نشریه پژوهشهای روان شناختی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1390)

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior group therapy (CBGT) and individual cognitive–behavior therapy (ICBT) in reducing symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD). The participants consisted of 28 patients who were referred to psychological treatment centers of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University and were diagnosed as having SAD. The sample was randomly allocated to the two groups of 14 participants (12 primary and 2 reserves). Each group participated separately in 12 sessions mainly based on Heimberg’s model for SAD. Pretest and posttest data using Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition were collected and analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that after pretest depression was co varied out، CBGT compared with ICBT was more effective in reducing fear and physiolo-gical arousal but there was no significant difference between the two groups in avoi-dance scores. Furthermore، improvement rates of CBGT were significantly higher than ICBT group. The clinical significance of findings by different criteria was discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Teasdale Cognitive Therapy on depression reduction in guidance and high school students. To do so، 60 boys and 60 girls were randomly selected from guidance and high school students in Shahreza city. These students were randomly assigned to four experimental and four control groups. Each group consisted of 15 subjects. Experimental groups received 10 weekly sessions of intervention but the control groups did not receive such an intervention. Before and after intervention، all participants were interviewed by using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and they also completed Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The results of analysis of covariance showed that Teasdale Cognitive Therapy significantly reduced the depression mean scores of the experimental groups as compared to the control groups. It is concluded that Teasdale Cognitive Therapy، as a useful method of intervention، could be applied to decrease the depression of students.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dimensions of parental perfectionism (self-oriented، other-oriented، and socially prescribed) and dimensions of children’s perfectionism and academic achievement in a sample of Iranian families. Three hundred and forty two high school students (184 girls، 156 boys) from Tehran’s municipal districts 8، 10، 11 and 19 in the academic year 2009-2010، along with their parents (342 fathers، 342 mothers) were included in this study. Students and their parents were asked to complete the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS; Besharat، 2007). The students’ academic score averages were used as an academic achieve- ment criterion. To analyze the data، statistical indexes and methods such as frequency، percentage، mean، standard deviation، and regression have been utilized. The results indicate that parents’ perfectionism was a pre-dictor of changes in children’s perfectionism. Also، maternal other-oriented perfectionism predicted changes in children''s academic achievement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of familial socio-economic status، process of learning، school connected-ness، math self-concept، and individual factors on the mathematics achievement of 4th graders based on the TIMSS 2003 study. The sample of this study ultimately consisted of 3724 students who participated in the TIMSS 2003 (math test) and also completed the student questionnaire. The measurement model of the latent variables and goodness of fit structural equation model were confirmed and results showed that tested model had a good fit to the data. The effect of socio-economic status، teaching process، and mathematics self-concept on mathematics achievement was confirmed. It was found that 25% of the mathematics achievement variance was explained by the model.

Organizational Justice is an essential concept dating back to the Greek golden age and has been known to have two dimensions (distributive and procedural). By entering this concept into the organizational issue، interpersonal dimension was added to the previous two dimensions، leading to the three-dimensional concept of organizational justice. This concept has formed an important part of the recent organizational industrial research. The most comprehensive concept of organizational justice was developed by Colquitt (2001) which includes four dimensions and adds informational justice to previous dimensions. The current study provides evidence for construct and criterion validity of the Colquitt (2001) Scale. A sample consisting of 350 employees of an organization was used to analyze construct and criteria validity. For construct validity، confirmatory factor analysis was used and the four dimensions model was confirmed. For criterion validity، participants filled out the organizational justice scale and additional scales related to the criterion variable which included instrumentality، autonomy، leadership behavior، and participation in decision making. Results demonstrated that the Organizational Justice Scale has suitable construct and criterion validity.

The present research examined the relationship between five factors of personality and transformational leadership behaviors and subordinates'' & super ordinates'' appraisal of managerial performance. The sample was selected by cluster sampling and included 40 production managers whose transformational leadership behaviors were evaluated by 200 workers'' response to MLQ and their performance appraisal was evaluated by 40 directors and 200 workers. Scales for data collection were MLQ-5x، Five-Factor Personality Inventory and Performance Appraisal Inventory. The data was analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Results revealed that extraversion and openness to experience positively and neuroticism and conscientious-ness negatively predicted transformational leadership behaviors. Transformational leader-ship behaviors predicted subordinates'' and super ordinates'' appraisal and personality predicted subordinates'' appraisal of managerial performance. These findings supported the relations between personality and leadership styles.

In order to test the reliability and validity of Decision Making Styles Questionnaire (DMSQ; Scott & Bruce، 1995)، a sample of 427 Iranian females and 513 Iranian males، aged 17-32 years (mean=21)، who were students in Payame Noor University completed the DMSQ and Risk Perception Inventory (RPI; Benthin، 1993). Calculating the internal consistency of the DMSQ revealed that all 23 items were highly correlated with the total score. Reliability assessment by computing Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0. 75. The Correlation coefficient by retest in a 4 week time interval was 0. 68 and correlation coefficient 0. 75 was obtained by administering a parallel form، both of which were significant (p<0. 01). In order to assess content validity، the questionnaire was given to a few psychologists who approved the potency of DMSQ in assessing decision making styles. Also factor analysis was used to evaluate the internal validity، which extracted 4 factors including rational decision making style، Intuitive decision making style، dependent decision making style، and avoidant decision making style with an eigenvalue of greater than one، which could explain 38% of the total variance. The Pearson correlation coefficient between RPS and rational، intuitive، dependent، and avoidant decision making styles were 0. 28، -0. 118، 0. 181 and 0. 099 respectively، confirming their convergent and divergent validity. The results showed that the DMSQ is a reliable and valid inventory for measuring decision making styles among Iranian students.