فهرست مطالب

پژوهشنامه بازرگانی
پیاپی 72 (پاییز 1393)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/09/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Ahmad Jafari Samimi, Seyede Maryam Monfared, Negin Heydarzadeh Page 1
    Foreign trade of any country is considered as one of the major economic sectors of that society as far as some refer to trade as the “engine of growth”. Foreign exchange rate and its volatilities is one of the effective factors determining foreign trade. The present paper deals with the impact of real exchange rate uncertainty on imports in Iran during 1979-2009. In this respect, first, among various criteria of real exchange rate uncertainty, the study condiders the so-called auto-regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model to calculate the real exchange rate uncertainty; and the real exchange rate uncertainty variable along with other variables such as GDP were put into imports regression model by performing co-integration test among existing variables in import model and certainty of existence of minimum one long-term relation among them, the vector error correction model was assessed by imposing a long-term vector auto-regression model. Based on the results, it was specified that the real exchange rate uncertainty during the concerned period had negative impact on imports.
    Keywords: Exchange rate uncertainty, Import, Foreign Trade, ARCH
  • Gholamhosein Rahnomay Garamaleki, Mohammad Ali Motafakkere Azad, Reza Ranjpour, Seyyed Kamal Sadeghi Page 25
    In this study, the Impact of internal R&D expenditure, technology imports and interaction effects between human capital and technology imports on value added of Iranian large industries are investigated over the period of 1994-2008. For this purpose, an endogenous growth model is used in which production is a function of labor, capital stock, human capital, internal R&D expenditure, technology imports, multiplication of employment share of human capital and technology imports, and multiplication of internal R&D expenditure and technology imports. We estimate this model for 21 industrial groups by applying panel data approach. The results indicate that internal R&D expenditure and technology imports have a significant positive effect on value added of Iranian large industries. Also, research findings emphasize the positive effect of human capital in absorbing imported technology and consequently, increasing industry value added.
    Keywords: Internal R, D Expenditure, Technology Imports, Human Capital, Iran's Large Industries, Panel Data
  • Hassan Valibeigi, Mehdi Rezai Page 61
    Nowadays, countries realize that without having knowledge and technology, they may not export advantaged goods to the global market. Generally, technology and knowledge accumulation play vital role for reaching high economic growth rate and economic development. The statistical reports show that Iran has not been successful in the high-tech export area; Base on those reports, Iran’s high-tech exports were around 550 million dollar in 2011 and this situation indicates a small share of high-tech exports in Iran’s total exports and poor state of Iran in the global high-tech exports. So it is needed to examine the factors which critically affect the high-tech exports.Therefore, this paper by using a panel data econometrics model which includes 51 developed and developing countries, and covers 1996-2008, has examined the effective factors in high-tech exports. The article has concluded research and development expenditure, foreign direct investment, real effective exchange rate, economic openness, learning index and economic growth rate affect high-tech exports.
    Keywords: High, tech, Exports, Iran, Research, Development, Foreign Direct Investment
  • Sadegh Shamshiri Page 83
    In this article, we tried to identify mechanisms of technology transfer and their legal basis in buy-back contracts. Then, analyze the effect of WTO regulations on those contracts. In addition, answer these questions: what are legal mechanisms of technology transfer in buy-back contracts? What are the effects of acceptance of WTO rules on technology transfer policies in buy-back contracts and their legal basis? And finally, what are the solutions to keep current policies? We conclude that Iran should use the legal space within the WTO framework and limit its obligations and use exceptions of patent.
    Keywords: Transfer of Technology, Buy, back, WTO, TRIPS, Compulsory Licensing
  • Mansour Zarra, Nezhad, Amin Tabae Izady, Fateme Hosseinpour Page 111
    The aim of this study is to review the rentier state theory, with special regard to Iran. Iran’s rentier state is highly dependent on oil revenues, but much less on tax revenues. Even this negligible reliance on tax revenues, itself seems to be indebted to oil revenues. Thus the main research hypothesis is that Iran’s oil revenue is one of the main determinants of tax revenues. To empirically test the hypothesis, a modified version of Heller’s model was applied using ARDL approach and the annual data for the period 1965-2007. The findings of the research showed that oil revenue has a significant positive effect on tax revenues reflecting the rentierness of Iran’s state. An important implication of this result is that the state should lower the excessive reliance on oil revenues and start tax reform. The results also indicated that that GDP, industrial sector share in GDP and other state revenues have positive impact on tax revenues, while inflation has a negative effect.
    Keywords: Rent, Rentier State, Tax Determinants
  • Abolghasem Ebrahimi, Mahammad Reza Saadat, Abolfazl Masoomzadeh Zavareh Page 139
    Optimal allocation of research funds based on research priorities; Mobilization of existing research capacities and capabilities in small and medium enterprises and supporting enterprises to respond to research needs; Create the necessary conditions for applying the research results and findings from necessary research projects; Prospective study in research and avoid instantaneous and non-strategic decision-making; and the underlying connection for more communication between decisions and researchs through basic researchs required for commercial system are facts that not only as a research needs assessment activities are necessary to introduce, but also as one of its fundamental research activities in the process of compiling research programs.In order to identify research needs of commercial systems, this research by using in-depth interview, Delphi technique and questionnaires identified about 450 research priorities in 13 different axis, and used the Friedman test to prioritize them in areas discussed.The results suggested some of the more important priorities that have been identified as foremost priorities in the respective tables. Less important priorities were identified as the secondary priorities. In the end, both substantive and procedural recommendations for improving future studies were offered.
    Keywords: Needs Assessment, Business Sector, Research Priorities, Paradigm, Megadigm, Future Study
  • Khalili Araghi, Mansour, Gudarzi Farahani, Yazdan Page 185
    The Relationship between productivity of economic sectors, effective real exchange rate, and purchasing power is a burning economic issue. Based on the “Balassa – Samuelson” theory, higher economic productivity for tradeable goods leads to an increase in effective real exchange rate which is indicative of higher value of domestic money and higher purchasing power of money. The purpose of this study is to examine the Relationship between the difference of productivity and inflation in commercial partners of Iran and its effect on effective real exchange rate by incorporating the purchasing power parity for 1980-2011. For analysing this relationship we use “Pedroni Cointegration” method and of FMOLS. The results show the effect of “Balassa – Samuelson” in these countries in a way that an increase in productivity of tradable goods leads to an increase in effective exchange rate. Besides, the results show a negative effect of a decreased real exchange rate on purchasing power of Iran for future years.
    Keywords: Balassa – Samuelson Model_Productivity_Effective Real Exchange Rate_Panel Cointegration Model