مجله طب نظامی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار 1389)

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, which is defined as a decrease in bone mass. This disease is known with the change and destruction or reduction of skeletal structure and increased risk of fracture. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors in decreasing bone density in premenopausal women. Methods ­: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 644 premenopausal women who were referred to bone densitometry center of a hospital in Tehran participated in the research. Then, based on bone densitometry results the participants were divided into two groups: bone density loss 9 case groups) and normal bone density (control group). The information associated with risk factors of bone density loss were collected by osteoporosis Canadian standard questionnaire and was analyzed with chi square test and T-test.

Amount of spinal osteoporosis was 8.9% and the rate of osteopenia in these areas was 53.4%. There was significant difference between the case and control groups among the risk factors in calcium deficiency, lactose intolerance, history of corticosteroid drugs, methotrexate, anticonvulsants, disease of rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, thalassemia minor and lower than 58kg weight.

The factors such as diet and the lack of consumption of dairy products, pharmaceutical parameters including corticosteroids and Methotrexate and glandular or rheumatologic diseases are among the important and effective factors in reduction of bone density in postmenopausal women.

Evaluating the impairment and permanent disability aiming at determining the ability of employment or repayment is one concern of all industrial and the developing societies. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of permanent impairment in a military supreme medical commission.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, all 619 referred applicants of compensation or repayment claims and disability percentage which had records during 2006 were included. After data collection, permanent impairment percentage calculated according to AMA (American Medical Association) Guide, then, the obtained results were compared with the allocated values in the patient’s record. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis methods, Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square.

Allocated mean percentage in the individuals referred to the commission had no statistically significant difference in terms of different age groups, various groups of working experience, gender, different employment status and various services forces. The mean of allocated impairment percentage in a military supreme medical commission was significantly higher than the calculated impairment percentage mean with AMA Guide rating (p<0.05).

Calculation of impairment rating corresponds with criteria and directions and to some extent different from AMA. The necessity of more collaboration of counselor and colleague physicians and developing a single recipe or instruction and the lack of consideration of the severity of occurrence are among the issues which need revision.

­Inhalation of sulfur mustard (HD) gas causes inflammation of airways and bronchioles. Macrophages are phagocytic cells which spread out all over the body tissues. Hexamethylenetetramine [HMT] has been shown to protect human lung cells against HD and phosgene. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of HMT on macrophages of the lung tissue in the rats infected by two different doses of HD.

42 male rats with weighs of 200±20g were randomly divided into 8 groups of NS, HMT, HD1, HD2, Pre1, Pre2, Post1 and post 2. HD1, Pre1 and Post1 groups received 0.5 % HD, HD2, Pre2 and Post2 groups received 0.25% HD and NS groups received Normal Saline (as endotracheal) and HMT group received 7.5mg/kg of this medicine (as intra-peritoneal). 5 groups of HMT, Pre1, Pre2, Post1 and post 2 received the medicine for 14 days. Results­:­ Results of the counting of macrophages revealed significant increase in the number of macrophages in HD groups comparing with NS group. In addition, macrophages significantly increased in the HD1 comparing with HD2. Macrophages significantly increased in HD1&Pre1 comparing with HMT group. Macrophages significantly decreased in Pre and Post groups comparing with HD groups.

HMT have therapeutic and protective effects on the lung tissue against HD.