نشریه اندیشه معماری
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Iranian garden is a manifestation of wisdom of the Islamic worldview. Intelligent combination of an Iranian garden (plants, water …) aims in picturing a mentality of the Paradise. The main aim of this research is to examine and study the concept and interpretations of the Islamic worldviews. In this regard, these concepts are studied in reference to Ensan, Al Rahman and Vagheah in particular (three surahs describing Heaven) where heaven has been described in detail. Related interpretations are gathered through library and filed research using a comparative – descriptive- analytical method in five great Iranian gardens. The result of this research shows that the elements in presenting the Iranian garden tries to manifest a symbolic allegory of heaven and the Koranic Gardens of Eden and Iranian gardenizing is an endeavor of spiritual and gnostic attempt of the heaven.

Aesthetics is the matter which often exists in wise men and philosopher's idea. In Islamic philosophy, aesthetics does not have its exact meaning as in West. On viewpoint of mystics, is that aesthetics is mystery and discussion on it is unusual due to its connection to God. This causes caution and less consideration to aesthetics in comparison to its Western version. Therefore, Islamic philosopher's viewpoints on art and aesthetics should be studied through their works. In Islamic view, all the creatures are beautiful due to their link and relation to the creator. In this article, aesthetics in the Koran is considered and Islamic philosopher's view on aesthetics are surveyed and categorized in four eras of Mashaa, Eshragh,Hekmat-e Motaaliye, and contemporary. The research questions include: what are the aesthetics indicators and principles in Islamic view? How can Islamic aesthetic instructions be provided toward urban landscape and landscape architecture? This is achieved through descriptive- analytical survey and the findings are as follow: Islamic philosophers consider pure beauty, God, as the origin of all the beauties. On the other hand, most of the Islamic philosophers are regarded as holistic ones. Meanwhile, some philosophers have moderate viewpoints. Finally, instructions and indicators of the Islamic aesthetics for urban landscape are presented. This world is a path, thus, reinforcement of reminding spiritual factors in landscape matter has its own importance. Also, consideration to both subjective and objective axes in landscape aesthetics is regarded to be emphasized.

Manifestation of circular tower monuments of religious political persons in 8th and 9th Hejra can be seen in the formation of a particular style of memorial monuments within the boundaries of current countries of North and South of Aran river to Eastern Anatolia. This style of architecture is under the title of Azeri style around Aran – Azarbaijan. In this kind of style in setting the outer part of the monument and their artistic decoration of the surface, azure and turquois simple glazed bricks have been used. Recognition of Six monument tower-shaped in the South of Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia and its effects on other religious structures are the findings of this article. The most important factors in developing artistic style of funerary monuments of Aron and Azerbaijan in the same geographical area and political centrality are classified due to social and ethnic identity, cultural and tribal identity congruent. The style in question implies epistemological excellence and influential political religious people of the area in foundation and development of such a style and its similar application for political religious people of the Northern West of the Mazandaran Sea. In regard to this research, outstanding circular memorial monuments are manifested in the cemeteries of the ancestors of the Safavid kings in Ardebil. This article employs a historical cultural approach using descriptive-analytical method through filed study and library research. The aim of this article is to identify and asses the technical and artistic features of the circular monuments of the Aran and Azarbayejan area. The study of the influential factors such as geography, politics, cultural and social environment and homogeneous ethnic identity in creation of identical monuments are taken into account throughout the intended centuries up to the time they were no longer made coincides with the rise of the Safavids. The main question of this article is what factors were involved in the creation and development of identical circular tower monuments in the 8th and 9th Hejra in the area of the North West territories of Mazandaran Sea. Are the buried ones mainly religious or political figures? Which monuments of the area, in terms of art, can be considered outstanding?

Science has always been considered important from two aspects, first it is the main element of the city and secondly it is the need of all human beings in all places and times; moreover, first, house is the family space; second due to its artistic and aesthetic value, study and interest in recognizing the desirable feature of housing has been universal. Beside these subjects, attention to historical experience and identifying ways of responding to family needs in different culture and land along with updating living spaces so that they respond to today’s man and family is a must. Thus, the present study seeks to find answers to What are Islamic worldviews especially in the source texts (as the intellectual foundation of culture) about housing? What methods and forms have Muslims and Iranians chosen for their housing? What is today’s housing condition in comparison to Iranian cultural values? Acknowledging that exact and comprehensive answers to these questions demands questions, discussions and research; taking this opportunity, these issues will be referred to and covered. Evidently, exploitative and analytical approach is employed; this is followed by inductive and analytical methods and finally a creative method is used to present some guidelines.

Throughout history, architecture has been intertwined with the intellectual structures and thoughts of many people. Aesthetics as one of the most influential pillars of giving identity in society has a scientific and applicable nature. These differences in philosophy has affected the worldviews of many thinkers in various fields in East and West. In terms of subject in philosophy ontology is preferred over epistemology. Existentialists intend to show the differences between the presence of man with other forms of being. Molasadra’s existential ideas sees God as the center not man. This article employs Mollasadra’s ontology, as an Eastern philosopher, and Heidegger’s, as a western philosopher, to give a general definition of aesthetics and trace their worldviews in aesthetics of architecture. This article is achieved through library research and aims to consider the similarities and differences of this philosophy in aesthetics of architecture and to determine interpretation of aesthetics criteria in architecture.

Some incidents and their solutions during the imposed war have not occurred according to classified policies of the time, in fact they had divine and metaphysical aspects. This point is the most important assumption of this research. In this regard important questions such as the recognitions of the illumination path, their use and their methods will be discussed. The mind (the worldview of the community warriors), worldviews and beliefs, have direct effect on education therefore it is the most important point of this research. The data collection is through library and field study (the experience of the researcher from the training during the war), phenomenology, pathology and educational space in engineering trends, reviews, description and sample analysis from a technical and engineering viewpoint (in this research Bethat bridge) references to related theories such as Maslow and Kessler, the effects of God’s teachings has classified this research in the framework of a qualitative method. With the description and analysis of the mental space effect (divine and domestic) and Islamic worldview on training and action in the fronts (in this case an engineering architecture) the goal of this research is acheived.

Housing is the immediate related environment with man’s life. A space that both influences and its being influenced. This space is related to the complex concept of family as the major social institution and as integral part of Iranian-Islamic house. The link between home, family and life can create a memorable and immortal sense for its residence. In today’s society, due to social complexities and the penetration of modern thought in deep and traditional concepts of life a kind of rupture and discontinuity between the structure of the house and its meaning has emerged. The aim of this article is to examine the concept of settlement in the architecture of Iranian traditional housing and its comparison with the concept of modern life. This is followed by the pathology of the developed concepts of today’s modern life and a presentation of some suggestion of the concept of traditional settlement. Islamic housing in addition to responding to material needs has the responsibility for spiritual peace and a context for responding to human spiritual needs such as meditation, praying and peacefulness. However, some negative attitudes and destructive forces have effected today’s residency. This in turn has led to the decline of values and concepts of residency. In this article some of these factors and negative consequences are recognized and analyzed. These factors include understanding the authenticity and identity of housing, lack of mental relaxation and loss of dignity and security. The shaping of the economic outlook instead of looking at the property’s value. All in all, by contemplating on the way of living and in regard to Islamic settlement mechanism similarly a reconsideration in house planning and designing becomes desirable this can be achieved by requiring the designers to act in compliance with the principles of Islamic architecture and urban planning and reforming the architectural education. We can provide the grounds for renewing the Islamic settlement concepts in today’s housing.