فهرست مطالب

Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/06/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Ayyoub Malek, Shahrokh Amiri, Afshin Razzaghi-Rezaih, Salman Abdi, Ali Baharigharehgoz Pages 131-137
    Introduction
    Comparison of the demographic characteristics of patients provides useful information to their identification. This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of children and adolescents with autistic disorder (AD).
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional case-control study, 115 children and adolescents with AD were selected from Autism Society Rehabilitation Center in Tabriz, Iran, and 112 normal children and adolescents from the public schools, in 2014. The participants in both groups were matched regarding age and gender. Diagnosis of AD was performed using diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and clinical diagnostic interviews by two child and adolescent psychiatrists. The demographic information of children and adolescents and their parents were collected from the medical records of children and interviews with their mothers.
    Results
    Most of the children with autism had second or higher birth order and had families with more than three members. Mothers of children with autism had significantly lower levels of education and were mostly housewives. Fathers of autistic children mostly had high school diploma and fewer had university education, and most of them were employed. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the AD group and the control group regarding the average height and weight of children and the residence (urban or rural) and age of parents at childbirth.
    Conclusion
    The demographic characteristics of the two groups of children and adolescents with AD and normal controls were different from each other regarding family size, birth order, parent occupation, and parent education variables.
    Keywords: Demographic, Characteristics, Children, Adolescents, Parents, Autistic Disorder
  • Javad Yazdani, Saeed Hajizadeh*, Yousef Kananizadeh, Bahram Pourghasem-Gargari, Morteza Ghojazadeh Pages 138-142
    Introduction
    One of the treatment techniques for mandibular and midface fractures is intermaxillary fixation (IMF), but treatment with IMF interferes with normal nutrition, and malnutrition can affect the result of the treatment and patient’s recovery.
    Methods
    Paraclinical factors including lipid profile and protein profile indexes which are diagnostic for malnutrition were evaluated in this study to point out how treatment with IMF changes these indexes. In this study, 60 patients were treated with 4 weeks of IMF, the lipid profile and protein profile indexes for these patients were measured before and after the treatment.
    Results
    The albumin (Alb) decreased during this period, but a slight increase was shown in the hemoglobin (Hb) level. All lipid profile indexes such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) decreased during this period but not statistically significant.
    Conclusion
    Treatment with IMF could cause a malnutrition situation although not severe, which makes using nutrition supplements considerable in these cases.
    Keywords: Intermaxillary Fixation, Alb, Hb, TC, LDL, HDL
  • Kamaleddin Hassanzadeh, Parisa Yavari-Kia, Esmaeil Gharehpapagh, Samad Hazhir-Karzar, Hadiseh Kavandi, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad, Hossein Alikhah, Reza Piri* Pages 143-148
    Introduction
    Surgical treatment is increasingly finding a place in the treatment of unilateral obstructive uropathy. This study was designed to investigate the recoverability of renal function following surgical treatment of adult patients with unilateral obstructive uropathy using Lasix 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate renography (DTPA-R) for measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after surgery.
    Methods
    This was a prospective study which included 29 (20 males and 9 females) consecutive adult patients with a diagnosis of unilateral renal obstruction and a normal contralateral kidney. The obstruction and malfunction of the contralateral kidney were confirmed with Lasix DTPA-R. For all the patients, surgical treatment of the unilateral kidney obstruction was performed, and post-surgical measurement of the function of the treated kidney was also applied using Lasix DTPA-R.
    Results
    The mean age of the patients was 42.24 years. According to our results, the average of pre-operation GFR was 17.48 ± 9.10 ml/minute/1.73 m2 and post-operation GFR was 26.4 ± 11.2 ml/minute/1.73 m2. It is approved that the GFR increased 8.92 ± 6.30 ml/minute/1.73 m2 after surgery. The most increased rate of GFR was observed in the group with the impaired kidney with GFR > 20 ml/minute. It is approved that the rate of recovery in the patients with preoperational total GFR > 75 ml/minute and also 50
    Conclusion
    Our findings demonstrated that in unilateral obstructive uropathy if the GFR of the impaired kidney is > 10 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or total GFR > 25 ml/minute/1.73 m2 the functional recovery of damaged kidney could be expected following the removal surgery.
    Keywords: Unilateral Obstructive, Uropathy, Kidney Function, Reversibility, Surgical Treatment
  • Saber Ghaffari-Fam, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Hassan Heydari, Roghaye Vaseghi-Amiri, Amin Daemi, Hossein Ali Nikbakht* Pages 146-169
    Introduction
    Almost one-third of the world’s population is at risk of exposure to tuberculosis (TB) infection. The aim of this study is to describe some patterns of TB in the Babol, Iran, to analyze the current situation and to improve the care of these patients.
    Methods
    This was a cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from medical records pertained to patients with TB of Health Network of Babol County. The variables of interest were demographic characteristics and some clinical patterns. To describe data, indices such as mean ± SD and frequency (percent) was used. Furthermore, analysis of the data was performed by inferential statistical techniques of chi-square, independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance test.
    Results
    Two hundred patients with TB were enrolled. The average age of cases were 47.51 years [standard deviation (SD) = 21.36] and 58.5% of them were males. Age groups of 18-40 and over 60 years old comprised the majority of patients with TB 39.0 and 31.5%, respectively. The median interval time between beginning symptoms and confirmed diagnosis of TB was 56.5 days with interquartile range (IQR) of 56 days. The greatest of the time interval of beginning symptoms and diagnosis belonged to the age group of below 7 years old. The greatest time interval from confirmed diagnosis to treatment pertained to the age groups of 18-40 and 7-18, respectively. In terms of pulmonary TB, 120 (80.0%) were smear positive and 30 (20.0) smear negative. In terms of medicines given to the patients with TB, 181 (90.5%) were completed the treatment and improved, 6 (3.0%) absence of treatment, and 13 (6.5%) died as a result of TB and other causes.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that adults and elderly comprise the highest proportion of TB. The primary prevention and control programs for education and timely referral to the Health Network may be effective in diminishing the morbidity due to TB.
    Keywords: Epidemiology, Risk factor, Mycobacterium, Tuberculosis Complex, HIV, TB Co-Infection, Iran
  • Leili Abedi, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani* Pages 149-156
    Introduction
    Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death worldwide which usually occurs among people aged between15-29 years. In most LAMICs, half of fatal road traffic injuries occur among motorcyclists, which little is known about purpose of riding among motorcycle riders.
    Objectives
    To map out epidemiological aspects of motorcycle traffic injuries with a focus on purpose of riding among victims admitted to referral centers, Tabriz, Iran. Materials/Patients and
    Methods
    A descriptive study was carried out on 200 motorcycle traumatic patients admitted to Shohada and Imam Reza trauma centers in Tabriz((because these two hospitals are referral for trauma in East Azarbyjan Province), Iran from April till November 2013. A questionnaire was filled out through face to face interview for all subjects. Statistical analysis was done using Stata version 11.
    Results
    All subjects were male with mean age of 29 years old. Among injured riders, 70% and 22% of them used helmet and had a riding license, respectively. About 23% of motorcycle riders stated that their main purpose of motorcycle riding was only for fun. Among motorcycle riders who used the motorcycle for fun purposes, the rate of helmet wearing was 43.5% versus 78% among those riding for other purposes (P 0.05; Odd ratio=1. 56, 95% CI: 0. 67-3.4). Crashes have happened more in the summer and during the afternoon times.
    Conclusion
    Motorcyclists who rode motorcycles for fun and amusement, not having rider licenses and helmets wearing were less than other motorcycle riders. Since motorcyclists are mainly young, the rate of risky behavior in this group is higher. Therefore, it is suggested that young motorcycle riders who ride for fun, needs the priority for safety promotion intervention.
    Keywords: Riding for fun, Helmet, licensure, Motorcycle traffic accidents, Motorized 2-wheelers, Iran
  • Mehdi Mohtashamipour, Shervin Ghaffari Ghaffari Hoseini, Nader Pestehchian, Hoseinali Yousefi, Esmaeel Fallah*, Teimour Hazratian Pages 157-163
    Introduction
    Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of certain infections; however, little is known about the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in them. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with DM in comparison with a healthy control group.
    Methods
    This case-control study was conducted on 118 patients with DM and 118 healthy people as control group from April to September 2014. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c level were checked, and checklists including risk factors for parasitic infections were filed for all participants. Three stool samples and one scotch tape were obtained. Samples were examined by direct wet smear, formol-ether concentration, Kinyoun acid-fast staining, and modified trichrome stain. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests.
    Results
    The rate of parasitic infection was significantly more in the patients (26.3%) than the controls (6.8%) (P
    Conclusion
    Patients with DM might be at an increased risk of infection with intestinal parasites specifically B. hominis as an opportunistic infection, and routine stool examination should be considered for them.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Intestinal parasitic infection, Blastocystis hominis
  • Bina Eftekhar-Sadat, Seyyed Hasan Niknejad-Hosseyni, Arash Babaei-Ghazani, Vahideh Toopchizadeh*, Homayoun Sadeghi Pages 170-177
    Introduction
    This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of translated and adapted version of Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) questionnaire in Persian language speaking patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.
    Methods
    100 consecutive patients, attended 3 major referral rehabilitation centers at the northwest of Iran, were asked to answer two disease-specific questionnaires WOMAC and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). The same patients were readmitted for refilling the same questionnaire 24-48 hours after the first visit. Internal consistency, reliability, and validity were assessed.
    Results
    There were statistically significant correlations between WOMAC and KOOS in case of the pain (P
    Conclusion
    We found that this Persian version of WOMAC questionnaire is a reliable and valid version for evaluating the knee OA.
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Knee, Western Ontario, McMaster Universities, Health Status, Trial Methodology
  • Alireza Farnam, Ali Jahan, Maryam Shirzadi, Sara Farhang* Pages 178-182
    Introduction
    The assessment of the verbal repetition is important in the study of acquired language disorders and neuropsychology. It is helpful in differential diagnosis of aphasia subtypes, auditory breakdowns, and working memory (WM) performance. Though different linguistic disorders have been identified in patients with schizophrenia, very little is known about their verbal repetition ability.
    Methods
    The present study was conducted in the inpatient ward of Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during the year 2013. Participants were: 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia during the maintenance phase of treatment and 30 healthy people as control group. They were asked to repeat 15 words and 15 nonwords immediately. The stimuli were 1, 2, and 3 syllabic in Turkish language. Any incorrect repetition scored 1 and correct repetitions scored 0. Lexicalization errors were compared between groups too.
    Results
    Both groups repeated words better than nonwords. Patients showed lower ability to repeat nonwords than controls, especially in 3 syllabics. There was no significant difference in the repetition of words between groups though it was better in controls. Patients with schizophrenia made more errors in both words and nonwords and lexicalization errors were twice more.
    Conclusion
    Lower ability to repeat nonwords (than words) in patients with schizophrenia may show the involvement of phonological loop of WM. More lexicalization errors may take place because of dis-inhibition.
    Keywords: Schizophrenia, Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, Phonological Impairment
  • Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee, Gholamhassan Shahbazi*, Alka Hasani, Mohammad Asgharzadeh, Ali Akbar Rahim-Rahimi, Masoud Alebouyeh Pages 183-189
    Introduction
    To investigate the prevalence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in children
    Methods
    A total of 303 diarrheal stool samples from patients admitted to Tabriz children¢s hospital (the referral center in East Azerbaijan province of Iran) with diagnosis of gastroenteritis were enrolled in cross-sectional study for detection of three virulence genes using MPCR.
    Results
    EAEC infection was found in 55 cases (18.2%). aspU gene was the most frequently detected gene (51 of 55). Of 55 EAEC 27 (49.1%) had only aspU gene, 4 (7.3%) just pCVD432 gene and 24 (43.6%) samples had both genes (aspU and pCVD432) simultaneously. There was no sample harboring aggR gene. Prevalence of EAEC among girls and boys were 14.6% (18/123) and 20.5% (37/180), respectively. Prevalence of EAEC according to the age group was 17% for 0-5 years (42 of 247) and 23.2% for 5-10 years (13 of 56). There was no significant association between prevalence of EAEC and the age groups and also the gender of the patients (P > 0.05).
    Conclusion
    The present study revealed the high prevalence of EAEC in children with diarrhea in this region that should be more considered in preventing, diagnosis and treatment strategies. We conclude that using multiple virulence genes simultaneously for detection of this strain is necessary to gain reliable results with pointing to aspU as preferred gene for detecting EAEC when diagnosis based on the presence of one virulence marker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of EAEC strains in the northwest of Iran.
    Keywords: Enteroaggregative, Escherichia coli, Gastroenteritis, Iran
  • Ali Ghavidel* Pages 190-193
    Introduction
    Hepatic venous outflow block or Budd-Chiari syndrome is a severe liver disease with a 3 years survival rate of 50%. Several conditions have been implicated as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome, including myeloproliferative disorders, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, the presence of lupus anti-coagulant, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and others. In a small number of cases, Budd-Chiari syndrome is associated with the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are similar to lupus anti-coagulant antiphospholipid antibodies (APLAs), which have been described in patients with recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, fetal loss, or miscarriage.
    Case Report: A 23-year-old woman is reported with Budd-Chiari syndrome in whom lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies were shown; 9 months after diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment with steroids admitted with gastrointestinal problems, abdominal pain and ascites and treated oral anticoagulants induced a considerable improvement. This treatment was continued after 1 year, but interruption was followed by redevelopment of ascites. Further treatment with anticoagulants was continued for 5 years with noticeable improvement.
    Conclusion
    Patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome should be tested for lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies, Budd-Chiari syndrome resulting from this cause may have a good response to treatment with oral anticoagulants; this treatment should be maintained permanently, and pregnancy in such patients may initiate serious difficulties. The condition of the patient at follow-up was good.
    Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Budd-Chiari Syndrome, Nephrotic Syndrome