فصلنامه آموزش مهندسی ایران
پیاپی 61 (بهار 1393)

The internal and external academic interactions of academic pillars, such as the academic staff and students can be the cause that we look at the knowledge-sharing between the processes of knowledge management in university. In the current decade, the process of knowledge sharing among academics has been raised as a subject and field of studies in higher education literature. This study is an attempt to examine the factors affecting knowledge sharing behavior from the viewpoint of academics. The research population studied consisted of fulltime academics of engineering and non engineering academic universities in Tehran. We randomly selected 227 academic members according for the survey. The research instrument was made by the researcher. The reliability of scale Cronbach's alpha was 0.903. Pearson correlation test, T test and ANOVA were used to analysis data. The results showed that in academic contexts the quality of knowledge donating was better than the quality of knowledge collecting. Academics in engineering group were better than others in constructive written interactions. Academics in engineering group were better than social science group in personal and networked interactions.

What is creativity? Who is considered a creative person? Can creativity be learned? What is the role of creativity in engineering profession? These are some questions that often come to mind. Different definitions have been proposed for creativity, but most of them consider creativity as development of something new and valuable. This in fact is the main goal of engineering design, which is the fruit of engineering practice. Extensive researches show that creativity does have not strong ties with one’s age, knowledge, and intelligence but on the proper environment and willingness of an individual to become creative. In Iran, engineering education emphasizes critical thinking and pays less attention to creative thinking. In this paper, after reviewing different schools of thought on personal and group creativity, a couple of guidelines for development of creative thinking in engineering students are presented.

Continuing changes in science and technology necessitate the development of high-quality interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary branches in engineering education. In this article, with regard to other countries approaches and experiences, a methodology to develop and improve such academic education is proposed. The framework of this methodology is based on the generalization of Z models (course chain), knowledge area and knowledge unit model developed by ACM and IEEE, and defining a balanced and cohesive body of knowledge, named PADMEH. The required knowledge to enter such interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary courses has been proposed such that it prevents establishing low-quality degrees in higher education programs. The first part consists of defining standards, common concepts and differences of pre-disciplinary, disciplinary, and post-disciplinary in academic education. After that, the detailed description of proposed methodology, along with sufficient references, courses and thesis outlines, operational structure of administrative bodies, and minimum requirements of applicants, are been mentioned.

Universities are the most important drivers for the development of countries. Regarding their roles in human education and training, universities have been considered in decision and policy making. The role of technology universities in entrepreneurship and innovation development and also in economic/technological progress is remarkable. So it is expected that Iranian technology universities be prominent actors in country,s development. These universities are not separated from environmental changes in higher education field. Therefore national and international changes play important role in their acts. Technology universities have to consider national needs to improve knowledge and human skills on the one hand and international competitiveness on the other. In this research we attempted to propose a model of policy for technology universities. The research exploited document content analysis, trend analysis and workshop method to extrapolate important trends.

From the protocol of design studies, information is obtained of the third semester (B.A) students of University of Tehran in a two groups of interactive training and creative to jointly work on a same architectural design. The data are used to develop and analyze expertise model design process production. Data protocol design and expertise model to identify four various cognitive strategies are used. Solution-driven strategy, problem-driven, data-driven and knowledge-driven activities, repetition of the skill and the results of the evaluation of judges as the overall score and creativity are compared. The results show that the designers who take the solution-driven strategy gain overall scores and scores of high creativity and the students in using problem-driven gain low overall scores and almost high scores for their creativity. The data-driven students gain relatively high overall scores and lower scores for their creativity. To assess reliability, a second group with a creative approach in teaching students the cognitive strategy is analyzed. The results are comparable with the first group, especially in the solution-focused strategy; the creative solution-driven strategy is closely related. In this paper empirical evidence gathered from different strategies and strategies designed to yield the quality of the results (solution concepts) are related by the designer interest.

This study aimed analyses the quality of internship courses’ outcomes in Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources located in Mollasani, Ahwaz. A survey method has been used. The study population included all senior agricultural engineering undergraduate students who had passed the internship course and registered for 2012-2013 academic year at Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (N=235). By using Morgan’s table the sample size was determined (n=145). The sample was chosen through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was conducted and confirmed using Cronbach`s alpha 0.96. The findings showed that quality of internship courses’ outcomes was relatively high. Factor analysis summarized internship courses’ outcomes in four factors namely: cognitive development, awareness of career opportunities, and organizational rules and regulations, strengthen behavior professional – social, and improving job skills. These four factors totally explained 66.35 percent of internship courses’ outcomes variance.

Aljazzari is one of the most famous Iranian scientists through the centuries. He was a capable mechanical engineer whose works are still fascinating even to engineers. He specialized in different branches of mechanical engineering such as fluid mechanics, machine design and robotics. As a matter of fact he may be regarded as the father of today's robotics. Among his works, fountains, pumps, and water clocks are the most outstanding. Pump turbine is one of his master pieces which was selected as a subject of research project at the Mechanical Engineering Research Center of the Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST). This machine consists of a water wheel which run by the flow of a stream or a river. It drives a pump which actually consists of a pair of gears to transfer power from the turbine and drive a quick return slider mechanism for activating a pair of reciprocating piston pumps. The machine was designed and manufactured according to the design details, presented in his book " Kitáb fí marifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya" and was also tested accordingly. Tests on the machine proved the pumping capability of the pump turbine according to the book.