مجله غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم ایران
سال بیستم شماره 6 (پیاپی 102، بهمن و اسفند 1397)

Several factors including fat free mass and fat mass can affect Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) as the largest component of daily energy demand. The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to compare BMR in women with secondary hyperparathyroidism and healthy women and to evaluate its relationship with serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), fat free mass and fat mass in these subjects. Sixty-eight women, 34 with secondary by hyperparathyroidism and 34 healthy controls, aged between 17-50 years, participated in the current study. Serum PTH, 25 hydroxy vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase were measured by the Enzyme linked immunoassay technique (ELISA), Chemiluminescence Immunoassays (CLIA) and enzymatic methods respectively. Serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium were measured calorimetrically. BMR, fat mass and fat free mass were analyzed by the Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Mean BMR and fat free mass of women with secondary hyperparathyroidism, was significantly lower than those of healthy ones (P<0.02). Serum PTH concentration in women with secondary hyperparathyroidism was significantly higher and serum phosphorous, significantly lower than healthy women (P<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between BMR and serum PTH in all participants. Fat mass and fat free mass were also significantly correlated with BMR in both groups (P<0.05). According to our results, there is a negative relationship between BMR and serum PTH in all study participants. Further studies with interventional designs for inference of the causality of associations are warranted.

Elevated levels of the liver enzymes is a good predictor of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this cross- sectional study was to determine the association of dietary patterns and elevated levels of liver enzymes in Tehranian adults. This study was conducted on 436 individuals aged≥19 years, who participated in the sixth phase of Tehran lipid and Glucose study. Dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical variables and liver enzyme concentrations including alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkalin phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. To determine the odds ratio 95% confidence interval of increased levels of liver enzymes in relation to dietary patterns, the logistic regression model (adjusted for age, sex and body mass index) was used. Three patterns including western, healthy and traditional were identified with variance of 18.31, 8.24 and 5.83% respectively. For each standard deviation in the western dietary pattern, the odds ratio of elevated levels of ALT and the ratio of ALT/AST increased by 38% (95% CI=1.13-1.69) and 37% (95%CI=1.12–1.68) respectively. Other dietary patterns were not significantly correlated with changes in liver enzymes. The western dietary pattern was associated with elevated levels of ALT and the ratio of ALT/AST.

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, disability, and mortality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alcoholic extract of Ziziphora tenuior L (ziziphora) plant on blood glucose and fat profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this study, 40 male wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, diabetic control, experimental group receiving dose 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg of hydoalcholic exctract of ziziphora. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). After 28 days, the extract was gavaged, blood samples were collected and biochemical analysis was performed to determine the levels of glucose, insulin and lipid profiles in the serum. The alcoholic extract of ziziphora consumed three in all doses significantly increased body weight, insulin and decreased blood glucose but did not have a significant effect on cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Oral administration of the hydroalcholic extract of the ziziphora probably leads to a decrease in blood glucose in type 1 diabetic rats by increasing insulin secretion.

Nowadays, bariatric surgery is considered to be the most effective technique in the treatment of morbid obesity. In the current study, the effect of Laparoscopic Gastric Plication (LGP), a new technique, on the serum protein profile of obese patients has been investigated following surgery. Serum of 16 obese subjects with mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.2±5.3 kg/m2, who underwent LGP was investigated before surgery and at two timepoints post-surgery (T1-1 to 2 months after surgery and T2-4 to 5 months after surgery). Peptide mixtures prepared using Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane and trypsin enzyme were analyzed by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the present study 157 proteins were quantified, and twenty-four proteins showed statistically significant different levels at T1 post-surgery, using paired two -sample t-test (adjusted p-value<0.05); of these, levels of 12 increased, while those of 12 decreased. At T2 post-surgery, 16 proteins were differentially regulated (adjusted p-value<0.05), 10 upregulated proteins and 6 downregulated proteins. Due to the significant effect of bariatric surgery on the protein profile of patients, it is possible to study the impact of effective factors on the identified biomarkers and find a new strategy for obesity treatment in the future.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are chronic conditions of recent decades, and dietary intakes play an important role in their prevention. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dietary fat pattern and incidence of these conditions. Participants of the third phase (2006-2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), who met the inclusion criteria for each of the risk factors were selected. Finally, 2369 participants for CVD, 1878 persons for HTN and 1780 persons for CKD were enrolled and followed up to the fifth phase of TLGS. Dietary fat patterns in the third phase determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and the association between each of three patterns and CVD and HTN were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression models, and the association between fat patterns and CKD incidence were assessed by linear regression models. During 6 years of follow-up, the incidence of CVD, HTN and CKD in population studied was 3.3, 15.5 and 17.9%, respectively. Based on PCA, three separate dietary fat patterns were obtained for each of cardio-metabolic risk factors. The first pattern had high loads of cholesterol, SFA, Oleic acid, Linolenic acid and Linoleic acid; the second had high loads of EPA and DHA and third pattern had a high load of trans fatty acids. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant association between odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of CVD, HTN or CKD incidence and dietary fat patterns. In this study, no significant association was found between dietary fat patterns and the incidence of cardio-metabolic risk factors incidence. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate and confirm the effects of dietary fat on the development of chronic diseases.

Formononetin is a phytostrogen found in plants such as red clover (Trifolium pratense), which has a chemical structure similar to the estradiol hormone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of formononetin derived from red clover on sexual dimorphic indices in mice during neonatal life. In this experimental study, male and female neonate mice were randomly divided into the control, vehicle and 3 groups (n=8) received formonetonin subcutaneously at doses of 5, 50 and 500 mg/kg body weight on days 1-5 after birth. After examining the puberty timing, parameters of estrus cycle, anogenital distance, sexual behavior, preferred saccharin and sex hormones were also investigated. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and OneWay ANOVA test. Significance was shown at p values<0.05. Puberty in females was significantly advanced by 500 mg/kg (p<0.01) and in male mice was delayed by 50 (p<0.05) and 500 mg/kg formonotonin (p<0.01). Mean duration of estrus cycle increased in 500 mg/kg formonotonin (p<0.05). Lordosis and mount numbers in 500 (p<0.001) decreased and the mean latency to the first mounts increased by 500 formonotonin (p<0.001). Percentage of saccharin preference increased by 50 (p<0.05) and 500 mg/kg formonotonin (p<0.01) in female mice. In addition, estradiol level in 50 (p<0.01) and 500 mg/kg (p<0.001) doces decreased and testosterone level in 500 formonotonin mg/kg (p<0.01) decreased, compared with controls. The results of this study show that the administration of formonotonin during the neonatal period of mice has the potential to cause development of sexual dimorphism parameters.

Gestational diabetes, in addition to increased risk for mother and fetus, can affect all aspects of the mother's life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. This was qualitative study. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 25 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and by 8 healthcare providers. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The content analysis approach was used to analyze data. Participants understood their limitations in social and recreational activities as well as their roles as a mother or a spouse. In addition, treatment of the disease caused limitations in their daily lives. Based on the data analysis, the concerns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes involved concerns of mothers with their health, fetal and neonatal health, as well as concerns about treatment and care. Midwives and other health care providers should be aware of the impact of the diagnosis of gestational diabetes on the lives of mothers and provide them with appropriate personal and cultural advice recommendations, especially on treatment, in addition to useful and useful information to reduce their concerns.