نشریه مطالعات علوم محیط زیست
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار 1396)

Infrastructure and industrial minerals make up the community. From the beginning of his human creation throughout history, in terms of needs and knowledge of minerals has been used. All in all minerals to exploit the various modes and methods. In other words: the minerals that make up the foundation of civilization. In this study, in order to model the deposit of Neygenan lead and using data from exploratory existing range of deposit by software, Surpac 6.2 per point is determined and then considering the location and behavior of faults, connect the sections to each other. The hollow shell made of lead and silver. According to the calculations, the best method will be Shrinkage Stoping. Project involving the performance, capacity or breadth, scope of work, the necessary resources and appropriate technology, methods of work, budget and project schedule, product feasibility studies. Feasibility studies, as appropriate magnitude and complexity and location of each project is done by an expert group.

Carbon dioxide as the most important greenhouse gas caused global warming and climate change. Considering that the most important source of carbon dioxide emissions is thermal power plants, this study illustrates the factors including population, affluence and technology influencing on carbon dioxide emissions from Iran’s power plants over the period of 1980-2012. The STIRPAT model and cointegration regression were used to determine the contribution of factors affecting on carbon dioxide emissions. Population, GDP per capita, household consumption ratio are the contributors to carbon dioxide emissions increments, while energy efficiency, energy structure in power plants, ratio of electrical energy produced from renewable energy, ratio of electricity added value to total electricity value plays negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions.

Urban green spaces as an integral and essential component in the metabolism of the body of cites one of them is capable of Major Role. The lack of them can cause serious damage to urban life. The results show that urban green spaces have social and ecological efficiency. The most important green space in cities, functions of environmental or ecological efficiency is for city makes favorable environment and The adverse effects on the development of industry and transport and improve the quality of life of the citizens against the In this study, we investigated Access at the regional level according to current standards and by taking other urban factors, by providing appropriate pattern for optimal distribution of green space in the area is using GIS. To achieve this aim the criteria is located in an area with the appropriate users as wasteland, proximity to educational centers, cultural centers and population centers, network access and communication between facilities, factories and petrol stations in the city and away from the park were used green space. Then, for each of the factors affecting the location of parks, green space, information layers in GIS environment was prepared and for each of the layers was conducted weighted. Then, to modeling, to each layer of information based on their importance locate parks and green space has been reclaimed using appropriate weight AHP model According to the map of places that are rated higher, such as wasteland and open spaces close to the cultural and educational centers have higher priority.

Urban parks are among the most suitable places for tourists and visitors. In addition to relaxing, it can also be suitable for bird-like things. Mountainous Forest Park is one of the urban parks in Isfahan. Due to the availability of tourism facilities and design, it always has a large number of visitors It also brings joy to the tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of the park and the threats to the area. In this study, we tried to divide the region into 10 stations and measure the sound with a Casstel440 device from the inlet to the end of the passable pedestrian pathway to describe the conditions of tourism in the park. The results of this study indicate that compared to the end stations, due to their appropriate facilities for tourists, the initial stations of the route increase the amount of false alarms created in the area.

In this paper, the international standards on Radio Frequency Exposure investigated based on public and occupational categouries. Here, their exposure level presented in three main frequency bands: AM, VHF and UHF. Clearly, the calculations done based on two Hypothetical frequencies, 862 MHZ in UHF band and 1500 KHz in AM band to achieve exact standards’ level. Finnaly, the allowed exposure level of different standards compared to each other. According to the results, stringest standards are ANSI/IEEE C95/1 in VHFand AM frequency bands and Russian standard in UHF frequency band 0.2(mW/cm2) power density.
The easiest standards are American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) in VHF frequency band, Safety code 6(Canada) in UHF band with 28.72 (mW/cm2) power density and Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and ACGIH in AM band.
Finally, the most important reasons to have different standards in the world explained. The Iranian national standard is based on International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

The present study evaluates the recreational value of Bemo National Park in Fars province from viewpoint of visitors and factors affecting people's willingness to pay. The conditional valuation method and two-dimensional double-choice questionnaire have been used to estimate the recreational value of the park. The statistical population of this study includs visitor from the park and the natives around the park visited this place in spring 2017. Using the logit regression model, we measure the willingness to pay the visitors and effective socioeconomic factors for using the benefits of the park. Based on the maximum likelihood method, the model parameters are estimated. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the willingness to pay people with gender variables, distance to park, personal income, number of visits, and suggested prices. Also, the average willingness to pay for each person to visit this park was 28961.2 Rials and the willingness to pay per household per year was 98757.69 Rials. The total annual recreational value of this park is 57922400 million Rials. Regarding field observations of the researchers of this study from the park's environment and 73.7 percent of sample respondents who stated that their satisfactions with the lack of amenities and the health of the park's environment, and although national parks have high recreational value; the recreational value Recreation per each hectare of this park was estimated at 1206.717 Rials per year. Considering that the Bemo National Park has high tourism capacity, the increase of park amenities and health facilities by officials and executive, social and economic managers can attract more tourists to the region.

In this research, the attempt is to introduce a probabilistic and statistical Method for identifying late winter frost in the west of Iran, applying statistical methods and Markov chain modeling. To do so, the acquired data about minimum temperature from 37 Synoptic stations and 2 Climatology stations of the 35-year period (1980-2014) were provided by the Meteorological Organization of the country. Then, by performing an interpolation, through Kriging method, for a period of 12784 days, in the time period under consideration, with 6 6 kilometer spatial resolution and a UTM video system, a network database was created. In this survey a late winter frosting event for each area of the surveyed region is a day in which the occurrence probability of a frost is 10% or less. Hence, for each day of the year and each cell (pixel) from the surveyed area, the occurrence probability of frost was estimated. The computational stages of the occurrence probability of frost included using the Markov chain in the MATLAB software and the maps were drawn in the Surfer software. The achievements reveal that in the southwest of the region, the late winter frost date is between 25 February and 5 March and in the north of the region between 21 April and 15 May. The severity of the late winter frosts in the southwestern area of the region is more than the northern part.

Environmental pollution and factors affecting it are important in any economy. The main goal of this study is the impact of economic growth, energy consumption, financial development and economic openness on environmental pollution in the Iranian economy during 1986 to 2016. Then the environmental Kuznets hypothesis is of particular importance to consider. The model estimate of environmental pollution is the new form of econometric method like dynamic model of Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Johanson-Joselius. Results show positive relationship between per capita income and environmental pollution variables. The relationship between squared per capita income and environmental pollution are negative. So the environmental Kuznets hypothesis was true in Iran, and Iran is on the upward environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Between energy consumption and pollution there is also a positive relationship. Though there was no clear relationship between the financial development and economic openness variables with the environmental pollution.

Rapid growth in cities is a global phenomenon that is influenced by various environmental, human, political and economic factors. Providing better service to citizens and their convenience access to urban facilities are of urban planners and managers priorities. Proper site Selection is one of the most important factors in housing. Moreover, due to its multi-dimensional nature, it is in fact a complex process. Applying decision-making models in site allocation leads to the optimized site selection. One of the decision-making models is the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Under this model, the criteria and sub-criteria are ranked and the best option is selected.
This paper, with the objective of residential complex site selection, employed descriptive-analytical method to introduce physical-environmental criteria and sub-criteria effective in an appropriate residential land use site selection. Binary comparison matrices of Thomas L. Saaty were applied to assess the average weight of each criteria and sub-criteria and for their ranking. For prioritizing and weighting the criteria the viewpoints of expert designers and urban planners are asked through a survey. As a field study, the results are used to rank 3 case studies of residential sites based on physical-environmental criteria.