فصلنامه مدرس علوم انسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، زمستان 1388)

One of the effective factors of social responsibility and achievement of organizations is considering at which values and implementing them in work settings. The important issue is the rate they constitutionalist ethical principles in the organizations and having commitment to these principles. By implementing these values, instinctive direction of individuals and the society will be directed towards the right way. Therefore, today the manager's functions such as response to social needs and the demands of fellow citizens, foreign and domestic customers and stakeholders are considered important. Commitment to social responsibility needs exercising and In this path, there is a need for self-purifications. This research was conducted in Rafsanjani Public Organizations. The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between theoretical, aesthetics, social, political and religious values roles of social responsibility. No significant relationship was found between economic values and acting roles of social responsibility.

The main aim of this work was to investigate the role of the three parameters of organizational culture, budgetary participation, management accounting systems in the improvement of managers’ performance, and also to explain their effects on each other. The results showed that there is a relation between budgetary participation, management accounting systems and managers performance. They also confirmed the detrimental effect of organizational culture on this relationship. It was concluded that in high power-distance and collectivist organizations or societies, budgetary participation will not lead to the improvement of manager's performance, even if sufficient management accounting information is at hand. But there is a positive relationship between the manager's performance and management accounting systems in low-power and individualist organizations and societies.

The banking sector is becoming increasingly competitive throughout the world. This is particularly true in the area of small-medium business banking. Further, the core and actual products being offered to bank customers could be considered reasonably homogenous. Consequently, there is an increased need for banks to differentiate themselves from their competitors. One way to achieve this goal is to develop longer-term relationships with their key customers. Probably, the most important component of such successful relationships is development of trust. In this applied survey research, 304 key customers of Karafarin Bank completed a questionnaire to identify factors that are most effective in developing their trust. Applying an explorative factor analysis method, the collected data were analyzed and 10 most important such factors were identified. These factors include: useful consultations; employees, as bank surrogates; complementary services; bank image in customers’ minds; readiness to respond to the customers; technologies and processes; customers’ past experiences; good relationships with the customers; service flexibility and complaints handling systems.

Today, firms depend on technology transfer to establish competitive advantage in the global market place. Since the failure rates in TT projects are surprisingly high, special attention should be given to the identification of factors leading to ineffectiveness of TT projects and factors facilitating TT effectiveness. One of the most important factors affecting TT success is the organization’s competence in dealing with the newly transferred technologies. Every organization must somehow modify its structure, resources and culture to adapt the new technologies. In this paper, we first identified all the significant indicators representing organizational competence and TT effectiveness in Iranian firms. Then we measured the effect of each of organizational competence indicators on TT effectiveness in Iranian electrical manufacturing firms.

In spite of mach emphasize on consuming domestic products and encouraging the consumers for doing so, a methodological research that can measure the tendency of consumption of domestic products and be comparable with international researches, has not been done so far. In this paper, with introducing the CETSCALE, as an international index, the level of tendency of consumption of domestic products was measured in a sample of 400 consumers in Tehran (Iran) and the obtained results were compared with those of the other areas in different countries, where similar researches have been done. Then the impact of this tendency on evaluating domestic and foreign products in different product categories and tendency to import from other countries was examined in the aspect of economic, cultural, religious and political similarity. Primary results indicated that consumers with high CET evaluate domestic products more favorably than consumers with low CET. On the other hand, high CET consumers do not evaluate domestic product better than foreign products.

Researchers that have analyzed the digital divide complain about the lack of a standard set of indicators, which appropriately measure the digital divide between countries, Their statistics can be collected by the majority of countries and serve as a basis and a standard for internationally comparable information society statistics. In this article, a framework of these indicators, which are called “core indicators of digital divide”, is presented that can narrow the ICT data and statistics divide through formulating standards and synchronizing ICT statistics throughout the world. To extract the core indicators, we are encountering the limitations of the nonexistence of data for some indicators in the majority of countries. Such a limitation does not allow us to apply the statistical methods to extracting the core indicators of digital divide. To overcome this problem, the information and the knowledge of 45 digital divide models were employed as expert's opinions to extract the core indicators. To do so, the entropy method was used and the importance of these models was considered. Finally, comparing the previous global core indicators of digital divide and the proposed ones, it was revealed that the global core indicators ignored three important dimensions: e-learning e-government, and networked world enablers.

There are several methodologies for building theory in organization and management study. The purpose of this study is to compare four methodologies: Dubin, Christensen & Carlile, Lynham and Van de Ven. Therefore, all methodologies were compared based on underling paradigm, type of approach and the relationship between researcher and practioner. It seams that, Dubin’s methodology has regorous steps for building theory, but applicable as pact of methodology for practioners is highlighted. However, all of the mentioned methodogies are based on Organizational context and have appropriate applications.

Lately, organizations have become increasingly aware of the value of managing their organizational learning and knowledge. Thus researchers have investigated those processes extensively. Still something is missing in the current discussions of organizational knowledge: organizations do not just learn; they also forget. Knowledge management is creating processes not only for learning and retaining what is important but also for avoiding or unlearning what is not important. Forgetting, like learning, is not simple: it may be detrimental or beneficial, accidental or purposeful. By the way, in all cases, it can significantly affect, in both negative and positive ways, the competitiveness of an organization. In the present study, in addition to the investigation of concept and forms of organizational forgetting, we studied the relationship between purposeful organizational forgetting and charismatic leadership and determined of the amount of organizational forgetting, due to strategic importance of purposeful organizational forgetting. The data necessary for this study were through questionnaires that were given to 165 top and middle managers and supervisors in the supply chain of Iran automobile industry. Correlation analysis of data by chi-square test showed that there is a significant relationship between every dimensions of purposeful forgetting (new and established knowledge) and charismatic leadership.

Globalization of economy, increase in competition and dynamical changes of environment are the reasons that knowledge productions have a considerable share in organizational production. Planning for knowledge products is not an easy task because of intangibility of the nature of knowledge itself. Product classification helps in better planning and decision making because of knowing in advance characteristics of each class. In this paper, the goal is to present a model for classification of knowledge products. To do so, we first present briefly the knowledge production process. Then, knowledge production will be classified through data processing. The type of knowledge production is then expressed in a two- dimensional model; readiness rate of data is one dimension and specification of data processing is another dimension. We then verify similarity of each class by production factors extracted from the literature in our case studies. We further specify four classes of knowledge production for some jobs. Finally, the detailed characteristics and similarities of each class are fully discussed.

Strategic planning, whereby managers establish organization’s long-term direction, set specific performance objectives and develop strategies to achieve them in the light of relevant internal and external circumstances, is now generally recognized and widely accepted. The life-cycle concept has long been recognized as a valuable tool for analyzing the dynamic evolution of products (SBU’s) and industries in the market place. Therefore, in this research, a fairly structural methodology to guide strategic choices based on the life-cycle concept and the business portfolio matrix, suggested by Arthur Little, was used to formulate the strategies for certain products of a regional co-operative company in the city of Mashhad. In using this matrix, selected products of the company were considered as independent SBU’s. Then the stages of individual products life-cycle were deliberately determined employing market share and qualitative categories as suggested by Little. For this purpose, a sample of 97 home appliances retailers were randomly selected from a population of 931 using proportional sampling. Calculated market share along with subjective and qualitative categories were then used to assess the life, stage of individual products and to address their corresponding competitive position. Following the positioning of portfolio of products in the life-cycle matrix, appropriate strategies for each product were identified using conceptual aids of families of thrusts (Prove Viability, Natural Development,), specific thrust (Turn around, Growth, Gain position gradually, Renew, Startup) and generic strategie as suggested in the model.