نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال سیزدهم شماره 118 (امرداد 1392)

The general purpose of this research is to study and analyze the effects of a period of regular exercise activities on the self-esteem of educable students suffering from metal retardation aging 9-15 in the city of Lordegan in academic year of 1389-1390. For this purpose 28 students were randomly selected from a group of 121 educable mentally retarded students. They were randomly divided into two experimental (7 boys and 7 girls) and controlled (7 boys and girls) groups.The method of research was experimental with the pre-test and post-test plans for the controlled group. The Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire was administered as a pre-test on two groups. Then the period of regular exercise activities was administered on the experimental group as an intervention program for two months involving 3 sessions per week for a period of 45 minutes per session. After the end of the intervention period, the Rosenberg self-esteem test was once again administered on both groups. The attained data was analyzed using the method of co-variance analysis and SPSS software. The findings showed that there was a significant statistical difference (P < 0.001) in the performance of the experimental group and the controlled) one as far as self-esteem is concerned and it indicates that administering a period of regular exercise activities in the experimental group was effective to increasing the students’ self-esteem.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the views of slow-learning students’ parents about their children’s teachers and vice versa and also the slow-learning students’ interaction with other students in regular schools and the correlation of the academic drop among slow-learning students. This research is functional type with a correlational method. For this purpose, 30 teachers having slow-learning students and 30 parents of slow-learning students from the elementary and intermediate levels were randomly selected from among 16 girls and boys schools in Zanjan’s school district 1. To collect the data, a questionnaire made up by the researcher (teacher’s self assessment) with the determination of content coefficiency Lashe and (parents’ opinion polling) in the area of slow-learning students’ characteristics with the final and admissibility determination was utilized. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the data, is the descriptive statistics and deductive statistics (Spearman Coefficiency Test).The data show that there is significant correlation between the academic drop between the slow-learning students and the parents’ interaction with the teachers. Teachers have considered “the interaction of parents with teachers and students” and “The interaction of slow-learning students with other students” to have a consececutive relative frequency of 73/3% and 80% towards being weak and the results of “parents’ opinion polling” indicates the lack of improper interaction of teachers with them as such that 63/3% of the parents have indicated that the learning atmosphere of slow-learning children does not encourage learning.At the end of the research, to improve the quality process of educating slow-learning students in regular elementary and intermediate schools, some recommendations have been given in order to elevate “The teachers’ efficiency visa vis the slow learners and “The interaction of the parents with the teachers and the students”

The main goal of education of students with intellectual disabilities is guiding them toward personal, social and economic independence, so that they can feel valuable and useful person in society. Realization of this goal requires the development of appropriate curriculum and educational programs to help students transition from school to work and independent life. One of the fundamental steps to reach the mentioned goal is developing a functional curriculum. a functional curriculum is a curriculum that teaches a functional skills for student with intellectual disabilities that they needed to function in home, work and social settings. Therefore, this paper presents a brief introduction about functional curriculum, then definition and importance of functional curriculum is presented. Also a brief history of functional curriculum is presented and then main components of designing of functional curriculum are discussed. Moreover we represented several example of functional curriculum that available for student with intellectual disabilities. Finally training of functional curriculum is being discussed.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the status of computer games with a linguistic approach in making schools smart for the students suffering from learning disorders with a focus on reading disorder. The authors will try to adopt an approach based on research and development and use their own and their colleagues’ educational and rehabilitation experiences. They also try to discuss the idea of using practical software in making schools smart for the students who suffer from reading disorder and by explaining the status of software's and educational-computer games geared towards specialized services in the area of learning disorders in smart schools in order to describe the designing and using the software for computer games in connection with linguistics and discuss the challenges and the strategies of learning and rehabilitation disorders in reading by taking advantage of computer games. Making schools smart and using functional software at the schools’ level is a new approach which has become one of the main concerns of Iran and some other countries’ guardians of education. Therefore, making schools equipped with useful rehabilitation and educational software's for students with special needs is an extra challenge that requires the interaction of the education and rehabilitation experts with the experts in computer sciences and new educational media.Among children having special needs, there is a significant group who is studying in regular schools and presenting them with special educational and rehabilitional services makes it face limitations and harms. For example, their remedial and compensatory programs need. Technical activities and requires spending extra cost, hiring technical teacher and leaving the classroom repeatedly. And this is while in the direction of making schools smart, using new computer information technology can both minimize these damages and limitations and at the same time increase the efficiency and the improvement coefficiency of disorders.It is important to mention that computer educational games and functional software that are designed based on the new ideas in pathology of learning disorders are able to solve problems of etymology, grammar, comprehension and reading speed in students having learning disorder and as a package of teaching aid in the schools to decrease the difficulties and the volume of the activities for both the special teacher and also the regular one. By doing so, the opportunity for repeating the exercises and teaching those skills disguised as computer games are provided for students suffering from learning disorder.

The blind suffer from sense disability. As a result of the lack of visual sense, they have many problems in learning and cognition. Experts believe that 80% of what children learn is possible through having visual sense. Therefore the blind can not learn things spontaneously the way normal people do. However, with the proper education it is possible to increase the level of progress in these children so much that they can be equal to normal children especially because these children are more dependent on their other senses especially listening and touching; they are also capable of being more attentive and curious. The main role in the progress of the blind’s abilities and talents depends on the optimum use of tools and suitable educational methods. Since graphic art is one of the tools that the blind can rely on to easily communicate with picture and writings, in this research, we are trying to analyze and describe graphic arts and recommend strategies to make them applicable for the blind and provide the opportunity for these individuals to blossom and grow more and more.

The huge number of the students having special academic needs is suffering from cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects the body’s shape and movement. This terminology is used for those students that have communication, sensory, intelligence and epilepsy problems. Most of these students have poor moving co-ordination which means they cannot have any control over delicate movements of their bodies. Since the students with cerebral palsy have multiple disabilities, not only they need special equipment and facilities, they also need the same methods and equipment that are needed for students suffering from blindness, deafness, speech impediment, learning disability, behavioral disorder or mental retardation. Students suffering from cerebral palsy can learn and achieve success only if proper methods, equipment and information technology are used. In this article, the possibilities of using proper educational information and technology for students suffering from cerebral palsy been explored

This research is a controlled test with a random and hidden group. The evaluations for this test were independent. The participant: included 23 young adults suffering from Down syndrome (17 boys and 6 girls with an average age of 15.5 + 1.6) who were randomly put into two groups: The test group (n = 11) and controlled group (n = 12). The progressive tolerance exercises having 6 loaded exercises which were performed 2 times a week for 10 weeks. The participants performed 3 sets of exercises repeating each exercise 12 times or until they get tired of doing so. The controlled group would also do its own activities. The results of the measurement showed that in the beginning and immediately after the research, the muscular power (the maximum repeat) the time of step testing and Grocery Shelving Task (GST) was measured. The findings of the research showed that the muscular strength of the lower members of the test compared to the controlled group had improved. However, no significant difference was seen between the groups as far as the muscular strength of the upper body and the performance of lower body are concerned progressive tolerance practices are safe and doable exercises that can improve lower muscular strength in young adults suffering from Down syndrome