مجله غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم ایران
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 100، مهر و آبان 1397)

Leptin, as an adipokine, plays a role in the regulation of metabolism and could be affected by dietary intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association of usual dietary intakes of fats with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in adults. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were gathered from 97 participants aged ≥20, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. Dietary fats including olive oil, hydrogenated oil, non-hydrogenated oil, and animal fat were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Leptin gene expression in adipose tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR. A significant inverse relation was observed between olive oil intake and leptin gene expiration in subcutaneous (β=-0.441, P=0.017) and visceral (β=-0.552, P<0.001) adipose tissue. In addition a direct association was also observed between dietary animal fat and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous (β=0.328, P=0.020) and visceral (β=0.305, P=0.015) adipose tissue. Furthermore, non-hydrogenated oil consumption was inversely associated with leptin gene expression visceral adipose tissue (β=-0.348, P=0.031). Dietary intake of olive oil was inversely and animal fat was directly associated with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues independent of body mass index and insulin indicating the importance of fat sources on adipose tissue leptin gene expression.

Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) play an important role in the progression of diabetes and exacerbation of its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of Resveratrol, the essential oil of cumin and Vitamin C, on levels of blood sugar, lipid, insulin resistance and AGEs in type 2 diabetic patients. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups: Cumin essential oil, Resveratrol supplement, vitamin C and the control group. After two months, Insulin resistance, AGEs, Insulin, glucose and lipids were measured, using standard kits and results were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the groups in the beginning of the study. Insulin resistance and AGEs showed no significant differences between the four groups after study, although in the Resveratrol group, levels of body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were reduced (p=0.001, p=0.04). In the cumin group, BMI (p=0.001), triglyceride (p=0.01) and HbA1C (p=0.01) levels decreased significantly after intervention. In the vitamin C and control groups, none of the measured variables were significantly different post-intervention. Resveratrol can be effective in weight loss and metabolic control in diabetic patients. Cumin showed high efficacy in the improvement of sugar and dyslipidemia indices in these patients.

Data shows the positive effects of resistance training on increasing muscle mass, through hormones and increasing metabolic rate and protein synthesis. Considering the increasing trend among athletes turning to chemical anabolic, steroids, researchers are looking for altennative, less harmful substitutes for these individuals. Since saffron is a valuable, well known spice, rich in carotenoids and has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of conditions, Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of saffron supplementation and resistance training on serum levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone in young men. Thirty young male volunteers, were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and controls (n=15 each) Both groups performed a six-week protocol of resistance training (four sessions per week with an intensity of 60-70% of a maximal repeat). The experimental group received a 150 mg tablet of saffron daily for the duration of the study. Before the training and 48 hours after the last session of the training program, fasting blood samples were taken from subjects to measure hormones. Mean age of the participants in the control and experimental groups was 23.93 and 23.40 years respectively. Statistical analysis showed that testosterone (p=0.001 and 0.001), GH (p=0.01 and 0.003) and IGF-1 (p=0.02 and 0.002) levels increased significantly in the control and experimental groups after six weeks (p≤0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in testosterone levels (p=0.001) between the two groups after six weeks, a difference not significant in GH and IGF-1 levels (p≤0.05). Results of this study show that saffron supplementation with resistance training can increase testosterone levels in young men.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of turmeric consumption on serum levels of ICAM, iron, ferritin and the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) as cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and Methods: A randomized, double blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 46 NAFLD patients who were referred to a gastroenterologist and diagnosed with liver ultrasonography. The subjects were assigned into two groups, experimental (n=23) and placebo (n=23). The experimental group received 6 capsules containing 500 mg turmeric and the control group received the same number of placebo capsules for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake and blood biochemical parameters were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed by Independent t-test, Paired t-test and ANCOVA. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, daily energy intakes and echogenicity of liver between the two groups at the beginning. The level of ICAM in the experimental group significantly decreased at the end of the study compared to the beginning (P=0.001). Turmeric consumption significantly decreased serum ferritin levels at the end of the study compared to control group (P=0.026). The results of this study showed that turmeric consumption has beneficial effects on serum levels of ICAM and ferritin in individuals with NAFLD and most likely is effective in controlling the risk factors of this disease.

Aging is a biological process that is associated with accumulation of oxidative damage to the DNA molecule. Considering that physical activities and nutritional supplements play an effective role in reducing the effects of aging, this study investigated the effects of eight weeks concurrent training and supplementation of L-arginine on stress oxidative biomarkers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in elderly men. Forty-four elderly men (mean age: 67.77±4.61 years), were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=11 each): Concurrent Training+Supplement group (ES); Concurrent Training+Placebo group (EP); Supplement group and the Control group. The Concurrent Training+Supplement and Concurrent Training+Placebo groups performed the exercise protocol of eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Every morning, one hour before exercise training, the concurrent Training+Supplement and the supplement groups consumed 1000 mg of L-Arginine. ELISA methods were used for measurement of biochemical variables and for analysis of data we used the multivariate longitudinal model. There were significant between-group differences in changes of 8-OHdG, MDA and TAC (P<0.001). OHdG and MDA in all three groups of ES (35.38% and 61.8%), EP (22.59%, 55.55%) and supplement group (14.94%, 95.3%) had a significant decrease (P<0.001). Also TAC increased significantly in the ES-(135.56%) EP-(76.21%) and the supplement group (21.27%) (P<0.001). Joint effect of training and supplementation was greater than their individual effects on 8-OhdG (β=-5.16, P<0.001), TAC (β=-2.30, P<0.001), and MDA (β=3.50, P<0.001). Also exercise per se had a significantly greater effect on responses than just supplementation. Findings of this study, it demonstrate that supplementation of L-arginine and combined aerobic and strength training can be used as to lower oxidative stress indices and improve antioxidant systems in the elderly.