مجله غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم ایران
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 91، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396)

Experimental observations have shown the effect of curcumin on improving fasting blood glucose and weight loss. Curcumin is a natural yellow plant (stem), which exhibits various bio­logical activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on glycemic control and anthropometric indices in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 53 participants with type 2 diabetes were divided randomly into the experimental and control groups to receive either 500mg curcumin or placebo capsule three times in a day for 10 weeks. Anthropometric measures including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI, serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were determined at baseline and again 10 weeks later.
There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to mean age, duration of diabetes, treatment method, drugs and sex distribution. At the end of the study the mean serum concentration of blood sugar decreased significantly between the two groups (p=0.01). Mean serum concentrations of insulin, HbA1C, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β showed no significant changes between two groups at the end of the study. Mean body weight decreased significantly in the curcumin group, compared to the controls at the end of the study (p=0.04). Mean hip circumference decreased significantly in curcumin group at the end of the study compared to the baseline (p=0.05), a difference that was significant in curcumin group, compared to the placebo group (p=0.01). At the end of the study the mean waist circumference had no significant difference between the two groups.
This study indicated that daily administration of 1500 mg curcumin has positive effects in reducing fasting blood glucose and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Postprandial blood glucose concentration is one of the factors related to chronic diseases. This study examines the postprandial glucose response to bread made of roasted chickpea flour and white wheat flour. The effect of the roasted chickpea flour on glycemic index, glycemic load, and glycemic profile of white bread was also investigated.
In this cross-over randomized study, 10 healthy subjects (8 females, 2 males) enrolled in the study on 4 separate days with one week intervals. On each day, the blood glucose at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion of glucose solution, white bread and bread containing 1/4 and 1/2 roasted chickpea flour was measured. The glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic profile were calculated.
Postprandial blood glucose response to chickpea breads was significantly lower than to white bread (p Adding roasted chickpea flour not only improves postprandial blood glucose response, but also considerably reduces the glycemic index and glycemic load of white bread.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of compound exercises with simultaneous omega-3 and l-carnitine supplementation on serum levels of Visfatin in type II Diabetic Women.
This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test and post-test with 5 experimental groups and one control group. Participants of the study were type II diabetic women, average age 52.7±1.6 years and body mass index 29.82±4.35 kg/m², who were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 individuals each: 1. ExerciseꙖ鱹 2. Exerci­seꉧ3, 3. Exercise carnitine, 4. Exercise omega 3 L- carnitine, 5. L-carnitineꉧ3 and 6. The control group. Omega-3 supplementation groups daily consumed 2000 mg of omega-3 and L-carnitine group 500 mg L-carnitine either. Training included 3 sessions per week, each session consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with 60-70% of maximum heart rate and 30-40 minute of circular resistance training with 60% of repetition maximum (1RM).
T-test showed that visfatin levels in groups 3, 4 and 5 (p≤0.01), fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in groups 2 and 1, and 4 and 5 (p≤0.001) and insulin in group 5 was significantly reduced (p≤0.02). Comparison showed no significant differences between the groups p>0.05.
The results of this study, show that compound exercises, along with and simultaneous supplementation of Omega-3 and with l-carnitine, are appropriate stimuli to curtail visfatin levels and reduce risk factors in type 2 diabetic women.

Type II diabetes is a chronic disease, which if not controlled properly, can have complications, such musculoskeletal complications. Kinematics studies of muscle endurance of patients with type II diabetes demonstrate lower muscle endurance in these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the isometric endurance of hip extensor and abductor muscles in people with type II diabetes in two groups, i.e with and without the risk of peripheral neuropathy in comparison with healthy people.
Method and Materials: Fifteen healthy subjects and 27 patients (in three groups) with type II diabetes (15 patients without peripheral neuropathy and 12 patients with peripheral neuropathy) participated in this study. Isometric endurance of the hip extensor and abductor muscles was recorded using the Biodex isokinetic machine and slope of the power diagram was calculated.
Results showed no significant differences for the diagram slope between the three groups in terms of hip extensor and abductor muscle endurance. (Extensor diagram slope, P=0.45) (Abductor diagram slope, P=0.63).
Endurance related parameters of hip extensor and abductor muscles in patients with type II diabetes, with or without peripheral neuropathy, are not significantly different from those of healthy subjects. Hence, the isometric endurance test perse cannot describe muscle endurance in type II diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate and high volume aerobic training on the expression of Uncoupling Protein 1(UCP-1) gene in subcutaneous WAT (sub-WAT).
Twenty-four rats were assigned randomly into three groups: 1) control (n=8) 2) moderate-volume aerobic training (n=8) and 3) high-volume aerobic training (n=8). Subjects of training groups underwent continuous aerobic training on the treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week at two different volumes of training. The Real Time–PCR method was used to measure the expression ratio of UCP-1 gene.
Data showed that although the expression ratio of UCP1 gene in the moderate volume aerobic training group was significantly higher than control group (P=0.014), its expression ratio in the high volume aerobic training group did not differ significantly from controls (P=0.36); neither was the gene expression ratio different between moderate and high volume aerobic training groups (P=0.59).
Results indicate that moderate volume aerobic training, had an obvious effect in inducing UCP1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the high volume aerobic training did not. Thus, increasing the volume of aerobic training to high levels may not be a key factor in promoting the non-shivering theremogenesis of sub-WAT.

It seems that, relatively studies have examined the effects of strength training on irisin and myostatin hormones and to date, the association between irisin and myostatin with blood lipids in response to strength training has been assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on serum level of irisin and myostatin hormones, and their association with lipid profile in untrained women.
In a semi experimental study 16 active untrained women were randomly assigned into two, the training (n=10; body mass index: 23.45±2.83 kg/m2) and the control (n=6; age; body mass index: 23.28±2.62 kg/m2) groups. The strength training program consisted of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session 65 minutes. Serum levels of irisin, myostatin and lipid profile concentrations were measured before and 24 hours the after last training session. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 and significance was assigned at P Results showed significant decrease in levels of cholesterol and myostatin in the training group (P0.05).
In conclusion the results of the study demonstrated that strength training can have favorable effects on myostatin and cholesterol serum levels in untrained women and that myostatin level is strongly correlated with irisin.

High circulating levels of hemostatic factors are associated with increased CVD risk. Raisins contain polyphenolic compounds which can reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this study the effect of black raisin consumption on some coagulation factors, lipid profile and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in hyperlipidemic patients was evaluated.
In this randomized clinical trial, 40 hyperlipidemic patients (25 women, 13 men), mean age of 41.05±10.4 years, participated and were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group consumed 90 gr black raisins for 5 weeks while the control group received no intervention. Plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII, lipid profile and TAC were determined at baseline and after 5 weeks of intervention. Physical activity and 24-hour recall were also evaluated questionnaire at baseline and at end of the study. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and paired T-test and significant was set at P values Physical activity and energy intake did not differ significantly between the two groups. After 5 weeks of daily intakes of raisin, TAC was significantly increased in the raisin group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Although levels of lipid profile, factor VII and fibrinogen were decreased in the raisin group, they were not significant compared with control group (P=0.459, P=0.633). Mean serum total cholesterol (P=0.018) and LDL-C (P=0.01) was significantly reduced, compared to baseline, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.797, P=0.855).
These results indicate that consumption of black raisin which is rich in polyphenolic compounds has beneficial effects on serum antioxidant capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia.