فصلنامه کومش
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 72، پاییز 1397)

Dentistry is a high risk profession according to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of these disorders in Iranian dentists using systematic review and meta-analysis.

National databases including; Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc and international databases including; PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, ProQuest, web search engine Google scholar and the Eastern Mediterranean region base (IMEMR) with using keywords prevalence, musculoskeletal, dentists, and medical subject headings (Mesh), were searched. To assess the quality of cross-sectional studies, the JBI checklist (The Joanna Briggs Institute) was used. Considerably, heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran Q and I2 tests. Data analyzed using the random effects model.

A total of 12 studies with sample size n=1742 entered to the research. The point prevalence (during occupational), period prevalence (during one year) and prevalence during the seven-day of musculoskeletal disorders was estimated 73.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 64.1-82.7), 77.3% (95% CI: 66.7-87.9) and 33.6% (95% CI: 6.5-60.8) respectively. The highest point prevalence 50% (95% CI: 43.8-56.3), period prevalence 63% (95% CI: 58.4-67.6) and during the seven- day prevalence 46.3% (95% CI: 7-85.6) of disorders was estimated in neck region.

The results show high prevalence of disorders in dentists, especially in the neck area. In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in the improvement of the level and quality of dentists' services, comprehensive plans should be designed and implemented at the national level.

In recent years, psychological therapies increasingly used as complementary treatment along medication to help clinicians. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of group psychotherapy: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and logo therapy (LT) on the symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress in women with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).

A sampling method was used to select 45 women from multiple sclerosis patients in Kermanshah (Iran). They were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and one control group (n = 15 in each group). The first experimental group received 8 group sessions of ACT treatment. The second experimental group received 10 group sessions of LT as well, while the control group had just 8 simple group meeting with the therapist. All subjects completed Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Scales (DASS-42) before, after and three months after the application.

The mean of symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress in both experimental groups after intervention was significantly different with the mean of control group. However, no significant difference was observed between two experimental groups.

Logo therapy and ACT are effective in decreasing the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in women with RRMS and could be recommended as adjunct therapies along with their medication.

Postpartum hemorrhage is an important complication and is a direct cause of maternal death and its effective prevention has a significant role in reducing complications, especially maternal mortality. In this way, the purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic effect of the addition of misoprostol and transxamic acid to oxytocin in reducing postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.

In a clinical trial, 285 pregnant women with gestational age of 38 to 39 weeks candidates for elective cesarean section enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to three groups. After spinal anesthesia and cesarean section, immediately after clamping of the umbilical cord, patients in the first group received misoprostol 400 mcg rectal, patients in the second group received 10 mg/Kg tranexamic acid by intravenous infusion. First and second groups (as intervention groups) and third one (as control group) all received 30 units oxytocin during operation and 60 units within 12 hours after the section. Counting the gases was performed after the operation and measuring hematocrit levels 24 hours later.

The mean± SD of age was 29.72 ± 3.8 years and was not significantly different in the three groups (P = 0.171) and 246 participants (84.4%) came for their second parity. The studied groups did not differ in parity number (p = 0.170). The average number of consumpted gauzes was 6.99. Three groups were different in terms of consumpted gauzes during section (p < 0.001). Mean of hematocrit before and after intervention showed significant differences in the three groups (p < 0.001). Intervention groups have a better effect on bleeding compared to control one in terms of hematocrit changes (p < 0.001), however, two misoprostol and tranexamic acid drugs showed no difference in reducing it (p = 0.117).

Adding each of the misoprostol or tranzamic acid to oxytocin alone has a better effect in reducing bleeding alone, but since the therapeutic effects of these two drugs are similar, it is necessary to select the drug according to the patient's clinical condition and possible side effects of either drug

Breast cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases and the second leading cause of death among women with many physical and psychological complications requiring appropriate treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on the fear of cancer recurrence and post-traumatic growth in patients with breast cancer.

This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest in the experimental and control groups. Among breast cancer patients referred to the Association of Cancer Patients Koomesh, 20 breast cancer patients were selected and randomly assigned into experimental(n=10)and control(n=10)groups. Fear of cancer recurrence ((FCRI) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) questionnaires completed by patients in two stages: before and after intervention.

Results of multivariate covariance analysis showed significant differences in the fear of cancer recurrence (P = 0.026) and Post-traumatic growth (P = 0.005) among two groups.

Considering the impact on acceptance and commitment therapy in fear of cancer recurrence and post-traumatic growth on the breast cancer patients can used this intervention to improve the psychological problems of patients with breast cancer.

Several studies have shown that long-term use of oxytocin for inducting or enhancing labor can reduce the efficacy of induction and increase the rate of complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intermittent and continuous injection of oxytocin on labor time and maternal and neonatal outcomes in normal delivery.

In this study, 140 patients with an age range of at least 14 and a maximum of 40 years (mean 26.94) were studied. Patients received 10 units of oxytocin at 1000 cc of ringer, initiated at a dose of 2 mU/min, and 2 mU/min was increased every 15 minutes to achieve uterine contractions of 3 to 5 contractions in 10 minutes or a maximum dose of 23 mU/min. At the beginning of the active phase (dilatation 4 cm), the patients were divided into 2 groups. In one group, oxytocin continued until delivery, and in the other group at the beginning of the active phase, oxytocin was discontinued.

No significant differences were found between intermittent and continuous oxytocin injected groups in the duration of active phase and Apgar score, cesarean section, admission to NICU and postpartum fever. Also, there was no relationship between the incidence of abnormal heartbeat and postpartum hemorrhage the method of oxytocin admistration. Only the duration of labor in the intermittent group was significantly higher than the continuous infusion group.

This study demonstrates that continuous injections of oxytocin shorten the length of delivery, and consequently reduce the possible complications caused by prolonged time of injection.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of gastric cancer with relatively high mortality and morbidity in Iran. In this way, the aim of this study was to estimating postoperative net survival for patients with gastric Adenocarcinoma in Iran in the context of relative survival regarding its value and accuracy as a useful indicator.

Data analysis was performed on gastric adenocarcinoma patients undergoing curative surgical treatment followed by subsequent supplementary therapies in Imam Hospital in Tehran during the years 1995 to 1999 (follow up to 2004). While describing the data with frequency and life table, the net survival of 1- to 5-year was estimated via the multiple models based on the underlying factors using stata software.

Data of 281 patients with a mean age of 66.0 ± 10.8 (200 males and 81 females) with gastric Adenocarcinoma followed up for a maximum of 10 years was used. Among all 214 patients (76.2%) were diagnosed at stages 3 and 4 of the disease.Noticeably, the survival of 1- and 5- year for patients was 68.27 (95% CI: 62.17 -73.69) and 22.17 (95% CI: 16.39-28.63), respectively. The minimum amount for the specific survival rate was 77.76% for the time interval of 1 to 1.5 years.

The risk of death from this illness is more likely to occur within 1 to 2 years after surgery. While statistical healing can be considered to be from the seventh year onwards. Patients diagnosed at higher stages and who use less complementary therapies have less survival

The commonest malignant cancer in the lower gastrointestinal tract is colorectal cancer which is the third cause of death due to cancer in the world. The incidence of this type of cancer in Iran has increased during last recent years. The prsent study aimed to detemine prognostic factors of colorectal cancer based on weibull distribution with nonconstant shape.

In this article we analyzed survival of 1060 patients with colorectal cancer who registered in Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) from 2004 to 2015. Weilbull parametric model with non-constant shape parameter were used for determination of prognostic factors. The results were compared to regular Weibull distribution and the best method were choosed based on AIC criteria.

On constant shape parameter, age at diagnosis, tumor size and the tumor site had effect on survival time with AIC of 20037. On non-constant shape parameter, sex, age at diagnosis, tumor size, the tumor site and the body mass index were significant on survival of these patients with AIC of 19994.

Remarkably, based on these data and AIC criteria, the Weibull with non-constant shape parameter chose so that sex, age at diagnosis, tumor size, the tumor site and the body mass index of these patients were recognized as prognostic factors in their survival

Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) are a group of professional voice users which their main professional tool is their voice. With respect to the dependence of their professional continuity and quality of life to their optimal voice, the research aim selected as study of frequency of vocal complaints and its relation with risk factors.

Risk factors and vocal complaints' data of 71 employed SLPs (14 men and 57 women) with at least 3 years of clinical experience gathered with two questionnaires. Face and content validity of the Questionnaires was confirmed with item effect and Lawshe methods, respectively. Reliability confirmed with internal consistency method. Participants divided into two groups with and without vocal complaints, by having at least one complaint or not, respectively. Descriptive and logistic regression was used by SPSS21.

Frequency of vocal complaints was 73.2%, and most frequent was hoarseness (52.1%). Most frequent risk factors were psychological problems (60%), talking a lot (59.6%), and digestive problems (34.6%). Frequency of digestive problems were significantly more in vocal complaint group (P=0.014). History of digestive problems was a predictor of vocal complaint (P = 0.048, OR = 8.5).

SLPs experience a lot of psychological and digestive problems and also talking a lot. Presence of digestive problems can increase the probability of vocal complaint. Compatibility of these findings with findings of some other researches shows the necessity of more attention to these factors

Pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death after Myocardial infarction and stroke. At the same time, it is the most preventable cause of death for hospitalized patients. Importantly the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary embolism requires flexible decision-making models, both for the presence of clinical interventions as well as for the variety of local diagnostic resources, Bayesian networks that fully meet these needs. Accordingly determining the risk factors for pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients and presenting the model for predicting its occurrence through modeling using Bayesian networks have been proposed as a therapeutic necessity.

The present research is descriptive-analytic study. The data used in the study included risk factors affecting the pulmonary embolism and the history of hospitalized patients in pulmonary section of Shariati hospital in Tehran were collected in Excel format. Bayesian prediction model in two modes (risk factors determined using the proposed scenario and risk factors according to the expert physician) is obtained using GENIE software and the accuracy of the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was evaluated.

The results showed that among the risk factors of the disease, the history of thromboembolic pulmonary, history of deep vein thrombosis, body mass index above 30, recent surgery, immobilization of long-term, SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome, heart failure and pneumonia respectively, are the most important risk factors for pulmonary embolism. And the model predicts the scenario proposed has better performance.

Such plans can facilitate the process of assessing the risk of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients, in order to facilitate appropriate preventive measures, and to improve preventive methods and, consequently, diagnosis and treatment programs.

The relationship between brain and language has always been one of the most important questions in the field of neurology. Most of these studies emphasize the importance of the cerebral cortex in language processing. Importantly, due to limited studies on the importance of subcortical structures in the representation of language, further clinical studies are necessary in this regard. The purpose of this study was to compare the syntactic comprehension and illness severity in Persian-speaking patients with Parkinson's disease.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed using the MMSE questionnaire, Bilingual aphasia test (BAT) and the UPDRS Parkinson's illness severity checklist and Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging checklist. Participants in this study included 20 patients with Parkinson's disease and 20 normal elderly and data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups of Parkinson's and normal people in syntax comprehension. There was also a statistically significant difference between mean scores of syntactic comprehension in different stages of the disease.

In this study, it was found that as the disease progression, the syntactic comprehension of the patient is reduced.

Patients under hemodialysis (HD) experience lower quality of life. Although positive effect of Hata Yoga exercises on QoL have been showed, it has not been investigated among patients under HD. Thus, the aim was to determine the effect of Hata Yoga exercises on quality of life in patients under HD.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 32 patients under HD in the 5 Azar tertiary hospital in Gorgan (Iran) in 2016 were selected according to inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of intervention and control by simple randomization method. For data collection, demographic and clinical data form and SF- 36 quality of life questionnaire were used. The intervention group did Hata Yoga exercises for twice a week, 45- minute for each time during 12 weeks. The control group received no intervention. Relatively, quality of life was assessed before and at the end of the study.

Demographic and clinical data did not differ significantly between the two groups at the beginning of the study (P>0.05). Mean of quality of life score for physical aspectin intervention and control group was 60.69 ± 16.14 and 48.48 ± 25.05 (P = 0.112) and for psychological aspect was 63.03 ± 12.74 and 51.02 ± 19.44 (P = 0.048), respectively that only was significantly different in the psychological aspect.

Findings showed that Hata Yoga exercise can improve quality of life in patients under HD in the psychological aspect.

Disorders of blood lipids (Dislipidemia) are one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Due to the high prevalence of impaired blood lipids, it is important to identify the factors that affect this health issue. Some researchers believe that shifting the cholesterol in the industrial sector has a role to play. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between shifting and high cholesterol in employees of Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan (Iran).

This historical cohort study was conducted on 7677 male staff of Isfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company during 2005 – 2015. The data was gathered using the recorded information in the periodic medical examination files. In this study, we fitted usual random intercept and the marginalized random intercept models for assessing the effect of shiftwork on hypercholesterolemia. Correspondingly, estimaties were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. Finally, the goodness of fit indices for these models was compared. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software version 9.3 and R software version 2.8.1.

A total of 7677 staff including 4372 (56.9%) shiftworker and 2429 (31.6%) hypercholesterolemia was studied. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status, we found no significant relationship between shiftwork and hypercholesterolemia, using both the random effects and marginalized random effects models. In Random effects model; age (P<0.0001), smoking status (P=0.0010), BMI (P<0.0001), and in marginalized random effect model; age (P=0.0001), smoking status (P=0.0006), BMI (P<0.0001) effects were significant.

In this study, there is no significant relationship between shifting and high cholesterol intake. The lack of a meaningful relationship may be due to the recruitment of healthy employees by shift work. Generally, in order to obtain more reliable results, it is suggested that other studies with a larger sample size in different industries (multicentric studies) be adjusted and more variables are adjusted, such as the length of staff shift, overtime, etc

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in children. Recent studies have shown colonization or not colonization of helicobacter pylori (HP) in adenotonsillar tissue. According to this, we decided to make a study in this field and investigate HP colonization in children with adenotansillar hypertrophy in semnan city.

In this study, in ENT department of Amir al Moemenin Hospital in Semnan, Iran، 30 patient with adenotosillar hypertrophy, were surgeried adenotansilectomy, introduced in this study. For investigating colonization of HP, Rapid Ureas Test was done on 90 specimens (60 Tonsilar specimens and 30 Adenoid specimens).

Mean±SD of age of children was 8. 9 ±2. 6. Rapid Ureas Test in 14 (15. 6%) specimens, 7/6% tonsil biopsy and 9/8% adenoid specimens were positive.

In this study, we have found colonization of HP in adenotonsilar tissue. However, more special tests are needed to provide a definitive judgment.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Ghanavat of Qom province. This study aimed to determine effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory on promoting preventive behaviors of CL disease.

This study was a semi-experimental intervention (quasi-experimental) that was performed on 292 patients referred to ghanavat health centers in Qom province during the years 2016-2017. Then, participants divided randomly in two groups with complete block randomization method. Six months after the training, post tests were completed by both interventional and control groups. The linear regression used to investigation the effect of several variables.

After the intervention, in treated group, the mean score of the structures of knowledge and situations perception, outcome expectations (p < 0.001), self-sufficiency (p < 0.003), self-control (p < 0.005) and performance (p < 0.05) of Social Cognitive Theory in term of promotion of preventive behaviors of CL, a significant relationship was observed. But, a significant relationship was not found between the structure outcome value and promotion of preventive behaviors of the disease (p < 0.103).

People were not well aware of ways to prevent disease. Therefore, in order to promote this structure, it is suggested that social cognitive theory can be used to reduce the barriers in the education program and promote the level of community awareness.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of somatic symptoms experiences questionnaire based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

For this purpose, 416 students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling, then Somatic Symptoms Experiences Questionnaire (SSEQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) were distributed among them to respond. After collecting data to determine the psychometric properties of the SSEQ, initially validity of the scale was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, retest and splitting coefficient, the criterion validity with GHQ and SLQ. As well as its factor structure was assessed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The results of the factor analysis indicated that the SSEQ has four factors, check the validity of the scale by using Cronbach's alpha, retest and splitting coefficient reflects the stability of the scale, the criterion validity of the questionnaire with other questionnaires showed desirable discriminant and convergence validity.

Conclusively, the findings indicated that the SSEQ has good psychometric properties, and this tool can be used in studies in the normal population

Due to the phenomenon of aging and the inevitable problems that will occur in the process, a convenient tool for assessing the balance confidence of the daily activities is required. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the activities-specific balance confidence scale for elderly Persians.

In this study 170 women and men (woman: 75 and man: 95) were selected by cluster random sampling to complete the Persian version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale for the elderly. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency while intra-class correlation coefficient under test-retest method was utilized to assess temporal reliability.

Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations was used for validation of the structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the activities-specific balance confidence scale for elderly Persians had an acceptable fit index (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99), internal consistency (0.92) and temporal reliability (0.83), indicating good validity and reliability of the Persian version of the activities-specific balance confidence scale for elderly Persians.

Balance confidence scale for elderly Persians has acceptable validity and reliability among Iranian adults and can be potentially used as a valid and reliable instrument by researchers

Periodontal disease is a common inflammatory condition that affects supporting tissues surrounding teeth. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease and several risk factors such as dental plaque, smoking and diabetes are involved in this disease. Since early diagnosis of periodontitis is important in preventing progression and minimizing complications, this study is designed to evaluate periodontal disease of patients attending Semnan University of medical sciences dental clinic, Semnan, Iran.

In this cross sectional study, 212 patients with the age of 20 to 60 years old attending Semnan University of medical sciences dental clinic were visited using a WHO probe after filling out the consent form. Community periodontal index (CPI) and simplified oral hygiene index (s-OHI) were calculated for all the participants. Then a questionnaire was given to collect some extra information.

From 212 patients who participated in the study, 0.9% (2 patients) had healthy gingiva, 12.7% (28 patients) had bleeding on probing, 48.1% (102 patients) had calculus and pockets≤4mm, 18.9% (40 patients) had 4-5mm pocket and 19.3% (41 patients) had pockets ≥6mm. Results showed a significant association between severe periodontitis and diabetes with an odds ratio of 2.38 (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.11- 5.13, p = 0.026) and also between periodontitis and s-OHI values with an odds ratio of 2.25 (OR=2.25, 95%CI: 1.35-3.74, p = 0.002). Other variables were not significantly associated with the periodontitis.

A high proportion of clients referred to the clinic had mild periodontitis and moderate oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene and diabetes are both associated with the increased risk of developing periodontitis in Semnan. It is highly recommended to reinforce oral hygiene and oral health instruction in the society and more frequent dental visits especially about diabetic patients.

In addition to the child, disability also affects the family, especially the mothers. Since attention to maternal health is influential on family and community health and the level of satisfaction and quality of life of people is influenced by society and culture, this study evaluated the quality of life of mothers with a mentally retarded child and its related variables in the city Semnan (Iran).

This is a cross-sectional study. Census method was used to study mothers of intellectual disability children and 43 of them participated. Control group included 43 of mothers with normal children too. A demographic form and World health organization summery test of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used for data collection. Total score and each subtest were compared between the groups and correlations between scores and demographic data were studied.

Total score of the test and also psychological and environmental subtest scores were significantly lower in the study group. Among studied variables (age, sex, communication and appearance of children, number of children and family`s income also mother`s education and outside working), just mother`s education and family’s income had a significant weak negative correlation with quality of life (z=-0.3).

Mothers of mental retarded children were less satisfied. There was a negative correlation between such dissatisfaction and mother`s educational level and family income which can be due to more expectations of such mothers from the child. So mothers of mental retarded children especially with more education need supports and consultations to improve their quality of

Despite the advances made in research on cancer, there is still no effective way to treat this condition. A number of compounds including hydrazone derivatives have been increasingly investigated as anticancer agents. So, in this study a series of novel hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential anticancer compounds and their cytotoxic effects were further evaluated.

The designed hydrazone compounds (1-9) were synthesized in three steps and their structures were characterized by different instrumental analysis methods. The cytotoxic activity was measured using MTT assay at 48 and 72 h on human breast, colon and liver cancer cell lines.

The obtained percentage of cytotoxicity indicated that some compounds were potent against cancer cell lines and the most effective incubation time was after 72 h of treeatment. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 3 and 6 revealed the considerable cytotoxic activity on breast, liver and colon cells after 72 h of treatment ranging from 60 to 80%.

The results obtained in this section can be used as the starting point for the development of new cancer chemotherapy agents

One of the most important side effects after neural injury is neuropathic pain. Increasing levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress play an important role in causing pain. Fluoxetine is one of the most important drugs used in the treatment of depression, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fluoxetine in a Rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).

40 male Wistar rats were used in this study (230-250 g, n=10). Animals randomly individual in 4 groups such as: Sham, CCI, CCI + Fluoxetine (2 mg/kg, IP injection, for 14 days) and CCI + Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg, IP injection, for 14 days). Rats were tested behavioural tests (heat hyperalgesia, heat and mechanical Allodynia) on the days of 1, 7 and 14 after induced CCI. After 14 days, spinal cord was collected to measure tissue concentration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative enzymes including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) interleukin-6 (IL-6), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide (SOD).

The results of behavioral tests revealed that administration of fluoxetine reduced the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Fluoxetine administration also decreased levels of TNFα, IL-6 and MDA and increased SOD levels.

Findings of this study showed that that fluoxetine has protective effects in an experimental model of neropathic pain and this effect might be mediated via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Alum solution is used to treat skin ulcers, oral, gums, and to prevent dental caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alum on wound healing on the dorsal surface of rat tongue.

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group). With biopsy punched, wound to 4mm diameter and 1 mm depth created on rat’s tongue. Correspondingly, from the next day, the rats of the second, third and fourth groups received daily 0.1 ml of alum at concentrations of 7%, 10% and 14% on the wound's surface and control group received water. In the third, sixth and tenth days, the area of the wound surface was calculated using a gauge (1 / 10 mm).

In all groups, improvement in the wound surface area in different days was observed, and the wound healing process was significant in each group (P <0.05). However, alum was not effective in reducing the time of wound healing in comparison with the groups, and increasing the concentration of alum was no effect on wound healing.

Alum solution was not effective in wound healing on the dorsal surface of rats tongue in 7 - 14% concentrations. Therefore, it is suggested that the effects of other concentrations of alum, as well as repeated administration of the drug several times a day, and its effect on other diseases of oral wounds examined

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important chronic liver diseases that is spreading worldwide. However, there is no effective treatment for it. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined extract of Ziziphus jujube Mill., Cynara scolymus L. and and Cichorium intybus L. on NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats.

In this experimental study 40 male rats randomly were divided in two groups: a sham group (n=8) and a high-fat diet group (n=32). After 4 months of feeding HFD, rats suffering from fatty liver into 4 groups (n=8) including a HFD group and the three groups receiving HFD and a dose of the combined extract (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) for 2 months. Finally, lipid profile, activity of serum liver enzymes and liver histology were investigated.

Remarkably, high-fat diet caused hypertriglyceridemia, hyper¬cholesterol¬emia, increased serum level of hepatic enzymes and accumulated fat in liver. The combined extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg improved lipid profile, hepatic enzyme activity, and histological changes in the liver.

Conclusively, the findings of this study show that combined extract of Ziziphus jujube Mill., Cynara scolymus L. and and Cichorium intybus L. could improve serum and histological characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by HFD.

Following the first description of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) network as a carcinogenic pathway, overwhelming numbers of studies have reported the inappropriate activity of this cascade in a wide assortment of human cancers. On the basis of the principal importance of NK1R in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), it was of great interest to dissect the effect of Aprepitant, a competing non-peptide NK1R antagonist, on REH Pre-B ALL cells.

To evaluate the anti-leukemic effect of NK1R antagonist, REH cells were exposed to the increasing concentrations of Aprepitant and subsequent cell viability, growth kinetics, and metabolic activity were investigated. Moreover, to underscore whether Aprepitant-induced cytotoxic effect could be attributed to either induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, Annexin-V/PI staining and DNA content analysis were performed. Finally, the transcriptional alterations of apoptosis-related target genes were studied using RQ-PCR.

Intrestingly, we found that abrogation of the NK1R signaling pathway exerts cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against REH cells, as evidenced by the increased externalization of phosphatidyl serine (PS), elevated G1 cell population, and decreased number of inhibitor-treated viable cells. In addition, our results also suggested that Aprepitant-induced apoptotic cell death in REH cells is mediated, at least partially, through shifting the ratio of death promoters to death repressors via alteration of Bax and Bcl2 expression.

This study highlighted the potent efficacy of Aprepitant in Pre-B ALL cells and shed light on pro-apoptotic property of this inhibitor.

In the era of targeted therapies, efforts are being made to identify the novel agents with strong anti-tumor activity in order to improve cure rates of human malignancies while reducing the toxic side effects of intensive regimens. Increasing number of genetic and cancer biology studies indicated a prominent role for the aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in not only the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but also in acquisition of chemo-resistant phenotype. In this study we aimed to assess the anti-proliferative effect of pan class I PI3K inhibitor, Buparlisib, on Nalm-6 cells.

To evaluate whether inhibition of PI3K using Buparlisib could exert anti-proliferative effect in leukemic cells, Nalm-6 were subjected to different concentrations of the inhibitor and subsequent cell viability, cell count, cell cycle progression and transcriptional alteration of cell cycle-related genes were investigated.

Buparlisib not only decreased the number of viable inhibitor-treated cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, but also reduced the survival rate of Nalm-6 cells. Furthermore, we found that the anti-proliferative effect of this inhibitor is mediated, at least partially, through induction of G1 arrest as a result of up-regulated p21 and p27 and down-regulated c.Myc expression level.

The present study showed that Buparlisib decreased the proliferative capacity of Nalm-6 cells probably via reduction in DNA synthesize rate, induction of cell cycle arrest and alteration in the expression level of proliferative-related genes. The results suggest that PI3K inhibitors may be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALL patients.

Autophagy is a survival pathway required for cellular viability during starvation through catabolic self digestion of damaged proteins and organelles; however, autophagy may result in cell death if it proceeds to completion. Although the exact mechanism of this process is not clear, it seems that proper regulation of autophagy can potentially contribute to the therapeutics of cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the induction of autophagy in human acute promyelocytic leukemia.

In this study, the role of autophagy in the As2O3-induced death of NB4 cells was assessed using electron microscopy. Also, quantitative real-time PCR method was used for expression of autophagy related genes in dose and Time dependent manner.

Our results showed that autophagy induces death in NB4 cells treated with arsenic trioxide. It was also found that the Atg7, Bclin1 and LC3 genes, which are essential genes for induction of autophagy, are the target of arsenic trioxide invasion.

This study showed As2O3-induced autophagy plays an important role in eliminating leukemia cells and treatment of cancer.

The importance of airborne transmission in the epidemiology of hospital acquired infections (HAI) has gained attention in the past two decades.The airborne transmission may have more effect on intensive care units (ICUs), because the patients who require intensive care have unstable clinical conditions and are more sensitive to infections.This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria in intensive care units.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at four teaching hospitals.The 32 air samples were collected by using all-glass impingers (AGI). Identification of airborne bacteria was conducted using cultured plates with and without five selected antibiotics. The resistant isolates were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence of seven most common antibiotic resistance genes.

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance airborne bacteria ranged from 6% to 37%. The oxacillin resistant isolates had the highest prevalence followed by ceftazidime-, vancomycin-, gentamicin- and cefazolin- resistant bacteria. Selected genes were detected in airborne resistant isolate with the highest and lowest frequency for OXA23 and AAC (3) -I, respectively. A high frequency of mecA (21%) and blaTEM (34%) genes was detected in isolates. Identification of OXA-51 demonstrated that the species of Acinetobacter were A. baumannii. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) spp were the second most predominant resistant bacteria in all ICUs isolates.

In this study, identification of Staphylococcus spp and A. baumannii as the most dominant antibiotic resistant bacteria indicated the potential role of airborne bacteria in dissemination of nosocomial infections in ICUs

The educational system of each country encounters the problem of “Learning disorder", which leads to academic underachievement and backwardness of student. Importanly, The aim of this study was to provide a self-help eductional software for parents of these students trying to improve their academic performance.

This clinical trial study was conducted using pretest and posttest with control group. The study population consisted of elementary school students whose "Learning disorder, reading type" was diagnosed by pediatric and adolescent psychologist using diagnostic tests and clinicl interview. Grop A carried out the exercises of self-help software for parents.Group B practiced the same exercises through instructions of occupational therapist. Group C had no intervention and was considered as control group.

The mean scores of "correct read words" as one indicator of reading performance was significantly higher in Group A after intervention than before intervention (p<0.001). The mean score of "reading comprehension "was significantly higher in both groups (A and B) after the intervention (p = 0.006 and 0.025, respectively).

The results showed that the educational package for parents improved the performance of the students more effectively than the presence group

Ionizing radiation can cause DNA damage that is very important biological molecule. Using of lead aprons by nuclear medicine stuff to decrease the harmful effect of the creation of special lead X-rays derived from high-energy gamma ray collisions and the high absorption coefficient of such radiations by body, is disputed. In this way, the main purpose of this study was introducing a composite shield which is made of tin and tungsten to avoid of drawbacks of using lead shield and evaluate their biological protection.

Blood samples were taken from non-radiation operatives. Samples poured in heparin tubes and then, exposed to gamma radiation emitted from technetium in intended ranges of time and places; after radiation, comet assay was carried out. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS Modeler version12 and C5.0 algorithm.

density of composite shield was much less than lead shield and about one-tenth of its density (1.23gr/cm3). DNA damage in both groups (with and without a lead shield) is higher in comparison with the lead free group (p<0.05).

Time variable was effective in increasing the damage of DNA In addition, difference between the type of shield variable (lead or lead-free) and distance wasnot effective in increasing the DNA damage

In most of studies, Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (MSOFA) was used in admission time of patients in intensive care units, while its changes in the value of the scores have been underestimated during the patients’ hospitalization. So, this study was purposed to detect the trend of mean changes and the ability of MSOFA to predict the sequel of patients in internal critical care units.

In a prospective analytical descriptive study, 346 medical patients of intensive care units of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad city (Iran) were monitored. Data collection tool was MSOFA check list. Information of each patient was collected and recorded for 12 days.

During 12 days of study, the progression of the mean scores of MSOFA was indicated an increasing and decreasing trend for patients who died and discharged respectively. Conspicoiusly, the trend of changes in area under the ROC curve also showed that modified SOFA had more ability in recognition of ill patients and detection of sequel of them in the days after the admission of patients in the intensive care units.

Ability of MSOFA in detection of sequel of medical patients in intensive care units was increased with duration of hospitalization of them. Thus, it was suggested that the daily MSOFA scores were calculated and recorded in addition to other care and treatment measurements. Also, trend of MSOFA scores during hospitalization, especially scores of last days, can use as decision making index about deterioration of patients in intensive care units