نشریه علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 58، پاییز 1392)

This study was conducted to evaluate potential of Chenopodium album for remediation of stable cesium from solutions. Cesium accumulation and tolerance in Chenopodium album plants were also investigated. Using phytoremediation method, hydroponically grown plants were exposed to cesium solutions (0.4-4 mgl-1). Cesium accumulation was 201.83 ± 2.15 to 1032.86 ± 12.21 mg kg-1 after 14d. The results indicated that maximum cesium remediation was 68.08 ± 2.12% that occurred in minimum cesium concentration. Plants trans-located cesium in both roots and shoots that indicated Chenopodium album could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation of cesium.

Development in transport system and numbers of related activities to road construction is increasing in several regions. These activities have some issues including noise pollution which has been engendering the environment in many areas. The negative impact of noise pollution could be observed when threaten species inhabiting in specific area and decreasing of them is the result of this kind of population. It seems the construction of subways for wild life is important in order to protect and keep them away from road accidents during building of Parchin-pasdaran corrective road in khojir national park. Therefore, the major aim of this project was to measure the equivalent sound levelin wildlife crossing. By completion of questionnaires and field observations, it has been found that three days of the week are the most traveling days. The noise pollution has been measured by Castle 440 instrument in eight subways and two stations in each channel during four hours time. For this purpose parameters including Leq, max and min equivalent sound level, height and width of flood channel were measured in this project. Measurement of equivalent sound level was carried out on Wednesday, Monday and Saturday respectively. With regard to the obtained regression and also negative correlation between entrance area and center of the flood channel with equivalent sound level, the amount of noise can beanticipated. The present flood channel area is 4.2 m2 and the standard area for future wildlife crossing is 35 m2. It can be concluded that wildlife crossing which in under construction does not cause any important noise pollution for wildlife.

The stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industries of wastewater treatment. The main objective of this study was investigating the efficiency of Abadan industrial estate wastewater treatment plant by stabilizing ponds. Module 1 of phase 1 was done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant. In this study, the efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten months from February 2004 to December 2005. The general conditions and operation of the plant were considered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH, COD, BOD5, TSS, Total coliform and fecal coliform in influent and effluent were determined. The removal efficiency of pollutants had highest rate in July. The average amounts of COD, BOD, TSS, total and fecal coliform and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l, 440 mg/l, 30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml, 22 ova/l respectively. These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significant difference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) for irrigation or discharged to surface water. For sanitary disposal and to reuse this effluent the optimization of exiting system must be noted.

In this study, A mathematical model has been developed for H2S removal in a bio-filter. The model is used for analyzing the bio-filter performance in steady and unsteady state operation conditions. The governing equations including the concentration distribution equations for pollutant component and oxygen in the gas and biofilm phases were derived based on the conservation laws and solved numerically. The change of pollutant concentration through the bio-filter length and bio film thickness was obtained. The model predictions for removal efficiency and elimination capacity in three different gas flow rates (0.03, 0.07 and 0.14 m3/hr) and different inlet concentrations, compared with the experimental data reported by Oyarzun et al., and the accuracy of the model results was obtained. Also the results of the model for unsteady state operation condition were obtained for 1100 ppm of inlet concentration of H2S. These values compared with the existing experimental data too. Finally the effect of some operation parameters such as: specific surface area of the bed, height of the bed, porosity of the bed and gas flow rate, on the removal efficiency of bio-filter was investigated.

Bearing organic and inorganic pollutants, colored wastewater are an important source of environmental pollution. Removal dyes from dyestuff can be accomplished by various methods such as coagulationflocculation, Fenton regent, ozonation and so on. This work investigated metallic iron as an efficient and inexpensive material for treatment of colored wastewater. Parameters such as pH (3,, , 9 and 11), contact time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min), iron powder concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/L) and initial dye concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) were studied. In addition, experimental data were fitted on pseudo- first order, pseudo-second order and modified pseudo-first order kinetic models. Result showed that dye removal was increased by increasing iron mass and contact time. While decreased by increasing pH of solution. Increasing initial dye concentration of AO7, has increased removal efficiency, while it was decreased by increasing initial dye concentration of RB5. In addition, results showed that pseudo-first order model best describe removal of AO7 (r2> 0.9708) and RB5 (r2>0.9776) by metallic iron. We concluded that metallic iron can be used as an effective an inexpensive matter for treatment of dyestuff waste.

Study of available reports and maps indicates that Bushehr province is oil contaminated area because it is adjacent to Persian Gulf. Then assessment of pollution distribution in coastal line is the goal of this paper. Fourteen hypothetical transects used for site investigation of contaminated areas in this research which they are in tidal area and perpendicular to coast line. Their length is depending on regional tide and elevation of coasts. Sample analysis with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method shows slight oil contamination with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the study area. However, TPH quantity is less than 400 ppb for most soil samples. The results show that the pollution distribution isnt similar in different coastal sediment. Soil samples from deeper depth and nearer to coast line are more contaminated.

This paper describes a simple and highly selective method for the separation, pre concentration and spectra-photometric determination of low concentration of Nickel. The method is based on the flotation of complex of Ni2+ and dimethyl glyoxime between aqueous and n-cyclohexane interface at pH 7. The amount of nickel was measured by spectra-photometric method at 327 nm, after the dissolution of the complex in chloroform. For study of the performance of this method as a simple and fast method for the determination of nickel, some environmental samples like, industrial wastewater, seawater and river water were analyzed. Moreover, the accuracy of this method was verified through determination of nickel in samples all over again by flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The result revealed the high efficiency of proposed method in trace analysis of nickel in complicated environmental samples. Consequently, concerning the simplicity, economical and lack of harmful organic solvents, this method could be used in environmental and industrial laboratories as a routine method.

The experience of developed countries shows environmental pollution increases by increasing GDP per capita and there is a level of GDP that pollution will decrease. Relationship between GDP per capita and pollution could be shown by Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In this study, EKC was estimated and the level of GDP per capita expected the pollution was decreased, and it was calculated with ARIMA model. Results showed that, pollution will decrease at 6,509,720 Rial of GDP per capita. Decreasing the current GDP per capita-20685870, 2002- will happen in 17 years time.

There are significant amount of disposable wastes in paint industries which mostly are hazardous wastes. Problems such as high cost of wastes treatment, safe disposal, reducing and controlling the environmental pollutions caused the waste minimization be a super priority in these industries. The aim of this paper was case study of waste minimization management system in a paint factory. According to above items, sources of wastes in the factory identified and waste minimization options including Source reduction, Recycling, Recovery and Reuse of wastes were suggested. The wastage of raw materials, water and power were also studied and management approaches were advised. Providing a flow diagram as waste minimization management system for paint industries is the most important achievement of this paper. Performed researches in this study showed that using of suggested waste minimization options and approaches in the plant would reduce consumption of raw materials up to 0.15%, power up to 12%,water up to 15% and waste generation up to 20%.These findings equal to saving 175 million Ir.Rials per year in operational costs. Thus implementation of waste minimization methods and techniques in industries is a cost effective process which results both environment benefit and factory owners.

This paper studies dimensions of organizational culture including organizational identity, group commitment, stable of social system and forming behavior on standards of environmental management like training, resources, labeling, policy and compulsive reaction within small and medium industries. The research population includes all managers of small and medium companies in industrial group of Toos in Mashhad. The 169 managers are chosen from standard managers among the manufacturing companies. The required data were collected by questionnaire. The reliability has been confirmed by Chronbach about 96%. The results show that there is a significant correlation between dimensions of organizational culture and standards of environmental management.

Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving of physicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur and municipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was tested.Materials & In this research randomized designs with three replications is used. The applied factors were the total fertilizer content of compost and sulfur, M, and the ratio between sulfur and compost in fertilizer, T. M factor had four options, zero,0.5, 1 and 2 percent of soil weight and T factor include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 sulfur to compost ratios.Discussion & The obtained results indicated that all of treatments with 99 percent contingency decreased the soil pH and T2M4 treatment had the best influence. The content of Zn uptake by corn has been significant in 5 percent level in many treatments. The content of Fe uptake had remarkable incensement in treatments, but it wasnt significant.

The aim of present research is study the faunistic of snakes of western parts of Golestan province (Gorgan city to border of Mazandaran province) by analysing of morphological characters and identification keys. In this research which was carried out during July2008 until August 2009, 36 specimens were collected from this area and studied. Identified samples comprised of 1 species belong to 10 genera and 4 families including: Natrix tessellata tessellata، Natrix natrix natrix، Elaphe dione dione, Hemorrhois ravergieri, Dolichophis jugularis، Platyceps najadum, Telescopus fallax ibericus and Zamenis persica from Colubridae family, Typhlops Vermiculari from Typhlopidae family, Naja oxiana from Elapidae، Gloydius halys caucasicus from Viperidae. The Distribution map of each species was plotted