نشریه کتاب نقد
پیاپی 67-68 (تابستان و پاییز 1392)

In this article, the author poses the pathology of Ashura poetry and the role of relevant damages in the scopeof content:1. Highlighting "Atash" (Thirst) in the epic of Ashura2. Myth-making vs. exemplar-making3. Worshiping the infallibles4. Lauding and eulogizing, and neglecting the enemy-studies5. Expressing inability and imploration by Ahl al-Bayt (the HouseholdofProphet Mohammad)6. Excess and Negligence in expressing humbleness to Ahl al-BaytAfter pathology, the author criticizes the poem "raaz-e Rashid" by SeyyedHassan Hosseini.

After providing a concise definition of "satire" and characteristics of satirical poems and words, the author goes on with several instances for satire in Ashura poetry. In the present article, the subject-matter categorization being analyzed are: complaining about the inverted function of world, criticizing the disloyalty of people and their conduct -especially those of Kufa, and blaming and criticizing the villains.

With regard to "Ghazal-e Marsiye" poem books (by "Aram-e Del" pub.), multiple problems of the poems are studied and perused in this article. First, the problems in prosody and rhymes with a number of instances are posed. Second, the weak authorship and unexpressive language is discussed about with various instances. In the third section, wrong uses of terms and expressions are presented. Finally, the semantic difficulties, creating unsuccessful poetic images, and disregarding politeness to speak about religious dignitaries are studied and criticized.

Zainab is a great lady in Islam, titled as the "judicious lady of Bani-Hashem", the manifestation of virtues and perfections and the leader for the conveyance of the message of Aushura's movement. Although there are many books and articles written about her Divine personality and position, but there are not enough works, as it deserves, in her epitome of poetry and literature, which is another manifestation of her Divine personality. There are many non-researched points in this regard. Reviewing the history of Islam, it becomes clear that she is one of the most eloquent people of her time. Considering the poems and lectures assigned to her, and also her attention to poem shows her dominance on the literature of her time. The presence of this great lady in the Arab, Persian and other nation's encomiums and eulogies of poets shows another aspect of her undeniable effect on literature. Not only this regard has not been decreased rather it has been increased over time. A great number of poems about Zainab are present in the art of 'tazieh' which is a versified show, with many sessions, known as the Shiite's drama and tragedy.

This inquiry is to present the negative characters of Ashura movement in Persian poetry. These felonious characters such as Yazid, Omar bn. Sad, Shimr and Khouli had either a direct or indirect role in the horrible crimes and events of Ashura at Karbala.

Subsequent to a brief survey of the Ashura poetry in 4periods of Persian literature, the poems of Garmarudi are analyzed here in three dimensions: as "developing characters", "characterization" and "describing characters" in the realm of Ashura characters. Other dimensions of the article are the poet's regard to knowing the enemy (the enemy-studies) and his philosophical views on Ashura.

The first part of this article is a brief analysis of the eras of the Aushuraian poetry, from the time of Aushura until the eraof Pahlavi. Then the characteristics of the Aushuraian poetry of the Islamic revolution era and the parameters involved in their poems are discussed and analyzed. Another part of this article mentions the different forms of the Aushuraian poetry and then criticizes and investigates the distortions and presents some examples of the distortions. Finally I will mention some spurious,insulting and false points in elegies and laments and will present some solutions for the poems and laments.