دو فصلنامه آموزش زبان و ادبیات
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 37، تابستان 1393)

The present study has investigated the relationship between syntactic issues and discourse issues. In order to conduct the study about 1000 sentences, from ten formal Persian written texts have been chosen. Then, the subject-position noun phrases have been analyzed and studied in terms of "assumed familiarity ". The content analysis of the sentences indicates that the "textually / situationally-evoked" noun phrases that are known to the hearer include 88.5% of the subject-position noun phrases. Moreover, the study shows that 11.5% of the subject – position noun phrases carry the unknown noun phrase markers, that is, unknown to the hearer. Therefore, it can be concluded that the subject- position noun phrases of standard Persian written texts are of high "assumed familiarity" to the hearer and often carry the old information.

In this paper there is a brief explanation of ‘love’ according to different philosophers and great mystics such as Ahmad Ghazali, MollaSadra’s collection of poems and book of ‘asfar’, Araghi, Fozuli, Mowlana, Hafiz and Bahram Toossi’s Karim and Karam, book of poems. Love has also been explained from two different mystical and philosophical points of view. In mystical point of view, love exists in all living creatures, plants even in inanimate objects. In fact, love is the essence of existence. Love actually is the remedy for moderation, friendship and brotherhood which can help to bring different religions, nations and people of different colors closer to each other and can create peace and cooperation between human beings. Finally, MollaSadra’s special points of view will be explained on the basis of his poems.

This study aimed to explore the effect of recast vs. metalinguistic feedback on word stress and sentence stress. Forty-five young EFL learners were selected and divided into three groups including control and experimental groups. Homogenizing groups was done according to their scores obtained in Key English Test. The scores of pre-test were gathered by a checklist prepared by the researcher. Treatment was carried out in the form of supplying recast and metalinguistic feedback to the experimental groups. Post-test scores were collected by a counterbalanced form of the first checklist. Data analysis was done through calculating ANCOVA. The results revealed the experimental groups improved in comparison to the control group. Moreover, recast and metalinguistic feedback improved word stress ability of the learners to the same degree. It is found out those learners who received recast demonstrated high improvement in their sentence stress in comparison to the learners who received metalinguistic feedback.

The personal statement as an academic professional genre and an important document for admission process in professional graduate programs has received little attention from researchers and little instruction has been given about it in academic writing courses. The author conducted a discourse analysis on 20 (10 males and 10 females) master's students in teaching English language in which students are asked to write a personal statement describing their reasons for pursuing the chosen field of study. For conducting this study descriptive method and text division for move analysis was utilized. Five recurrent moves were identified, namely, explaining reason to pursue the chosen field, stating relevant work experience, stating their personal belief about teaching, enumerating their personal traits, and stating future career goal.

One of the Vygotsky’s contributions to education was the emergence and development of Dynamic Assessment (DA). Dynamic Assessment as an approach to understanding and developing learners’ learning abilities stresses the need for unifying assessment and instruction. This study investigates the effect of dynamic assessment on improving grammar (simple past and past perfect) learning. The participants of this study were 60 female pre-intermediate Iranian EFL learners who were randomly assigned into two groups: control and experimental. Three instruments were used in this study: Preliminary English Test (PET), a pre-test, and a post-test. Each session during the treatment, both groups took a grammar test in which the experimental group received mediation on test items. The results of the students’ performance before and after the implementation of DA were computed through t-test. The results indicated significant improvement in student performance after the implementation of DA procedures to the experimental group. Findings of the study made us conclude that mediation by teachers within DA framework may be more helpful for the learners to develop their grammar learning ability than traditional non-dynamic approaches.

Attempting to have an ethical life is one of the important demands that makes everyone think about it and we cannoteasily disregard it. It is so essential and has diversity of answers because different notions of having the ethical life eventually give augment to different conceptions of what is correct and incorrect.Blacks and whites influence each other in day-to-day relationships and must interact in a variety of conditions but it contains at least a minimal level of communication and cooperation.We know that the problems of race and racism will never finish butLevinas’smoral philosophy thatis known as “Alterity” deals with the concepts of responsibility, the encounter with the face-of-the-Other, the responsibility from this encounter and the reaction to this responsibility resists the question of race and racismandoffers individuality and the ways of having an ethical life. In this paper the researcher focused on the racial problems and white peoples’ responsibility for blacks’ inferiority within the framework of Levinasian Ethics of Alterity. This research work also intends to examine familial and social relationships of white characters of Richard Wright's Native Sonin order to find whether their relations are ethical or not and from excerpts in the novel it will be demonstrated that whites are somehow responsible for black's situations.