نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 11، زمستان 1396)

Several studies have shown that exposure to acute stress can affect many cognitive functions. In this study, the decision-making process affected by external stressors has been investigated.
The present study, from the perspective of methodology is placed in the category of experimental methods (pre-test/post-test with control and experimental groups). for this reason, among the students of department of psychology of Semnam University,a sample contained of 120 students,conveniently token and after screening, for matching the groups, 30 women and 30 men, randomly placed in gender groups of experiment and control. For assessing risky and rational decision making, Iowa Gambling Task, and for assessing state stress of participants, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults have been used.Data, analyzed with covariance analyze.
Results demonstrated that experimental groups in both women and men, after watching thriller movie tend to make more risky decisions
It seems that feeling acute stress can disturb decision making process and cause people to make risky decisions.Ttherefore, paying attention to the role of coping with stress becomes more significant.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the spatial and temporal bandwidth feedback on reducing error of the temporal and spatial accuracy of the fit’s speed accuracy trade off task.
The total participant in the present study was all healthy young women 17 to 25 years (N=48) and right-handed and voluntarily participated in the study and after the pre-test were divided equally into 4 groups of 12 and they practiced 4 blocks of 10 trials which trial 40 were recorded as a post-test. The apparatuses consisted one note pad‚ big size tablet‚ laptop and metronome. The first group workouts were offered along with providing bandwidth feedback related to spatial accuracy. This means that if the number of hits the error was more of 4 hit‚ was feedback related to the spatial accuracy. The third group workouts was along with the feedback from temporal accuracy‚ this means that if the average time between hits was more than 250 ms‚ feedback related to the temporal accuracy was offered. Second and fourth groups also were paired for the first and third groups.
Findings: The results of ANOVA with repeated measure at the significance level of 0.05 showed that providing feedback related to the temporal accuracy has significant effect on reducing of the temporal accuracy error‚ and as well as providing feedback related to the spatial accuracy has significant effect on reducing of the spatial accuracy error.
There wasn’t significant difference between the bandwidth and paired groups. It seems with increasing speed‚ temporal error has dropped that is one of exceptions of speed accuracy trade off

As the number of people in autism spectrum disorder is increasing every day, the need for providing possibilities with regard to various teaching arenas including language learning is more being felt. The main aim of the present study was teaching English as a foreign language to children with high-functioning autism.
This qualitative case study investigated the effect of behavioral and cognitive coaching on teaching English to two verbal Persian-speaking language learners. The four skills of motor-imitation, echoic, tacting, and manding were used for teaching.
Findings: The results showed that out of 103 language items, nine instances of failure were reported concerning both types of interventions. Sam who was taught based on behavioral intervention experienced nine instances failure (five instances in motor-imitation and four in echoic skill) and Mani none.
Despite the slight differences, it seems that teaching based on cognitive intervention was more successful, and it can be recommended for teaching English to high-functioning autistic learners.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the electrophysiological differences between two groups of students during solving problems on translation between graphical and algebraic representations of functions.
The research method of this paper was quantitative and quasi-experimental. We recruited 177 undergraduate male students studing engineering at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Using a a researcher-made mathematics exam they were divided into two groups; high conceptual and procedural knowledge group (HKG) and low conceptual and procedural knowledge group (LKG). Fourteen individuals were randomly selected from each group and participated in the ERPs experiment.
The number of true responses were higher for the HKG compared to the LKG. No significant differences were found between speed of response time of two groups. The ERP results showed that the P300 amplitude for the LKG was significantly higher than that of the HKG over CP5, CP6, P3, PZ, P4, O1 and O2 electrodes.
It seems possible that the differences between P300 amplitude between LKG and HKG are probably due to different mental strategies adopted by the two aforementioned groups during problem solving

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback education in improving the performance of attention and cognitive flexibility in athletic students.
To this end, 40 male students of physical education at Kharazmi University were randomly assigned to two groups of 20. The first group received 16 sessions of neurofeedback training (2 sessions per week) as the experimental group, and the second group (control) received no intervention. The research tools consisted of the Stroop Attention Computer Test and the Wisconsin Cognitive Flexibility Computer Test. The data were analyzed using one-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance and analyzed using SPSS19 software.
Findings: The results showed that the experimental group had statistically superiority (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of positive self- talk on competitive anxiety responses, salivary cortisol levels ​​and self-confidence in elite Wushu athletes.
For this purpose, 26 elite athlete’s man who participated in this study and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Competitive anxiety and self-confidence also salivary cortisol levels were measured in both groups in pre-test (first competition). The experimental group performed practice and post-test protocol was performed (second competition). Data were analyzed by paired t test and ANCOVA test.
Findings : The results showed that after intervention competitive anxiety and salivary cortisol has decreased. Self-confidence scores after the intervention also increased.
In general, it can be concluded that positive self-talk intervention can be a strategy to reduce psychophysiological responses of competitive anxiety and improve self-confidence

The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of TSCS therapy on executive functions of war survivors who suffer from PTSD.
It was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, experimental research and sham/placebo. The population of the research includes all injured people (wounded warriors) of Kermanshah and they were selected by purposeful sampling (available sampling) as 30 individuals (15 per group). In order to obtain data, Barkley psychological executive functions disorder scale (BDEFS) and Wooders et al. Traumatic Stress Disorder List (1994) was used and data were analyzed by Multivariate covariance analysis method.
Findings:The results showed that there is significant difference between mean score of time self-management, self-motivation, emotional self-regulation and total score of executive functions after omitting the effect of pre-test in experimental and control group (P0.05). in other word, it can be said that TDCS therapy had no effect and made no significant difference in self-organization/problem-solving and self-control/inhibition.
According to findings and promotion of executive functions in wounded warriors who suffer from PTSD, it is needed to use some treatments such as TDCS regularly

The purpose of present study, was to examine the effects of internal and external focus of attention on EEG changes in darts throwing skill. 14 students of Tehran Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (6 female and 8 male; mean age: 23.13 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Order of attentional strategy was counterbalanced across participants and they randomly divided into the two groups: one group is performed dart throwing internally, followed by external focus of attention, and the other use internal followed external focus of attention. Participants’ Brain Waves were recorded by EEG in three conditions, open eye resting and perform dart throw with internally and externally focus of attention and were transferred to quantitative data by Neuro-guide Software. Alpha and beta band cortical activity in central and parietal brain area were selected.
Findings: Results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed that log of absolute power of alpha band in externally focus of attention condition in C3 and in internally and externally focus of attention conditions in P3 and P4 brain areas were significantly lower than rest condition while there were no significant differences between two internal and external focus of attention conditions. In addition, log of absolute power of beta in internally focus of attention condition in P4 was significantly greater than externally focus of attention condition. Increasing beta power in P4 in internal focus of attention indicates greater focus on body movements during performance, which supports the superiority of internal focus of attention strategy in beginners

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of brand advertising on the brain wave pattern of interested and unproductive consumers of Nike brand.
This study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the present study was male students of Tabriz University in the period of 2016-17. At first, using brand-name questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire, brand-related students were identified as interested and uninvited students, and were randomly selected from 20 individuals and 20 uninitiated. Then the video clip that was used for Nor Marketing has been broadcast and at the same time a small amount of electroencephalography has been recorded in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Data were then analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and all stages were calculated by SPSS software version 19.
Findings: The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between those who are interested and not interested in advertising brand. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the delta, theta, and alpha frequencies (P 0.05).
Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that understanding the early functions of the human brain in the study of consumer purchasing behavior is possible using electrophysiological devices

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cerebellar direct electrical stimulation on the speed of processing in the attention of people with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder in Tehran.
. This quasi-experimental research was carried out in a pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder between the ages of 15 and 18 years in Tehran in 1396, of which 30 were selected as sample size. From the statistical population, 30 subjects in the experimental group and 30 controls were selected by random sampling and randomly selected. For the experimental group, direct brain electric stimulation was performed. Data collection tools consisted of the Vendriota questionnaire and the computer-aided computer visual and audio performance (IVA). To analyze the data, one-variable covariance test was used.
The results of the post-intervention research showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variable of attention processing speed (visual and auditory). Therefore, it can be said that direct brain electric stimulation is effective in improving the speed of attention processing in people with hyperactivity and attention deficit