مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال نوزدهم شماره 187 (هفته اول و دوم فروردین ماه 1395)

Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical, mental and mood symptoms that occurs in the luteal of the menstrual cycle. Calcium supplement as an inexpensive and uncomplicated treatment prevents of many premenstrual stress. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of calcium supplement on severity of physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
This double blind clinical trial study was performed on 64 female students diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data collection tool were demographic information questionnaire, standard form of provisional diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome, and checklist of premenstrual syndrome daily recording. Intervention was performed as administration of 500 mg of calcium per day orally for two menstrual cycles in the experimental group and administration of placebo in control group. The questionnaires were completed at baseline questionnaires, at the end of first and second months after the intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 20).
P All physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (headache, back pain, leg pain, depression, irritability, general pain and abdominal pain) except cramps significantly reduced in the first cycle of calcium consumption. Also, all physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (cramps, headache, back pain, leg pain, depression, irritability, general pain and abdominal pain) significantly reduced in the second cycle of calcium consumption (P Calcium reduces the physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. So, calcium can be used as a safe and effective drug to reduce the physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Due to increased life expectancy and a growing elderly population, sexual and physical problems related to menopause are important from the health point of view. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of combined inhaler aromatherapy (lavender, fennel, geranium and rose) in reduction of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women.
This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 120 postmenopausal women aged 45-55 years referring to health centers of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 60 cases: aroma solution users and aroma placebo users and they received 2-3 drops of inhaler aroma solution or aroma placebo on the skin of forearm, 3 times a day for 6 weeks. The data collection tool was a questionnaire included socio-demographical characteristics and female sexual function index (FSFI). The primary outcome was the mean score of sexual function after intervention in the study groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and covariance analysis test, chi-square, for trend chi-square, and One-way ANOVA tests. The analysis was done based on intention-to-treat.
P Mean total score of sexual function at baseline in aromatherapy, and placebo groups were 18.4±5.4 and 15.8±5.7, respectively that increased to 22.9±3.3 and 17.2±4.2 in aroma and placebo groups, respectively after intervention. Covariance analysis test by controlling the effect of confounding factors showed significant differences in total score (P Combined inhaler aromatherapy improves sexual function in postmenopausal women.

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes type II. The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing in most parts of the world especially developing countries and this is an important factor for increased mortality and morbidity and complications and prevalence in the whole world. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effects of eight weeks of combined training exercise with and without pomegranate concentrate consumption on metabolic syndrome indexes in middle-aged obese and overweight women.
This semi-experimental practical study was performed on 24 middle-aged obese and overweight women at Mashhad in 2015. They were randomly divided into two groups of combined exercise (E) and combined exercise with pomegranate concentrate consumption (EPC) and each group consisted of 12 cases. The aerobic exercise was conducted with 60-80% an intensity of Maximal Heart Rate (HRmax), and resistance exercise and working with weights with intensity of 60-80% of One Repetition Maximal (1-RM) were performed. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance 24 hours before exercise and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 20) by Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, dependent and independent t-test. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Maximum amount of oxygen consumed (VO2max) was increased significantly in both E and EPC groups (P0.05). However, insulin resistance showed a significant decrease in both groups (E and EPC) (P 0.05).
Eight weeks of combined exercise (aerobic and resistance) with pomegranate concentrate can significantly affect glucose, insulin and insulin resistance levels, so can be useful in improved metabolic syndrome indexes and cardiovascular and respiratory endurance.