract on Adriamycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.
    Methods
    Animals were divided in six groups: Control (CO), Adriamycin (ADR), Adriamycin with Vitamin C (ADR嘫), Vitamin C (Vit C), C. longa with Adriamycin (CL4) and without Adriamycin (CL-ADR). Hepatotoxicity was induced by Adriamycin 5mg/kg and rats were treated with C. longa 1000 mg/kg and Vitamin C 100 mg/kg , per day, orally for 4 weeks.
    Results
    In the liver tissue of ADR group, Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level was increased significantly compared to CO group, (p
    Conclusion
    The results showed that chronic administration of C. longa hydroalcoholic extract in Adriamycin-induced hepatotoxic rats could decrease the oxidative stress injuries in the liver tissue.
    Keywords: Adriamycin, Curcuma longa, Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative stress, Hydroalcoholic extract, Rat
  • Maryam Pourmir, Parvin Babaei, Bahram Soltani Tehrani Pages 38-47
    Introduction
    Kisspeptin-13 (KP-13) is a novel endogenous factor, increases synaptic transmission and is involved in several behavioral functions such as anxiety, locomotion, epilepsy and avoidance learning. However, the role of this peptide on cognition has not been well clarified yet. Here we studied the effect of kisspeptin-13 pretreatment on spatial learning and also interaction with cholinergic and adrenergic systems.
    Methods
    Eighty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups: saline saline; saline STZ; KP-13 STZ; propranolol STZ; prazosin STZ; atropine STZ; saline KP-13 STZ; propranolol KP-13 STZ; prazosin KP-13 STZ; atropine KP-13 STZ. Streptozotocin (STZ) (3mg/Kg) was administrated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v), kisspeptin-13 was infused (1μg/2μl, i.c.v) 30 minutes before STZ and antagonists were infused (i.p) 30 minutes before kisspeptin-13. Memory performance was measured 14 days after STZ injection using Morris Water Maze (MWM) consisting of 4 blocks and one probe tests.
    Results
    Pretreatment with kisspeptin-13 ameliorated acquisition (p = 0.001) and retrieval of memory impaired by STZ (P = 0.011). Moreover, we found that injection of atropine, but not propranolol or prazocin was able to reverse the memory enhancement caused by kisspeptin-13 (P = 0.037).
    Conclusion
    Our findings indicate that facilitatory action of kisspeptin-13 on the spatial learning and memory in STZ-induced Alzheimer’s is mediated, at least in part, through cholinergic systems.
    Keywords: kispeptin, Spatial memory, Adrenergic system, Cholinergic system, Streptozotocin
  • Elliyeh Ghadrdan, Moslem Najafi, Sevda Mikaily Mirak, Tahereh Eteraf, Oskouei Pages 48-56
    Introduction
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on the angiogenesis and inflammatory parameters in air pouch model of inflammation.
    Methods
    Inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan into pouches in male Wistar rats. Oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 μg) was administered intra pouch at the same time as the carrageenan and then for 2 consecutive days. After 72 h, the pouches fluid was collected to determine exudates volume, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1ß) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. Then, the pouches were dissected out, weighed and the hemoglobin concentration was assessed.
    Results
    All three doses of oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 μg) significantly decreased volume of exudates (P
    Conclusion
    Oxytocin has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits cell influx and exudation to the site of the inflammatory response. The anti-angiogenesis effect of oxytocin may be related to the local inhibition of VEGF levels as similarly shown by diclofenac.
    Keywords: Oxytocin, Air Pouch, Inflammation, VEGF, Angiogenesis
  • Seyyed Ali Mard, Hajar Godarzinejad, Mahin Dianat Pages 57-62
    Introduction
    It has been reported the alkaline response of pancreas to duodenal acidification is partly mediated through duodenal release of H2S, but till now the effect of duodenal acidification on gastric H2S release has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study designed to evaluate the effects of duodenal acidification on gastric H2S release and level of mRNA expression of cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE).
    Methods
    Twenty four rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (8 in each). They were control, pH2-, and pH3-treated groups. Under anesthesia, animals underwent midline laparotomy. Neutral isotonic saline or acidic isotonic solutions (pH=2 or 3) were injected in the duodenum 1 cm just below the pyloric sphincter. Ninety minutes after beginning the experiment, animals were sacrificed, stomachs ligated at lower esophageal sphincter and 2 ml saline infused in the stomach through pylorus and then gastric content was drained for measuring the pH. Two samples of gastric mucosal tissue were quickly snap-frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for measuring the mucosal H2S concentration using ELISA kit and quantifying the mRNA expression of CSE by quantitative real-time PCR.
    Results
    Duodenal acidification with acidic solution (pH=2) increased the gastric release of H2S and upregulated mRNA expression of CSE in gastric mucosa. The gastric mucous content was significantly increased in response to duodenal application of acidic solutions with pH2 and 3.
    Conclusion
    Our findings indicated the stimulatory effect of duodenal acidification on gastric H2S release and mucous content is mediated through upregulation of CSE mRNA expression.
    Keywords: Duodenal acidification, Cystathionine gamma lyase, H2S
  • Nuredin Bakhtiari Pages 63-73
    Introduction
    Satellite cells are known as the main regenerative cell type in skeletal muscles. Our study established a modified digestion and preplating method for the isolation of slow or weak adherent cells for the enrichment of satellite cells. Low-survival rate of these primary stem cells prompted us to address whether cell culture medium substitution might change cell viability status.
    Methods
    Skeletal muscle from 10-day-NMRI mice was gently isolated, dissected and digested by collagenase type I, IV and dispases. The isolated cells were verified by cellular (immunocytochemistry and flow-cytometry) and molecular (real-time PCR) techniques and the results were compared with sub-cultured cells (non-preplated cells) to determine the efficiency of preplating technique as a common isolating procedure of satellite cells. All data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and One Away ANOVA test.
    Results
    The isolated cells exhibited a close gene expression pattern with satellite cells for self-renewal and fusion phases. The findings revealed that Pax7 as a self-renewal marker was expressed ~ 201.4 times higher than sub-cultured-group. Moreover, the findings obviously indicated that substitution of α-MEM to DMEM cell culture medium improves the survival rates of the cells.
    Conclusion
    Our results recommend that preplating technique is a useful procedure for the isolation of satellite cells. In addition, it seems that substitution of culture medium paves the way for investigators to seek various therapeutic methods for skeletal muscle-related disorders such as skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), sarcopenia, diabetes and aging.
    Keywords: Skeletal Muscle, Satellite cells, Preplate technique, PAX7