مجله طب نظامی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 58، زمستان 1393)

Phosphorous (P) is one of the military wastewater pollutants which has a key role in water resource eutrophication. The aim of this study was to analyze the kinetics and thermodynamics of the P adsorption by using bone charcoal (BC). BC was prepared in 400 °C and 2 h and pulverized via ASTM standard sieves in the range of 35-100 mesh. The structure of BC was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The concentration of P was analyzed by spectrophotometer methods. Analysis of data was performed with pseudo first -order and pseudo second -order kinetic models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich and Dubinin-Radushkovich (D-R) models. The main component of BC is calcium hydroxyl apatite. The adsorption of P for the preliminary concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/l complies with the pseudo first- order kinetic model but for 50 and 100 mg/l complies with the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The energy of the adsorption reaction is 6.24 J/molºK which implies physical sorption. Based on the Langmuir model the adsorption capacity is 13.2 mg/g. Based on the BC adsorption capacity for P removal, it can be said that this absorbent could be utilized for the elimination of phosphorous and similar pollutants from water and wastewater.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious practice and spiritual well-being with the general health and coping style in soldiers. This study was descriptive correlation. The study population consisted of all the soldiers in a military unit. Among this population, 140 soldiers were randomly selected. In order to gather data, the practice of religious beliefs scale (Temple), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the coping style questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and standard multiple regression. Results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the practice of religious beliefs, general health and coping styles (P<0.05). Also, it has been seen that a significant positive correlation exists between spiritual well-being, general health and coping styles (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis also showed that the practice of religious beliefs and spiritual well-being are able to predict general health and coping styles. The results showed that general health and stress coping strategies were significantly correlated with the practice of religious beliefs and the spiritual well-being of soldiers. In general it can be concluded that in order to increase public health and improve coping skills in the soldiers’ stressful situations, encouraging them to practice religious beliefs can be extremely effective.

As to veterans’ special conditions, they are exposed to psychological disorders more than others. It seems that veterans’ social-economic activities, can enroll them as a membership of social networks or groups. This membership can lead to more social support, and then more or less psychological stresses and depression. Also, successful economic activities can increase self-confidence and eliminate psychological traumas caused by unemployment. The present research examines the relation and coherence of veterans’ social-economic activities and their anxiety and depression degree. The researcher used a self-made questioner for assessing the social-economic activities degree and the Beck and S.A.S questioners for depression and anxiety. Fifty seven percent of veterans have no depression problems and 41% need consulting or therapy. 55.6% have no anxiety problems, 15.5% suffer from anxiety to some extent and 16.5% have severe anxiety. There is a negative meaningful relation between social-economic activities and depression and a positive meaningful relation between social-economic activities and anxiety. An increase in social-economic activities accompanies with reducing depression and increasing anxiety. Increasing veterans’ social-economic activities has a strong meaningful relation with decreasing depression, and a weak relation with increasing anxiety.

The present study was aimed to investigate the war veterans’ mental health based on spiritual well-being and life satisfaction. The research method was descriptive correlational. The study samples included 210 veterans who had records in the Veterans Foundation in Tehran. They were selected randomly and responded to the questionnaires of mental health, spiritual well-being, and life satisfaction. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software by using multivariate regression. The result showed that, there is a significant relationship between the variables of spiritual well-being, life satisfaction and mental health. Spiritual well-being and satisfaction are also capable to explain 23.3% of mental health in veterans. Veterans with higher life satisfaction and spiritual well-being have better mental health.

Office personnel require the extensive use of computers to get the work done. This usually entails maintaining static posture for a long time. Today due to the frequent use of computers in offices, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with computer work is on the rise. This study has aimed to investigate the musculoskeletal disorders risk factors among office personnel using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method and implemented an educational intervention to reduce such risk factors. The subjects of this interventional study were 106 office personnel of Aja University of Medical Sciences. In order to investigate the risk factors causing musculoskeletal disorders, the ROSA method was used before and after the intervention. To maximize the personnel’s awareness about ergonomic improvements and adjustments of workstations, an educational intervention program was employed. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS V16. The mean scores for the mouse and keyboard and monitor and phone before and after the educational intervention were reduced. The decrease was statistically significant (P<0.001).The means of the ROSA final scores before and after the intervention were significantly different (P<0.001). ROSA is an appropriate method for assessing the risk factors contributing the musculoskeletal disorders among office personnel. Through this method we can mainly identify and eliminate the ergonomically related shortcomings in workstations.

The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between physical-mental health and spirituality with self-efficacy in the staff members of a military organization. This study was a correlation research. The population of this study included the staff members of one of the Iranian military organizations. Among these staff, 544 members were selected by using cluster proportional with volume sampling. The instruments were Sheer's Self-efficacy Questionnaire, SF36 Questionnaire and Spirituality Questionnaire (SQ). Result were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions by SPSS16 software. The results indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between both physical-mental health and self-efficacy, and also spirituality and self-efficacy (P<0/01). Moreover the results of multiple regressions showed that the prediction variants explain the certified variants meaningfully. Physical-mental health has a more share in predicting and explaining self-efficacy. The results showed that the self-efficacy of military staff can be increased by improving physical-mental health and spirituality.

This study aims to analyze the gap between the expectations and reality on five dimensions of health care in a military medical center. This research was performed using a SERVQUAL Model. This cross sectional study was carried out in a military medical center in 2013. A random sample of 104 patients were enrolled. Data gathering was done using a standard SERVQUAL questionnaire. The service recipients filled out the expectation section of the questionnaire considering ideal conditions. They also filled out the perception section of the questionnaire considering the current situation. At the end, these two sections determined the base of quality gap. Results revealed that the highest gap was considered in the Accessibility dimension (‑1.19) and the lowest gap was considered in the Assurance dimension (-0.61). The quality gap was statistically meaningful in all the dimensions (P<0.001). According to these results, in all the dimensions of service quality a negative gap exists. The studied center needs serious efforts in order to integrate the services offered to patients. The service quality gap needs greater attention especially in the accessibility dimension.

According to the role of exercise on the rate of occupational burnout, the purpose of this research was to compare occupational burnout among athletic and non-athletic military personnel in a military training center in order to evaluate the role of exercise on occupational burnout. In this descriptive - comparative research, 250 staff from an army training center in the Isfahan province, were selected as an available sample. In order to determine the level of occupational burnout and the rate of physical activity, the Jackson Maslach and Beck questionnaires were used. In the end, data were collected, and were analyzed using t-test as well as Pearson correlation and SPSS 17 software. The most important finding in this study was that all the three dimensions of occupational burnout including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal achievements were lower in athletic military staff compared to the non-athletic staff. As a conclusion, findings reveal that sport and physical activities can increase human being capacity to cope with psychological pressures in the workplace.

In the psychology of sport, considering the different effects of regular exercise on personality and psychology are very important. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation and its nine components between semi‑professional and amateur athletes. The present study is a causal-comparative study. The population of this study included 100 people (50 semi-professional athletes and 50 amateur athletes) employed in a military medical hospital. These athletes who were chosen by an accidental random sampling method, completed the Granefski and Kraaij (2006) Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17. The result in this study showed that there is a meaningful difference between non-professional athletes and amateurs in regards to cognitive emotion regulations (p<0/005).This means that semi- professional athletes have a more adapted cognitive emotion regulation compared to amateur athletes. The results of this study show that regular exercise can effect various aspects of a person’s personality and psychology such as cognitive emotion regulation.

According to reports of biting flies in some military unites, this study was conducted to identify the biting fly species and also to determinate the causes of the bite incidence. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during May to July 2013 in a few military unites stationed in Tehran, Iran. In this study, 31 adult feral and domestic pigeons were captured and examined for biting flies. Human biting cases were also checked. In total, all the 66 pieces (31female, 35 male) of Hippoboscid biting flies, which were collected in this study, were identified as, Pseudolynchia canariensis. This is the first report of the pigeon louse fly in Tehran.The prevalence of P. canariensis in pigeons was determined 48.8 (SD= ± 38.8) (n=15), regardless of the types of pigeons. The prevalence of this ectoparasite in the rock dove, Columba livia (Gmelin 1789) was significantly more than the other pigeons including the domestic pigeon, C. livia domestica and the laughing dove, Spilopelia senegalensis.The average frequency index of pigeon louse fly was determined 1.81 (SD= ± 2.3) per each pigeon. Also the 8 cases of human bites from P. canariensis were reported for the first time in Iran. The P. canariensis were distributed among pigeons in Tehran. Due to the rarity of bites of this fly in humans, relatively high reported cases of human bites is important in Tehran. Therefore, these ectoparasites can be controlled by moving the pigeons away from human living environments. This can be achieved by improving the conditions of buildings in order to prevent nest-building. Environmental hygiene can decrease food sources for pigeons and will eventually reduce the abundance of pigeons in the urban human habitats.