نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال دوازدهم شماره 112 (دی 1391)

This research was conducted for the Analysis of the effectiveness of Assertiveness training Group on the increase of Elementary student's social skills suffering from Hearing Damage in the city of Bookan.First, by using the social skills test, those students having low social skills whose scores were lower than 100 were recognized. These individuals were selected as samples and then were randomly divided into two testing and control groups. The statistical samples of this research included 30 students having hearing damage who were randomly selected into two equal number of testing and control groups.Then, the assertive training program was instructed in 10 sessions to the testing group and after it was finished, the same social skilling test was conducted on both groups.At the end, the analysis covariance test was analyzed.Based on the results, the testing group had a better performance compared to the control group in the social skills test which means the assertive training group was effective in increasing the social skills and social communications of mute students suffering from hearing damage.

The purpose of this current research is to conduct a comparative analysis of hope and optimism between Normal intermediate female students and those suffering from hearing impairment in the city of Esfehan. The method of this research was a causal-comparative one. Base on this, 60 female students at the intermediate level(30 normal students and 30 hearing impaired ones) were randomly selected and They filled out the (1985) Carver and Share questionnaire having 8 items and the (1991) Schnider's adult self – reported hope standard. To analyze the data, in addition to using the statistical descriptive index, Pearson's coefficiency and the A test of the two independent groups were also utilized. The difference in mean between the two groups in the hope scale was equal to 7.40 which indicated the normal students had a score higher than those having hearing impairment. In addition to this difference, the mean between the two groups, as for as the optimism variance is concerned, was equal to 2 indicating the normal students had a higher score in optimism compared to the hearing- impaired students.On the other hand, the results of the to test indicated that the difference between the two groups in regards to hope and optimism variances was, statistically, significant.Based on the results, the hearing- impaired students compared to the normal students were more vulnerable as far as hope and optimism are concerned.As a result, this problem should be treated by psychotherapy and counseling. Since there is this belief that positive psychology factors such as hope can protect people against stressful situations, it seems that conducting preventive programs for hearing impaired students can be useful. Additionally, the findings of different studies indicate that optimism has a desirable effect on individual's health and adaptive behavior which can help them during the stressful situations and it should be elevated among the hearing-impaired individuals.

The purpose of this research was to compare emotional intelligence among three groups of the blind, those having little eyesight and the normal ones.The statistical pool of this research was the students from all the three categories at Tehran universities. Altogether 63 students were selected-21 people from each group using the available sampling method.The tool used in this research was Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. In order to study the research's hypothesis and analyze the data, as a result of the research's questionnaire, Anova variance Analysis was used. The results indicated that there is not any significant difference between the emotional intelligence index and all other sub categories among the three groups of the blind, those having little eyesight and the normal ones.As a result, it seems that having lived with a disability has created an environment that is suitable for the cultivation of emotional dimensions. Additionally, during young ages and beyond and also being highly educated could be effective as factors for the cultivation of emotional intelligence.Thus, we can conclude that emotional intelligence has, probably, been responsible for the success of these individuals and compared to other disabilities, it has created more empowerment to fight against the problems.

Learning disorder is a group of heterogeneous disorders that is manifested in major forms of learning and using abilities such as listening, writing and reasoning or mathematical calculations. Most learning disorder children have social and emotional problems too. Special attention should be given to the treatment of these children.One of the effective methods for the treatment of these children is art- therapy. If art-therapy is conducted along with the academic aids, in addition to the elimination of children's social and emotional problems; it will also advance the student's progress. Therefore, in this article, the focus is given to the analysis of the role and the importance of art therapy for the treatment and social, emotional and academic to clearance of those children who are suffering from learning disorders.

Learning is one of the basic life skills. It can both sustain life and also create the necessity for learning. It is, practically, impossible to find anybody in the world who can do any individual or social tasks, no matter how easy or complicated, without learing. The more the degree or level of learning, the more it will have an effective role in life. Taking into account, the importance of the issue of learning, in this article, the effective conditions in learning and some of the responsibilities of parents having children with learning disorders, the treatment for learning problems and the preventive measures will be studied.

Peer is one of the effective educational strategies for teaching students having special needs in the learning comprehensive system. Comprehensive education is a phenomenon based on normalization and its goal is to prepare the individual with the special needs for a suitable life in the society. In the comprehensive learning students with special needs will attend normal classes studying next to other students, taking advantage of the teacher acting as a liaison between the normal student and the one with special needs. In this strategy, a student (as a peer) provides his own learning experiences for the other student (the one with special needs) under the supervision of the teacher. In the current article, while the educational strategy problems, advantages and its implementation methods are described, the dangers of using peer teaching and the teacher's role in the successful implementation of the strategy have also been brought to the attention.

The subject of information technology and communications in education has, for a while, been discussed and it has been brought up in the special education too, but the main point we are planning to discuss in this article is the optimal application in the classroom and or the management in the application of technology. In practice, helping to expand teacher's skills in information technology and communications is very difficult. This task is as tough for teachers who feel that they have an important role in the expansion of the quality of providing information technology and communication in schools. Schools and universities the same as other organizations have an orderly structure and teachers play management roles. One of these roles is the liaison between information technology and communications which is constantly looking for the existing knowledge and available resources. This study reflects some of the skills and approaches that are effective in support of the information technology and communication's expansion as tools for providing the needs of learners, it also deals with the high management skills in information who technology and communications, all teachers need them. In fact, the successful use of information technology and communications require a certain combination of specialty both technically and educationally.