نشریه پژوهشهای روان شناختی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (زمستان 1382)

On the basis of cognitive approach in the analysis of psychopathology, it is assumed that normal and abnormal persons have relativly stable patterns of meaning processing that can reflect their past experiences and in some occasions their present behavior. To study the semantic information processing, two groups with the emphasis on Osgood's approach in surveying the semantic differences for comparison, were chosen: one with OCD (n=30), and the other a control group (n=30) who had no previous psychological illness. It was concluded that semantic differential responses, in terms of semantic differential technique, in its four semantic dimensions (Evaluation, potency, activity, and danger), were the most significant differences among the groups.In general, the findings proved that there was a relationship between cognition, emotion, and psychopathology.

Seventy-four consecutive female referrals to the Maudsley Hospital Eating Disorder Clinic, referred for eating disorder (56 anorexia nervosa, 18 bulimia nervosa) were randomly assigned to one of four types of psychological treatments: Family Therapy, Individual Focal Psychotherapy, Cognitive Analytic Therapy, Supportive Therapy. Changes taking place within the patient were evaluated after one year of psychological treatment, while within and between group comparisons were made in terms of the patients’ response style to therapist and therapy: Self-Disclosure (SD) and Emotional Engagement (EEn). Patients with higher SD and EEn showed greater improvement in psycho-therapy than did patients with lower SD and EEn. Self-Disclosure and EEn were found to be the best predictors of the patients’ progress in Focal Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. The paper discusses the pre-dictive value and clinical implications of a measure of response style, The Patient Response Style Scale.

The Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between locus of control and marital adjustment in secondary school teachers in Shiraz. Research has shown a significant relationship between locus of control and marital adjustment. In this research it was hypothesized that there is a significant correlation between locus of control and marital adjustment. Seventy-four married couples, at least one of them a secondary school teacher, were randomly selected as the subjects for this study, and Spaner’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, 1979) and Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of control Scale (LOC, 1966) were administered to them. The results showed a significant positive correlation between scores of husbands’ locus of control and the couple’s marital adjustment (P<0.0001), however, the correlation between scores of wives’ locus of control and their marital adjustment was not significant. There was also a significant positive correlation between scores of husbands’ locus of control and wives’ marital adjustment (P <0.0001), but the correlation between scores of wives’ locus of control and husbands’ marital adjustment was not significant. There was no significant difference between scores of men and women and between scores of employed women and houswives on LOC. The difference Between scores of wives and husbands’ LOC who were both employed was not significant either. One of additional results also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between women’s high school GPA and their marital adjustment (P=0.039). The results of this study confirmed the results of some similar studies. It was proposed that married couples especially wives should give more consideration to personal will rather than believing in fate for leading their lives.

Stress has been investigated from different points of view. One of the most important approaches to stress is Person-Environment Fit. The purpose of this study was to evalute Person-Environment Fit Model to stress and its reflection to phisical and psychological disorders. Subjects were 986 teachers (656 Females; 330Males) with mean age and years of service respectively 37.46 and 16.84 selected from different grades (elementry; guidance; high school) of Tabriz Schools and completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning person-Environment and job stress. In addition to the self-administered questionnaire, 196 principals completed questionnaires about these teachers. The result indicated that there were significant relationships between demographic factors such as gender, kind of school, education, marital status, age, years of service and salery with stress and effect of the stress on the physical and psychological disorders. The results showed that P-E unfit had a considerably effect on stress level and its physiological consequences. Also, results showed significant differences between the view of principals, and the teachers evaluation of their fitness to the environment.

In the present study, the attitudes of 90 female nursing and chemistry students in Tehran towards the aged was measured using the Aging Semantic Differential Test (ASDT). In addition variables such as age and experience with the elderly were obtained. The ASDTmeasures three aspects of attitudes namely: personal acceptability, perceived ability and independence. Of the 90 subjects, 60 were nursing students and half of these had received formal training on the aging process as part of their education programme and half had received no such training. 30 chemistry students acted as the control group since neither their subject field of studywas related to the elderly nor had they received any training on the subject.The results showed that, unexpectedly, trained nurses showed a more negative view towareds the aged than the other two groups, although this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the attitude of the students was more positive regarding the personal acceptability scale of the test. Although students’ experience with the aged within the family was not associated with attitudes towards the elderly, a significant negative correlation was found between personal acceptability and experience with the elderly in the society and the work place. Results of the present study criticize and question the present system of formal training for nurses and suggest that the content of such training programmes in Iranian nursing schools be reviewed with greater care.