پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات
سال سی و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 85، بهار 1395)

The ultimate goals of policy-making would not be possible by use of the methods such as surveys. Evidence-based policy-making is a new approach in the public policy which has increased in many countries. Evidence-based policy-making is based on the assumption that decisions should be based on available evidence and rational analysis in addition to the judgments and opinions. one of the important evidence is statistics. The accuracy statistics can promote the accuracy, quality and capacity of policy. According to the importance of the statistics for the evidence-based policy-making, this paper is seeking to examine the importance of the statistics for evidence-based policy-making and tiring to show that the correct and efficient use of statistics leads to better policy. This paper uses the mixed method for this purpose. The mixed method approach used in this paper is the sequential exploratory design that the qualitative data followed by the quantitative data are collected and analysed. First, the comprehensive process framework for evidence-based policy-making is developed in the qualitative part by using meta-synthesis. Second, in the quantitative part, binomial test is used to validation of the developed framework. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and has been completed by 15 experts in the field of policy-making. Finally, the paper examines the role of information and statistics in the steps of proposed framework.

One indicator to assess the journals in international studies is the quality of guide for authors. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of guide for authors in Iranian journals.The population consisted of 755 Persian journals approved by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in March 2013. Using a checklist, authors reviewed separately the content of guide for authors of 501 journals that provided access to their guide for authors through the web.according to the results, a total of 40% of the observed items were met. In addition, of the four studied sections, including generalities, legal and ethical issues, article structure and appearance, legal and ethical issues (18%) and appearance (56%) had the worst and best status respectively. In terms of the severity of problems, "violation of individuals or group rights"," how to write abbreviations and acronyms", "accepting journal requirements and laws", and "writing manuals used by authors" had the highest severity rankings.

Expertise Retrieval is defined as finding experts in different subject areas as well as identifying people expertise area(s). For almost two decades, ER within knowledge-based environments has attracted attention of large and medium organizations. It has given rise to a strong community of researchers, especially in Computer and Information Science. It seems, however, that ER has remained neglected among Iranian researchers. So, addressing the foundations, methods and models of ER, current paper intends to take step in making scientific community and organization mangers familiar with main concepts of this area.
This paper is an opinion paper based on library method.
Findings: Supporting Knowledge Management is an important application of ER systems. In these systems, by avoiding the challenging characteristics of expertise concept, researchers simplify the problem of ER and limit its scope to textual documents accumulation and discovering of documents-persons associations. Several models have been presented for discovering of above-mentioned associations, among which Balog’s models had important role in promotion of ER field. document-centric model offered by Balog and his colleagues, is one of the most successful models that is the basis for subsequent models.
Originality/Value: this paper addresses the issue of Expertise Retrieval and its Foundations, methods and Models. So, it could be of interest to information professionals, Information Retrieval area researchers, large and medium organization’s managers, and other knowledge-based environments.

The purpose of the present study was analyze the interdisciplinary relations of “Library Science Information and Science” (LIS) then subject categories of Citing and Cited journals of this field were investigated from JCR database during the period of 1987-1997 and 2003-2013, and through the comparsion of obtained results, the impact of information technology on the development of “LIS” interdisciplinarity has been investigated. Methedology of research was Co-citation analysis of journals in scientometrics studies also the research was performed using the conventional techniques of scientometrics includes Bradfors’s law, Ward hierarchical clustering approach in statistical software SPSS, and the new measure including Proximity index. Research community includes cining and cited journals of 56 “LIS” journals during 1987-1997 and 83 journals during 2003-2013 in Journals Ctiation Report (JCR) database. The results showed that “LIS” has been influenced by other subject categories more than affect them for example the number of journals which “LIS” cited them from 1758 (in first period) has increased to 5303 (in second period). Co-occurrence matrix of core citing and cited subject categories was analysed, and three main clusters in the first period and seven clusters in the second period were drawn. In general, the amount and how Co-occurrence of subject categories in clusters showed that the domain and varity of affecting and affected subject categories were expanded in second period. Structural similarity of clusters for affecting and affected subject categories calculated results showed that structural similarity of clusters in the second period was %10 higher than in the first period. Also, the Structural similarity of affecting clusters of “LIS” was more than affected clusters. Assessment of difference of between subject categories groups by ANOVA and Tukey Post hoc tests showed that between all number of citing and cited groups was diffence.

Goal:The current research studies the factors affecting the intention to use databases by academic users, emphasizing the flow theory.
A research conceptual model was developed in order to create the concepts and hypotheses and the relationships between them. Different variables were considered in the research conceptual model including the skill, challenge, interaction, and control as the endogenous variables while the intention to use, exploratory usage, and the impaired perception of time were regarded as exogenous variables. The flow experience was also taken as the intermediary variable. The questionnaires, as the data-collecting tools, were designed by the researcher through studying texts and creating a conceptual framework taken from the flow experience in psychology. The statistical population was the postgraduate students (Master's Degree and PhD) in Yazd University (5,113 people) in the Iranian calendar year 1392 (ended March 20, 2014). The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Lisrel software were used for hypothesis test and data analysis respectively. Validity of the questionnary was done by confirmatory factor analysis.
Finding: Analyzing the structural model suggested that skill, challenge, and interaction had positive relationships with the flow experience with ratios of 0.63, 0.33, 0.41 respectively. The flow experience had a strong positive impact on the intention to use, the exploratory usage and the time distortion. No positive relationship was recognized between the control and the flow experience.
The results showed that the flow Theory is useful in an environment where the user has interaction with the database, except for the control structure. Since the experience flow is affected by user interaction, skill, sense and perception of databases it brings users satisfaction. This will lead to re- using, searching and navigating in on-line environment. The research findings consider a crucial factor as the variable which depends on the experience flow. Such a factor has a serious and effective influence on the behavior of database users, so that the user decides to use and search the database without a sense of time.

The present study has been conducted to study the Shahed University's website in terms of compatibility with metadata standards (Dublin core, Mark XML. and descriptive object-oriented) and HTML meta tags. This study is a descriptive survey, and the purpose of the application is the analysis of web pages using a prepared checklist to determine the amount of presence of metadata elements. The statistics sample consists of 291 pages of various pages of Shahed university webpages. The results showed that the web designers of Shahed University have used more meta tags (mean 168.2 presence in webpages). However, in none of the pages reviewed, metadata standards are not present. Considering the antiquity of meta tags, little Attention in the meta tags and metadata can be caused by a lack of accurate understanding of the structures and importance of this elements in the process of indexing and organizing content by designers. Therefore, the use of information science expert's opinions that are aware of metadata standards and advantages of using them is recommended in designing and editing webpages.

The extension of the Internet and World Wide Web has created new opportunities as well as new challenges for institutions and individuals who are either receiving or delivering education. Electronic learning is one of the most important breakthroughs in education in which the website is the first access point that users receive educational services provided. Therefore, website quality should be considered as an important factor resulted in the success of virtual learning and studied in a more detailed manner from the e-learners’ perspective. This paper aims to classify the quality aspects of the Tehran virtual university website (webqual 4.0) according to the Kano model of customer satisfaction and determine the asymmetric impact of the webqual 4.0 dimensions’ performance on overall user satisfaction in order to prioritize those dimensions in resource allocation, as well as sensitize the managers of the mentioned website. This is a descriptive-survey and applied study, and also a cross-sectional one. The study population included Tehran University students studying in virtual courses and the data collection tool was the questionnaire of webqual 4.0, as well as, a researcher-made questionnaire to measure end-user satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of performance asymmetry. The result showed that usability dimension was the high-performance excitement factor, information quality dimension was a high-performing basic factor, and service interaction dimension had low performance scores and was a basic factor. And finally, a short-term plan to improve service interaction dimension to reduce user discontent and a long-term plan to better both information quality and usability dimensions to increase user satisfaction was proposed.

By combining Neuromarketing¡ social psychology and e-commerce¡ a new area has been added to the world of consumer neuroscience named Nero web design. The practical Neuro business web design model consists of 67 applicable and implementable techniques in business websites and has been gathered in three sequential phases: attraction¡ message delivery¡ and reshaping with the aim of negotiating to the visitor’s brain to increase the conversion rate on a business website. Eight websites have been implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of this model: A simple website without using the model¡ a complete website (using all 67 techniques in the model)¡ and six other websites that differentiate in reshaping groups. The unique and targeted visitors for each websites obtained through internet advertisements. They became 957 new visitors altogether. In the period of two months of observational studying¡ Website heat maps that track the mouse movements of visitors¡ showed that visitors attracted to all parts of the complete website homepage particularly order form module but not so for the simple website. This reflects the success of attraction phase of the model. The results showed that the conversion rate of each of the seven model websites as compared to simple website is greatly high and even more than the international average conversion rate.

The main purpose of this study was to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to more comprehensively explain the formation of students’ digital entrepreneurial intentions.In particular, the extended TPB incorporates two critical constructs, namely entrepreneurial knowledge and skills into the original TPB model.Data were collected from 150 computer science students from four public universities in Hamedan province. The results of regression analysis showed that there was asignificant relationship between motivational factors such as attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control and digital entrepreneurial intentions. Also perceived behavioral control played the strongest role in the determination of digital entrepreneurial intentions.Furthermore, the results illustrated that entrepreneurial knowledge and skills significantly relate to digital entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the knowledge gained in this study, some recommendation were offered for developing entrepreneurial culture, knowledge and skillsin order topromoting digital entrepreneurship.

This survey tries finding and classifying the ways Iranians satisfy by Goodreads. For this purpose the Uses and Gratification theory used as theoretical framework. We send questionnaires for 290 people who were active in network. By using Factor Analysis we find that all 25 variable can be categorized in 6 factor:1- information seeking, 2- being with community, 3- escape from everyday life, 4- being with books, 5- Strengthening occupation and 6- knowing about Celebrities. Second purpose of the research was answering this question that “which factors can anticipate main activity of users?” we defined 3 activity as main activity: friend finding, rating and writing reviews.by using regression test we find that 2 factors (information seeking and being with books) can predict main activities of Iranian. As well as, being with community is another factor that Influence two main activity: friend finding and writing reviews.

The Purpose of this study is to evaluate accessibility features of Iranian Digital Library Software’s (IDLS).
Method/Approach: This is an applied research and has done as a heuristic survey. Statistical population of the study includes five Digital Library Softwares: Azarakhsh, Nosa, Papyrus, Parvanpajooh and Payam. The researcher-made criteria list of this study is based on ISO 9241-171 and has prepared through a Delphi method. Different types of descriptive statistical techniques in collaboration with Friedman test and SAW decision making method used for data analyzing.
Findings: Research results showed that IDLSs have made no impressive effort for regarding accessibility features and their accessibility has obtained solely through the Operating System and Platform that the software runs on it. That’s why input accessibility features – which have regarded through OS-, have gained first rank among other accessibility features. There is meaningful statistical difference between IDLSs in regarding accessibility features.
Originality/Value: This study which survey the accessibility features of IDLSs, is one of the first attending software accessibility features in Iran and it can have an important role in introducing disable users’ needs to software developers and digital collection makers.

This article aims to measure the relationship between metrics of visibility and bookmarking in social platforms (Citeulike, Mendeley and Figshare) with citation counts in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed central and Crossref. Current study is original in terms of objective and the data gathering scheme is descriptive of correlation type with a citation analysis approach. The population in this study is consists of 90,728 research papers which published in PLOS between 2009 and 2013. A sample of 1892 samples was chosen based on Cochran formula. The results showed that the visibility, Citeulike and Mendeley bookmarking counts have significant positive correlation with citations in all of the investigated systems. Conversely, social bookmarking counts on Figshare showed significant negative correlation with citations. Visibility metric has significant positive correlation with bookmarking counts in Citeulike and Mendeley, while it does not correlate with social bookmarking metric on Figshare. The results of this study suggest sharing scientific publications in social networks such as Mendeley, may increases the visibility and the future citations.