Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Infectious diseases have threatened human health throughout the history. One way of transmission of such diseases is exposing to the needle sticks. The present study was carried out aiming to introduce and investigate risk factors related to needle sticks and ways of prevention of infectious diseases related to needle stick among health care staff.
Searching key words including needle sticks, occupational injuries, occupational exposures (OEs) and infectious diseases, the researchers undertook a comprehensive investigation regardless of publication year of the reviewed articles in references including, Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Then the collected articles were scrutinized and processed.
Dealing with needle sticks can transmit more than 20 types of pathogens including Hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among health care staff, nurses are more vulnerable compared to others.
Exposure to blood and other risky body liquids is a serious risk factor among health care workers. Training medical staff, establishing reporting systems, changing high risk behaviors and vaccination can play an important role in prevention of the infectious diseases.

The purpose of this study was to identify the causative agents of urinary tract infections as one of the most common bacterial infections and their resistance patterns to used antibiotics.
The current cross sectional study was carried out on urine specimens retrieved from patients with urinary infections in the Central Laboratory of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2013-14. After culture-based identification of isolates, antibiogram was conducted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol.
Out of 56,564 urine specimens, 3,205 (5.7%) were positive in terms of urine culture, 77.3% belonged to women, and 22.7% belonged to men. Moreover, the results showed that Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium responsible for urinary infection. According to the obtained results of antibiogram test, most cases of bacterial resistance were respectively related to ampicillin (74.2%), cephalothin (68.1%), and co-trimoxazole (54%), and the most bacterial sensitivity belonged to amikacin (79%), nitrofurantoin (77.8%), and gentamicin (74.5%), respectively.
This study showed that most of the bacteria isolated belonged to the family of Gram negative bacilli. The antibiotic resistance pattern of microorganism is responsible for urinary infections in different regions. Comparing the results of the present study with previous studies carried out in this region and around the world showed an increasing trend. Therefore, it seems necessary to consume antibiotic drugs correctly and reasonably, and administer them based on antibiogram

Epilepsy is one of the chronic neurological disorders with an incidence rate of 3% in the normal population. Epilepsy may render behavioral changes so that affected people are prone to prolonged interpersonal difficulties. In order to evaluate co-morbidities and potential personality changes, the study was conducted among the patients with epilepsy in an Iranian population.
The study was a cross-sectional one with a convenience sampling method. The data of 74 patients with epilepsy and 74 non-epileptic patients were collected by clinical interview and Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI-III) and were analyzed by SPSS software.
The average age was 31.70. The highest scores gained in epileptic patients were in narcissistic 14.04 (4.53%), obsessive 14.26 (4.30%), and negativistic domains 14.15 (5.24%), while histrionic 76.38 (28.54%) and obsessive 61.74 (24.03%) patterns were obtained in non-epilepticpeople. There were significant differences between the two groups in all areas except for the debasement index (Z score) and the negativistic personality disorder. There was a significant positive correlation between narcissistic and obsessive personality patterns and post-traumatic stress disorder with education, as well as between sex and drug dependency. Economic and marital status showed correlations with schizoid personality and sadistic personality, respectively.
Patients with tonic-clonic seizures have although difficulties in personality (negativistic) and clinical syndrome areas but the results showed lower scores in subscales except for disclosure (X index) compared with non-epileptic individuals. They are more inclined to disclose the problems with worse mental health conditions than non-epileptic people.

Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) cycle like in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) is an expensive procedure with low implantation and pregnancy rate. Endometrial pattern and thickness are suggested as the factors of endometrial receptivity and predictors of IVF-ICSI success. The correlation between endometrial pattern and thickness with pregnancy rate in IVF-ICSI cycles was evaluated in this study.
In this study, 150 patients with 150 cycles were included. Ovulation induction was performed by antagonist protocol and in the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration, thickness and pattern of endometrium were measured by transvaginal sonography. Two weeks after embryo transfer, pregnancy rate was defined by blood HCG and the correlation between pregnancy rate with thickness and pattern of endometrium in the day of HCG administration was evaluated.
Pregnancy rate in triple line pattern (TLP) was significantly higher than homogenous hypoechoic pattern (P = 0.006). Endometrium thickness was significantly higher in cases of pregnancy (P 9.5 mm in predicting pregnancy rate was 77.50% and 77.50%, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of TLP alone or combined with endometrium thickness were 87.50%, 35.45%, 67.50% and 80.90%, respectively.
Thickness and pattern of endometrium both could predict pregnancy occurrence. Having TLP along with endometrium thickness > 9.5 mm, the possibility of pregnancy following IVF-ICSI increases.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition with incidence of 30-100 per million individuals. It is introduced as the 4th disease among life-threatening diseases. The present study was carried out with the aim to compare serum level of procalcitonin (PCT) at the time of diagnosis and at the end of treatment period among patients with IE.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed in department of infectious diseases and cardiology on the patients with IE, PCT level was measured at the time of diagnosis and at the end of treatment period.
In this study, 50 patients with IE were evaluated. All of them were febrile. Positive blood culture (PBC) was found among 36% of patients. Involvement of tricuspid valve was detected among 34% of patients. Mean level of PCT was 3.50 ± 13.78 and 14.12 ± 0.00 mg/dl at the time of diagnosis and at the end of treatment period, respectively. Hence, the PCT level at the end of treatment period was significantly lower than that at the time of diagnosis.
PCT along with other laboratory and clinical biomarkers can be useful in primary diagnosis and evaluation of response to treatment among patients with IE.

This study was conducted in order to compare the attachment styles of the patients suffering from major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with those of the healthy people.
In this case-control study, a total number of 60 male/female patients with MDD and OCD were categorized into three 20-subject groups, then 20 healthy people were included in one control group. The study instruments were Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Style Questionnaire (version 1993), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The data were analyzed using chi-square test.
There was a significant difference between the attachment styles of the healthy people and the patients suffering from MDD (P This study indicated that there was a significant difference between the attachment styles of patients with MDD, OCD, and GAD, and the healthy people. This finding indicates that in the etiology of mental disorders, the effects of attachment styles should not be disregarded.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the major problems of health system in the countries. In a subgroup of these patients, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) improves the quality of life by enhancing the function of the left ventricle (LV) and preventing of arrhythmias. The present study intends to discuss the effect of CRT-D on the QRS dispersion, as a predisposing factor to arrhythmias.
45 patients treated with CRT-D during 2012-2015 were enrolled in this study. QRS dispersion in various V-V delays was measured and its association with the incidence of arrhythmias, at least six months after insertion, was assessed.
The results showed that QRS dispersion in the intrinsic mode was significantly lower than the other modes of the CRT-D device (P

Lead poisoning usually occurs in occupational situations, however, there are sometimes non-occupational toxicities and opium-related lead poisoning has been reported recently. Neuropathy due to lead poisoning can also occur.
Case Report: In this study, a 43 year old man with a history of oral opium use with the complaint of progressive muscle weakness was reported. Muscle forces in the upper and lower limbs were 0/5 and 1/5, respectively. Serum lead level was 88.8 μg/dl. Electrodiagnostic studies were indicative of subacute moderate to severe axonal motor polyneuropathy. Following the treatment, the muscle force was improved and lead level was decreased.
Motor neuropathy due to lead poisoning is a rare but possible complication. Due to the increased incidence of opium related lead toxicity in Ardabil, Iran, we recommend to consider lead poisoning as one of the possible differential diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy to initiate early and proper treatment.