نشریه بهداشت کار و ارتقای سلامت
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار 1397)

Job burnout, in addition to the adverse effects of physical and psychological health and the various dimensions of the quality of personal and professional life of nurses, has a lot of costs for the organization. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job burnout and quality of life of nurses.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 175 nurses working in Khatam-ol-Anbia Gonbad-e-Kavous Hospital were included in the study by the available method. The data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, 26-item quality of life (WHOQOL), and Maslach burnout. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS22 and t test, Chi-Square and analysis of variance tests.
The mean age and work experience were 38.34 and 13.81, respectively. In this study, 92.54% of the participants had bachelor degree, 88.81% were married, 62.69% were women, 88.06% were in shift working and 26.12% were in the emergency department. The highest and lowest mean scores of quality of life dimensions were related to physical and environmental health (66.78 and 63.26, respectively). There was a negative correlation between environmental health and overall quality of life with overtime hours (r= -0.193, r= -0.169). The highest and lowest mean scores of occupational burnout dimensions were related to emotional exhaustion and involvement (frequency: 68.7 and 16.4, severity: 75.4 and 19.4). All dimensions of life quality were not correlated with personality frequency and severity of emotional exhaustion.
Regarding the inverse relationship between job burnout and quality of life, by presenting and implementing various management solutions and identifying effective factors in improving the quality of life of nurses, job burnout can be reduced which will lead to increase productivity.

Unsafe behaviours are one of the important factors in occurrence of occupational accidents that can have a negative effect on the safety attitude. Individuals with type a behavioural pattern, with personality traits, such as being hasty, competitiveness, hostility, and aggression, can be effective in the incident of occupational accidents in the workplace. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational accidents and behaviour patterns among workers.
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted among 60 workers engaged in one of the motorcycle assembly lines in Tehran in 2017. Friedman and Rosenman behavioural patterns questionnaire was used to determine the behaviour pattern. Moreover, the incident of accidents and pseudo- accidents recorded in the Health and Safety Department were investigated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22.
A significant relationship was found between type A and B behaviour pattern with incident of accidents and pseudo- accidents. The chance of incident of accidents and pseudo- accidents among workers with type a behavioural pattern were 4.85 and 4.65 times more than that of type B behaviour pattern, respectively. There was a significant and positive statistical correlation between the behaviour pattern score and the frequency of accidents and pseudo- accidents.
Workers with type a behavioural pattern are more likely to be injured due to their dangerous behaviours. Therefore, one of the solutions to improve safety hazardous behaviours and preventing accidents and pseudo- accidents in workplaces is to select individuals with lower risk behaviors, especially for high-risk activities.

In developing countries, multiple criteria decision-making techniques are important ways to overcome financial, human and information restrictions, and the elimination of existing conflicts in the selection of appropriate solutions in order to increase the level of safety and improve productivity. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the risk calculated by the two methods of multi-criteria decision-making including, TOPSIS and measure of belief approach in fuzzy logic concepts to resolve doubts in selection of control priorities.
In order to identify hazards, the documentation review, interviews with experts, brainstorming sessions, knowledge and experience group of experts in occupational health and safety engineering were used. Then, the real risks of identified hazards were determined using TOPSIS and measure of belief approach in fuzzy logic.
In the present study, according to TOPSIS, falling in tanks, reservoirs, and canals with the relative closeness 0.7439 ranked in the first place and explosion with the relative closeness 0.5769 had the second place. Furthermore, in the fuzzy method, firing gas turbines and breakage of high pressure steam pipes, with the measure of belief 0.6, ranked in the first place and falling in tanks, reservoirs, and canals with the measure of belief 0.2 had the second place. The results showed that the two methods have solidarity and are matched in determining the risk of safety hazards in industrial power plants.
Using logical and mathematical methods, could manage limited resources and adopting the most appropriate control strategies.

Risk assessment an organized approach to detecting risks and estimating risk has been acceptable to reduce risk. Also, due to the increasing trend of implementation of the integrated management system (IMS) in different industries to improve the level of safety, health and environment standards, we determined to measure the impact of this system's deployment on safety performance monitoring indicators using the FMEA methodology for estimating risk and calculating the RPN.
This study is an interventional study. In this study, first all the high-risk activities of the organization were identified, then, the value of RPN was obtained using the product of intensity (A), probability (B) and discovery (C) depending on the acceptable level of the organization and the Pareto chart (80:20), the organization's unacceptable RPNs were identified and corrective action was taken.
The mean of RPN decreased significantly between 2010 and 2014. Considering the fact that the number of activities has increased with the expansion of the production line, the calculations show that in the years 91 and 93, the amount of RPN significantly decreased compared to the previous years (P The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the integrated management system (IMS) significantly influenced the FMEA risk assessment indicators and improved the safety level of the studied plant.

Occupational consequences and their effects on health and healthcare workers have been examined in many studies. Occupational stress is recognized as an important risk factor in the creation of physical and chronic mental disorders and the quality of work performance. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the stress induced by the work and some social factors among the Health Nurses Working in town Gonbad Kavous in 2016.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 147 health workers in Gonbad Kavous town. in order to collect data, the HSE questionnaire including 35 questions with seven fields, role, communication, support of Authorities, Fellow support, control, demand and change were used. data analyzed and evaluated by SPSS22 software
The mean and standard deviation Health Nurses of age were
43.29 ± 6.50 years. Approximately 40% of health nurses experienced as Intense up to very intense occupational stress. Also, there was a significant relationship between age group (P=0.023), gender (P=0.015), education level (P=0.043), number of children (P=0.046) and financial status (P=0.028) with job stress level of health care workers.
The results indicate a high prevalence of occupational stress among health nurses. It seems that assessing work-related stresses of health nurses can lead to appropriate identification of occupational injury risk factors. Also, interventional studies are needed to Compilation a stress management program for health nurses and in order to Coping with work-related stress.

Workplace violence in the health system has become an important issue in policy making in recent years. It is one of the most important and complex issues in the health system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting workplace violence in emergency nurses.
The present study was descriptive-analytic which was done on 100 emergency nurses of Sabzevar educational Medical Sciences hospitals who were selected using the available sampling method. Data were collected using a WHO-adjusted questionnaire which consisted of 4 sections (demographic information (11 questions), threats (10 questions), verbal violence (10 questions) and physical (12 questions). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-squared test and Fisher exact). Data were entered into the statistical software of SPSS17.
The findings revealed that during the six-month period, nurses reported 92 cases of verbal abuse (59.78%), physical (19.56%), racial (15.21%) and sex (5.43%). The most important factors in the incidence of violence against nurses were the availability of nurses (55.43%), lack of motivation and job satisfaction in nurses (50%) and health concerns about the patient or companions (42.39%). Violence against male nurses was higher than that of women. Furthermore, the most common cause of violence against nurses was the companions of the patient.
The results of this study confirmed the high prevalence of workplace violence among hospital nurses. Therefore, it can be suggested by improving nurse's communication skills, teaching their patients and their companions and serious follow-up of cases of violence against nurse, can reduce violence and improve health care services.

Due to the importance of color blindness and its impact on the depth and quality of students, this study aimed to survey the Frequency of red-green color blindness among students of Yazd Medical Sciences Universities.
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out with easy sampling method among all male students (483) and female students (1016) from Yazd Medical Sciences Universities using Ishihara diagnostic Test. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software and statistical tests of normal distribution and T-test were used.
The study showed that 23 boy students (4.76%) were color blind. Among them13 boys (2.48%) were deuteranomaly and 4 boys (83%) were Deuteranopia, 5 boys (1.03%) were Protanomali, 1 boy (21%) was Protanopia and (21%) were total color blind. Furthermore, 7 girl students (69%) had color vision deficiency. It was observed that 3 girls (30%) were deuteranomaly and 2 girls (19%) were Deuteranopia, 2 girls (19%) were Protanomali and there was no total color blindness in the female students group.
There was a significant percentage of color vision deficiency in both groups; however, it was more in male students. Indeed, 74% of them did not know their color blindness. Knowing this fact can help them to choose a better career and specialized discipline. It is suggested that color blind people choose jobs that do not require accurate color recognition, or ask for help from other people to choose the correct color.

Urban green spaces have a positive impact on prevention of mental illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. Using lighting and a proper distribution of light sources in parks can increase the efficiency of these places. This study aimed to investigate the lighting status of urban parks in Kerman.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 38 urban parks in Kerman city in the spring and summer of 2016. After calculating the area of the park, it was divided into 10×10 stations and the lighting intensity was measured by the Hagner lux meter (model EC1) at 2.1 meter height from the ground. The data were analyzed using software SPSS16.
The lighting intensity mean was less than the standard level (30-50 lux) in all areas. The highest and lowest lighting intensity was recorded in the 2nd and 4th areas, respectively (9.61 and 3.6 lux). Low-pressure sodium fluorescent lamps were the most common lamps, and none of studied parks have used the lighting distribution pattern.
The mean lighting intensity in Kerman parks was less than the standard. Considering the comparison of the area and the measured lighting, it was observed that larger parks had less lighting, due to the lack of attention to the lighting design and consideration of the area dimension and the number of light sources, as well as the arrangement of the lights which has to be corrected.