فصلنامه فضای جغرافیایی
پیاپی 31 (پاییز 1389)

Planning and designing of the urban spaces and landscapes is not possible without considering the issues, criteria, rules, standards, suitable and premium patterns regarding the development. One of the planning and designing schemes is the urban greenbelt planning. In each urban space some of the views of the city are allocated to the green spaces. Accordingly, the herbaceous species congruent and adaptable with the region should be used in urban greenbelt developments that are based on the environmental and natural conditions. In warm and dry regions of southern Iran, due to some unfavorable natural and/or environmental conditions such as high temperature, low rainfall, salinity, gypsum and calcareous soil, some special herbaceous specious should be used in greenbelt planning. Therefore, in order to use urban green spaces of warm and dry regions (southern Iran) something will be done in the field of urban green space. This can be achieved by considering through management styles and proper urban green space planning selecting the suitable herbaceous species, along with rating the effective nesses in reaching the targeted goals.This study is based on the applicable purposes and according to a case-descriptive method. The required data for the study are collected through document-library method. We have attempted to review and examine the styles and models of urban green space planning, their importance and necessity, the goals of the criteria and the standards of urban green space, while considering the climatic and regional patterns in the green space, and introducing the favorable herbaceous species to be used in the urban green spaces of warm and dry regions of southern Iran. Results of the study reveal that using native and local herbaceous species of warm and dry regions provide variety and beauty, and are influential in reducing sound, air and other pollutions and are also effective because of the fact that they need less maintenance, are more congruent and are more economically sound.

Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on this planet. This growth pattern makes it easily accessible. Phylostachys pubescence (moso bamboo) is the most important commercial bamboo species in China and it has an important ecological role in the area. The aim of this research is feasibility study of moso bamboo in east lowlands of Guilan. The method of research is an applied method using descriptive data and their analysis with attention to principles of physical geography. At first, scientific investigations were done for understanding the physiological properties that were determined. Climatic thresholds and the soil preference of moso bamboo were also specified. Then the statistics and long-term meteorological information were collected and finally analysis of the data was performed based on iso-parameter method via overlapping the maps made through ArcGIS based on the physiological characteristics of moso bamboo. Results show that most lowlands in the east of Guilan, except coastal swampy soil areas are the best places for planting moso bamboo and the results were illustrated on maps.

Nowadays, great attention has been directed toward tourism activities due to outstanding effects of tourism activities on the economy of areas. Nurabad Mamasani town, however, is unknown in spite of its several tourism potentials and capabilities. Thus, recognizing tourist attractions, and programming in accordance with social and cultural condition of this town seem necessary. The goal of this article is to "investigate the development of religious tourism". The methodology includes analytical, descriptive and survey ones. The statistical population, here, contains all tourists visiting religious sites of Nurabad Mamasani town. In 2007, their number was estimated at 40000 individuals based on the information distributed by Tourism and Cultural Heritage Organization. 380 individuals were chosen as sample size in 2008 and the study was carried out through filling out questionnaires. ArcGIS software was utilized to show the spatial distribution of Nurabad Mamasani religious sites. Among the techniques used in this article, Spearman and Kendall correlation can be mentioned.The findings show that paying attention to the importance of tourism industry in our present world, the role of the religious sites in attracting tourists and its effects on developing different areas, Nurabad Mamasani in Fars Province, which includes several holy religious sites, can finally turn into appropriate environment for attracting religious tourists and removing some parts of Nurabad Mamasani problems, if managerial viewpoint toward this area and correct programming lead to reorganizing these holy religious sites and their surrounding environments.

In this paper daily precipitation data from 1.1.1966 to 31.12.2005 were examined for identification of precipitation types. Firstly we extracted precipitation days and defined various parameters. This was followed by the creation of matrix 616×11 for 901 precipitation days. A hierarchical cluster analysis by Ward method was applied on this matrix and six different precipitation types were detected.

Land use pattern of primary educational areas in the city of Shahroud shows radical incompatibility regarding to next and surrounding uses. Moreover, there is lack of educational land in some densely populated areas. In other words there are problems in term of spatial distribution of educational uses of land. Therefore, planning for proper distribution and location of educational areas in the city is among essential needs. In this sense the employment of multi-criteria approaches to deal with location patterns are necessary. One of the privileged and most used approaches if hierarchal analysis is using AHP. Attempts are made in this study to combine AHP with GIS to underline the existing shortcomings and propose appropriable locations for new schools to be built in the future.

Desertification is a distractive process in arid and semi arid regions. This feature reduces land potential capability. In order to map desertification, several models are recommended. ICD model considers biome condition of Iran especially this region. It is a comprehensive and step by step model, and has four stages. Therefore, removing this phenomenon and identification of its effective factors is clear for reaching the goals. The purposes of the units of this region were determinated as the base plan for evaluating the considered factors and indexes. In addition, because of the similarities of the region in the point of view of geology and geomorphology, profiles were considered as the basis of unit determination. Therefore, by allocating values to desertification intensity and evaluating indexes and adding up of scores relevant to these units of work and base table, the intensity of land degradation was determinated for several usages. Finally, we used the ArcView 3.2 software, and plotted maps related to current and future positions of all unit works. Subsequently, results show that desertification intensities can be classified into moderate, high and very high in the region and the major factor of climatic change and exacerbation of desertification phenomenon are main influential environmental factors.

Nebkha is a current landscape in arid and semi arid environment. Ecogeomorphological relationships establish nebkha. Nebkha is a natural reflection of life in desert. Vegetation plays an important role in shaping and developing the morphology of nebkhas. In this paper we have tried to study and compare quantitative parameters of 3 types of nebkhas in Khair Abad in Sirjan. These parameters contain plant length, canopy cover, elevation, diameter and volume of the nebkhas. Analysis of variance showed the significant difference between slope, elevation, area and volume of numerous nebkhas. Applying Duncan test for multiple comparisons for each factor could divide nebkhas to two groups. For elevation, plant length, diameter and volume factors nebkhas were divided to 2 groups. In the first group Alhagi persarum and Reaumeria turcestanica are situated and in theother group Seidlitzia Florida. Also comparison of canopy cover factor between nebkhas showed 3 separate groups. The first is Alhagi persarum, the second is fixed by Reaumeria turcestanica and the third group contains Seidlitzia Florida. Generally, it can be concluded that elevation, area and volume factors follow species growth form. Therefore, vegetation plays an important role in shaping nebkha landscapes.

In present research two databases were created, and the mean monthly precipitation was studied for period of 1982-2005 at 500 hp and the surface pressure of 0-60 N latitudes and 0-60 E longitudes. By using of interpolation method (Kriging), the monthly precipitation maps were created and then were plotted after evaluating. The maps were evaluated in relation to the atmospheric systems and mean monthly maps of upper atmospheric surfaces and earth surface. Results indicate that precipitation in Fars Province season affected the high pressure in upper atmosphere in warm and the low pressure at earth surface causes rainfall. In cold season the situation was reversed as by the precipitation increase in cold season this is because the low pressure systems dominated the earth surface and upper atmosphere. In general, the systems of 500 hp and sea level and westerly waves and Sudani low pressure at earth surface had the triggering action rainfall in Fars Province.