پژوهشنامه بازرگانی
پیاپی 69 (زمستان 1392)

One of the main features of global economy is increasing competition of countries for finding new markets. Thus during recent years international trade has devoted the largest part of total trade of many countries to itself. Given the present process of economy which is progressing toward unity, forming regional blocs and unions in the form of concluding bilateral or multilateral cooperation agreements could play a major role in more extensive presence of countries in international competition stage. The main purpose of this paper is to recognize successfulness and contingent unsuccessfulness of concluding free trade agreement between MENA countries and selected members of ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Thailand) and to evaluate its effect on Iran's trade flows. To do so generalized gravity model and regression based on generalized method of moments during 1997-2006 was used. Findings indicate that concluding free trade agreement has positive effect on tradeflows of members of MENA and ASEAN bloc as well as Iran and ASEAN and it also shows that tariff implementation has no effect on the amount of exchanges of involved parties.

The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the impacts of different government support policies on crop production of Fars province. Using policy analysis matrix and the indices thereof, the impact of the abovementioned policies on input and output markets were studied. The results show that while government is supporting all inputs markets and most of the crops markets, with the exception of the few crops that enjoy relative advantage and the net social benefit, the production of others are inefficient and can not go on under free trade condition.

The time when breach of contract is realized, has developed various rules in different legal systems. In some countries, the contract is recognized as being breached when in addition to the expiration of the obligation term, creditor has claimed the performance thereof. In other countries, it is necessary and also sufficient that the obligation term gets expired. However in other legal systems, prediction of breach in future makes applicable the sanctions related to a real breach of contract. In this article with explanation of the meaning of anticipatory breach and economic analysis thereof in micro and macro levels, the validity of this institution in international and domestic systems are analyzed.

Economic integration such as SOC can prepare member states for confronting globalization in a smaller scale. On the other hand, the exact understanding of trade potentials of trade partners is one of the ways of boosting exports and imports to their optimum levels. In this study the trade potentials of SCO member countries and Iran are estimated using gravity model and panel data. The results show that in addition to GDP of the member states, the coefficent of trade potential is positive and significant. Also, Iran has not fully used its trade potentials with China, India and Russia.

This paper focuses on trends that are changing WTO nature. In my perspective, some key trends such as power redistribution within the WTO, increasingly public opinion resistance against free trade in developed countries, deferent views among WTO members on its purposes and functions and increasing role of NGOs in global governance, are changing the nature of the WTO form club of rich countries to a real global institution. In consequence of the above mentioned processes, hegemonic stability theory and club model that traditionally were used to theoretically explain the institute have lost their explanatory capability.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of financial development on income distribution in Iran using panel data of 28 provinces in the years of 1379 to 1385. For this study, data on the Gini coefficient, the growth rate of GDP per capita (GDP), government spending, inflation and financial depth variable and financial performance indicators were collected and organized. The model using static and dynamic panel models, generalized moments estimator (GMM), was estimated. The results show the depth of financial performance indicators, have a significant effect on reducing inequality in Iran. Government spending, unlike inflation rate, reduces inequality. Also in this study, the Kuznets inverted U relationship was confirmed in the provinces of Iran based on the results we can claim the role of financial development in reducing inequality.

Iran home appliances producers are challenged by many foreign competitors. These companies can employ information and communication technology for improvement of the competitiveness. So in this paper, the identification of internet marketing strategies and the consumer behavior have been analyzed by grounded theory. The research shows that, internet marketing strategy (IMS) can be classified into three kinds of different strategies: Transactional, interactive and intelligent. And the behavior of the Iranian home appliances could be described in three styles: Rational shoppers, feeling shoppers and intelligent shoppers.