مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال دهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 58، بهمن 1395)

Since hospitalized patients intubated in the intensive care unit are not able to discharge secretions and require periodic suctioning and require periodic suctioning that is associated with different adverse effects, this study aimed to compare the effects of open endotracheal suction with two catheter sizes of 12 and 14 on the levels of pain and discharge in patients admitted to intensive care.
In this clinical trial, 36 patients in one group underwent suction with catheters of two sizes, 12 and 14. Pain level in the first to third episodes, was assessed based on the CPOT criteria. The secretions output after the suctioning was collected in wing container and weighed on scales. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance.
In this study, pain during suctioning in the third episode, had the highest score, which was significantly different between large and small catheters (p=0.000). The secretion drainage after suctioning by large catheter was more and significantly statistically different (p=0.000).
Based on the findings of this study, in patients with high pulmonary secretions, larger suction catheter is recommended to facilitate the discharge, but on the other hand, due to feeling pain caused by large catheter, use of small catheter is recommended for better control of intracranial pressure and pain levels.

Omega-3 Supplementation has different effects on the body. Terefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of 4 weeks of flaxseed extract supplementation on serum concentrations of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
In this double-blind study, 24 male students (mean age, 23.21±1.98) were randomly divided into two groups, including flaxseed extract (n=12) and placebo (n=12). After 4 weeks of supplementation with flaxseed extract, serum levels of BDNF and CRP was measured in fasting state. BDNF level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and CRP level was measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay kit. Data were analyzed using t-test. The level of significance was set at p After four weeks of supplementation with flaxseed extract the mean serum level of BDNF significantly increased (p It seems that supplementation with flaxseed extract through increasing BDNF level is useful for the improvement of cognitive and functional benefits of the brain.

Vaspin is an adipokine, which has been derived from and recognized in the visceral fat tissue in rat. In the present study, the effect of endurance training was investigated on vaspin and glycemic indexes of diabetic rats.
In this experimental study, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin toxin after one week adaptation to laboratory conditions. In the following, after measuring fasting glucose of rats, 30 rats with fasting glucose above 200mg/dl, were selected as statistical sample and randomly divided into three groups (moderate and high intensity training and control). Moderate and high intensity training groups respectively ran on treadmill with no slope for 6 weeks (three 20 minute sessions per week) with the speed of 8-12m/min and 12-18m/min. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc tests. The level of significance was considered as p In this study, high-intensity training has a significant effect on the increase of vaspin. Moderate and high intensity training also had significant effects on the reductions of insulin, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.
According to the findings of the present research, it was clarified that endurance training can significantly affect glycemic indexes in diabetic rats.

Achillea millefolium Inflorescences (AMI) is one of the oldest and most well-known medicinal plants with potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of AMI on in vitro fertilization and embryonic development process in mice.
Twenty-four male white laboratory NMRI mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1 received normal saline (0.1 ml/kg); group 2, 3, and 4 received hydroalcoholic extract of AMI at doses of 75, 150, and 300mg/kg, respectively. Treatment were continued for 35 days. At the end, the mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, Cauda Epididymis were used to collect sperms, and rate of in vitro fertilization and embryonic development were examined in all groups. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests.
In the groups receiving low and medium doses of AMI extract, fertilization rate and the number of blastocysts increased and the number of arrested embryos was reduced, which was not significant compared to the control group. But in the group receiving high dose of the extract, fertilization rate and the number of blastocysts decreased (p According to the results of this study, hydroalcoholic extract of AMI has a dose-dependent manner, so that at low and medium doses had no significant effect, but at high dose reduced in vitro fertilization and embryos development.

Antioxidants are free radical scavengers and protect the body against oxidative damages. Today, seaweeds have attracted attention in researches on natural antioxidants. In the present study, antioxidant properties of red algae Gelidiella acerosa, were investigated.
Antioxidant properties of seaweed extract were investigated by three methods of DPPH free radical scavenging, reduction power, and metal chelating activity using methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA.
The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging was for 1 mg/ml concentration of n-hexane extract with 71.7±6.1% and IC50 value (1.7mg/ml). In reduction power assay, the concentration of 1mg/ml of ethyl acetate extract (0.6±0.0) was higher than other extracts. Metal chelating activity of methanol had the highest percentage in all concentrations, and in all three method, there was a direct relationship between extract concentration, radical inhibition power, and radical absorption.
Based on the obtained results, the antioxidant properties of seaweed was efficient and can be the basis for further studies to find new pharmaceutical compounds for the treatment of many diseases, such as cancer. Also, after preclinical and clinical studies, the extract can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Maladaptive Primary Schemas are fighting for their survival. On the other hand, several variables can relate to adolescents’ identity. One of these variables is happiness. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between happiness and maladaptive primary schemas in male and female adolescents and also comparing the level of happiness and use of this schemas in students.
This research was a correlational study, which its sample size was estimated to be 212 subjects, who were selected using random sampling. Data collection tools were Young Schema Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and spontaneous regression.
There was significant relationships between happiness and distrust/abuse and obedience schemas in males and entitlement/grandiosity schemas and unrelenting standards in females.
The results of this study revealed that boys who have obedience schema have higher level of happiness compared to those who do not have this schema, and boys who have distrust/abuse schema have lower level of happiness. Also, girls who have entitlement/grandiosity schema have higher level of happiness.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections. The infection caused by P. aeruginosa is commonly severe and life-threatening and hard to treat due to limited susceptibility to antibiotics and development of resistance during treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes in P. ýaeruginosa strains isolated from human and animal samples using Multiplex-PCR method.ý
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 120 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from of human samples and animal raw milk. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by gel diffusion method and according to CLSI guidelines. Cellular DNA was extracted by CinnaPure-DNA (Cell culture, Tissues, Gram-negative Bacteria and CSF) and Multiplex-PCR was performed for identification of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes.
In this study, the highest resistance in human and animal samples, was seen to amoxicillin and amikacin (100%) ýand the lowest resistance was to ciprofloxacin with frequency of 90% in human ýsamples and 93.4% in animal samples. Based on the CDT results, 37(60.8%) isolates showed ESBLs phenotype, and based on the M-PCR results, 26 ýý(21.6%) and 41 (34.2%) strains had blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, respectively.
The results of this study indicated that P. aeruginosa strains have high levels of resistance. Also, the frequency of these genes is high among human and animal isolates, therefore controlling these bacteria in humans and animals is of particular importance.

Parasitic diseases are one of the major hygienic and economic problems in most of the developing countries and dealing with them is one of the most important parts of the national development programs in these countries. In the current study, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection, determination of its affecting factors in primary and secondary school students in Qom city, and providing necessary solutions to prevent it, were investigated.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 2410 students (age, 7-14 years) in primary and secondary girls and boys schools in Qom City. Data gathering tool included School Health Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire containing demographic data of the students and their parent's education level and occupation. Data were analyzed using Fisher and chi-square tests. The level of significance was set at p Of 2140 students, 48.54% were female and the rest were male. The Overall prevalence of parasitic diseases in Qom city was estimated to be 11.99%, which was 12.86% in the primary school students and 10.71% in secondary school students, and was higher in boys compared to girls. The type of parasitic infection in 42.56% of caseswas Entamoeba coli, 37.37% Giardia, 6.23%, Entamoeba histolytica, 4.5% Enterobius vermicularis, and 2.08% Hymenolepis nana. The prevalence of the disease were reported higher in public schools, without health instructors, and extended families.
Considering the pathogenic role of parasites in the human and their physical, psychological, social, and economic damages and the importance of fighting them, health education at school level in the use of toilets, lavatory, and drinking water is recommend to prevent the spread of these infections.

Students are destiny makers of the country and some of their individual characteristics, such as personality type, can be the most important effective factor in their quality of life. The present study was performed with the purpose of determining the correlation between personality traits and quality of life in nursing students.
This study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study on 194 undergraduate nursing students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The samples were selected using census method. Data collection tools were Personality Traits Inventory and Quality of Life questionnaires of the World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation and independent t-tests.
In this study, environmental health dimension had a significant relationship with gender (p=0.048), and environmental health score was higher in the male students compared to the female students, but there was no significant correlation between the personality traits of students and their gender. Personality traits, including extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness had a positive relationship with quality of life dimensions; there was a negative relationship between neuroticism and quality of life dimensions, and there was no significant relationship between openness to experience and quality of life dimensions.
Based on the results of this study, since personality traits play an important role in various dimensions of quality of life of students, thus it is expected that admission of students in this field will be done based on their personality traits. Also, planning for the improvement of quality of life of female students in environmental health dimension is necessary.

Nosocomial infections are associated with complications, mortality, and imposing high costs. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common strain causing nosocomial infections. Colonization of this microorganism in the nose is also a source of spread of nosocomial infection. In this study, the prevalence of nasal carriers of this bacterium, was investigated among the staff of Hazrate Masoumeh Hospital.
This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on all the staff of Hazrate Masoumeh Hospital, who were in contact with patients. A nasal sample was obtained using a sterile swap. The samples were cultured in a culture medium appropriate for staphylococcus aureus, and antibiogram was performed for positive culture sample. Data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t- and ANOVA tests. The significance level was considered to be p Of 90 subjects (25 men and 65 women), 37 subjects were diagnosed to be Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infection had no significant difference among the participant in term of demographic variables, and 89.7% of the samples were susceptible to vancomycin, 93.1% to mupirocin, 96.6% to imipenem, 89.7% to oxacillin, and 3.4% to methicillin.
According to the results of this study, which indicate the high prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers among the hospital staff, it is possible to reduce mortality and economic costs in the hospitals through observation of hygiene practices by the personnel, who are a source of spread of nosocomial infection and through proper treatment of the diagnosed cases.

Leisure time is an opportunity allowing a person to fill his/her time with mental or entertaining activity according to his/her interest and incentive, when he/she is relatively free. The current study aimed to assess and prioritize the activities of the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in their leisure time.
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 405 students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A total of 325 students were selected using random stratified sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, which its reliability and validity had been confirmed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Ninety percent of the students had leisure time during the day, which was more than 1 hour in 78% of them. The most important priorities of the students for spending their leisure time was recreation and having fun in 261 subjects (70.5%), rest in 239 (64.6%), using social networks in 239 (64.6%), reading non-school related materials in 229 (61.9%), reading school related materials in 220 (59.5%), sport in 201 (54.3%), and using game software in 193 (52.2%), among which, reading school related materials was significantly different between males and females (p Based on the results of this study, most of the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences do not make effective use of cell phone, social networks, and computer games. Also, sport and studying activities have not considerable place in their leisure activities, which necessitates providing accurate planning.

Apelin is secreted from visceral adipose tissue. However, the effect of resistance training and consequent detraining on the apelin level in obesity, has not yet been clearly determined. In the current research, the effect of 4 weeks of detraining after a period of resistance training, was investigated on the plasma apelin levels in overweight and obese girls.
In this quasi-experimental study, 22 overweight and obese girls were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=10). The experimental group exercised in an 8-week training program (4 sessions per week) according to a training program with an intensity of 65-80% of one maximum repetition, and then experienced 4 weeks of detraining. Blood sampling was performed after a 12-h fasting in various phases and the level of apelin was measured. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, repeated measure ANOVA, post-hoc LSD, and independent t-tests at a significance level of α Resistance training caused a significant decrease in weight, BMI, and body fat mass in the experimental group compared to the control group (p0.05). Also, after 4 weeks of detraining a slight increase was seen in the levels of apelin, but was not significant (p>0.05).
According to the results of this study, resistance training as a new non-drug therapy can be effective in reducing the levels of apelin. Also, apelin levels increases with discontinuation of exercise, which may lead to the emergence of inflammatory features in the cardiovascular system.