مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 62، خرداد 1396)

According to the previous findings, brain ischemia attenuates the brain antioxidant defense system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxylated fullerene nanoparticle on antioxidant defense system in ischemic brain rat.
In this Experimental study, rats were divided into three groups (n=6 in each group): sham, ischemic control, and ischemic treatment group. Brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion for 90 minutes followed by a 24-hour reperfusion. Ischemic treatment animals received fullerene nanoparticles intraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg immediately after the end of MCA occlusion. After 24-h reperfusion period, brain catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione activities were assessed by biochemical methods. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
The mean glutathione level and catalase and SOD activities in sham animals were 1±0.18%, 1±0.20%, and 1±0.04%, respectively. Induction of brain ischemia decreased the value of glutathione level and catalase and SOD activities in control ischemic rats and their values were obtained to be 0.55±0.09%, 0.44±0.05%, and 0.86±0.02%, respectively. Fullerene significantly increased the activities of catalase (0.93±0.29%) and SOD (1.33±0.22%) in ischemic treatment group compared to ischemic control rats, but did not change the glutathione level (0.52±0.25%).
The results of this study showed that treatment with fullerene nanoparticles improves the brain antioxidant defense system, which is weakened during brain ischemia, through increasing catalase and SOD activities.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Most laboratories usually use culture method and various biochemical tests for identification of P. aeruginosa, which are time-consuming and sometimes lead to false positive and negative results. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of PCR with DNA extracted by kit and PCR with direct colony for detection of P. aeruginosa isolates.
In this descriptive-analytical study, out of 395 different clinical isolates, 85 isolates were identified using basic biochemical tests and culture on P. aeruginosa specific media. Then, they were assessed by OPrL, ExoA, algD genes using two methods of direct PCR by using DNA extraction kit and direct PCR and PCR with DNA extracted by kit.
Out of 85 P. aeruginosa isolates detected by phenotypic screening, 81 isolates had OPrL, ExoA, algD genes using PCR with DNA extracted by kit with (amlicon size, 504, 396, and 526 bp) and 80 isolates had the mentioned genes using direct PCR.
This study showed that, acceptable diagnostic results can be achieved in the identification of P. aeruginosa without using extraction kits three stable gens of P. aeruginosa detect by using two different molecular methods. The results showed that, without using extraction kit can be acceptable diagnostic obtained of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the other hand, in the obtained results, phenotypic P. aeruginosa detection methods’ error can be observed.

Dietary intake and anthropometric indices have a significant role in the development and progression of hypertension. In this study, anthropometric indices and effective nutrients were assessed in the development and exacerbation of hypertension in postmenopausal women with a history of hypertension.
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 211 postmenopausal women with high blood pressure in Qom province. First, weight, height, and waist circumference to hip circumference ratio, were measured. Food intake of the subjects was recorded by the 24-hour dietary recall. Nutritionist 4 software was used to determine nutrient intake, and was compared with recommended daily allowances (RDA). Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered p In this study, the mean protein intake was 58.5g (123% RDA) and carbohydrate was 201.5g (155% RDA). 12.3g (one quarter or 25%) of fat intake was saturated fat. The mean sodium intake was 1268.5mg (98% RDA) and the mean intake of potassium was 1779mg (only 37% of RDA). The mean daily intake of calcium was 451mg (37% RDA). Ninety percent of the subjects had abdominal obesity and 75% were overweight and obese.
Based on the findings of this study, dietary nutrients intake that affects blood pressure control, such as dietary fiber, potassium, and calcium, was significantly lower than the recommended amounts. Therefore, provision of the necessary trainings is required for healthy food selection and weight control.

Manual handling of disabled patients is one of the important and effective factors in acute low back pain among exposed nurses. The present study was conducted with the objective of quantitative risk assessment of patient manual handling among nurses in wards of one of the hospitals in Tehran using MAPO method.
The present study was conducted as an analytical-cross-sectional study in 26 wards of one of the hospitals in Tehran city. Samples were selected by census method from nurses and paramedics of different wards of hospital. Data collection was performed using demographic information and MAPO checklist.
The highest score of MAPO were, respectively, related to wards of DI clinic (score, 14.7), men orthopedic (score, 6.3), and general operating room (score, 57). 53.8% of hospital wards were at the level 2 corrective action, which indicated that the risk of musculoskeletal disorder is 2.4 times higher than level 1 corrective action.
Given that the proportion of disabled patient in cooperation and/or partial cooperation, lifting tools, auxiliary, wheelchair, and training have the most role among risk factors for above-mentioned wards, increasing the number of human resources and wheelchair, use of lifting and auxiliary tools and training reduce MAPO score and consequently the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Wound care in burn patients is associated with severe anxiety that is characterized by feeling of fear and prediction of burn dressing pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between pain and pain anxiety in burn patients.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 eligible patients hospitalized in men’s and women’s burn wards of Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, were selected using available sampling. Pain anxiety and pain severity were measured using self-report pain anxiety questionnaire and visual analog scale, respectively, before and after burn dressing during three weeks (once a week). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.
In this study, there was a significant linear correlation between pain and pain anxiety in the first week (r=0.512, p According to the results of this study, assessment and treatment of pain anxiety are essential elements of pain care and management in burn patients.

Narcotics addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychological disorder, which is associated with severe motivational disorders and loss of behavioural control. Addiction and abuse of narcotic substances have various predisposing factors in the areas of attitude, environment, and society. On the other hand, previous researches have shown that addiction causes transformation in the perception of social issues and type of attitude toward this problem. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abuse of narcotic substances and psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept in the addicts.
This research was a correlational study. Statistical population included individuals covered by addiction withdrawal centers of Qom city, who were selected (250 subjects) by convenience sampling. Data collection was performed using drug screening, self-concept, psychological obstinacy and quality of life questionnaires. To analyse the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests, were used.
There was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 level, between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy (-0.531). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and quality of life (0.285). Also, there was a significant negative correlation at the 0.05 levels, between narcotics abuse and self-concept (-0.475).
The results of this study showed that there is significant correlation (in 0.05 levels) between narcotics abuse and psychological obstinacy, life quality, and self-concept, and individuals with higher narcotic abuse have lower psychological obstinacy, quality of life, and self-concept.

In recent years, the role of integrons has been identified in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and to identify class I and II integrons and associated gene cassettes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 isolates of S. aureus were isolated from clinical samples in 2015. After cultivation, the isolates were verified by standard biochemical tests. Then, PCR test was used on nuc gene for final confirmation of the isolates and presence of methicillin-resistance gene. Then, methicillin-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to 9 antibiotics. Finally, identification of Class I and II integrons genes and associated gene cassettes was performed on mecA gene using PCR method. Data analysis was carried out using Chi square test.
Forty-one out of 100 S. aureus isolates carried mecA gene. The most frequent antibiotic resistance was for cefoxitin and tetracycline (41 and 36 isolates, respectively) and the lowest resistance was reported for vancomycin (0). In this study, The prevalence of 38 isolates (92.68%) and 3 isolates (7.31%) produced class I and II integrons. One type of gene cassette was identified in these isolates, which was related to aadA1 gene cassette.
The results of the current study were indicative of high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and class I integrons in S. aureus isolates carrying mecA gene.

Identification of psychological factors that are involved in couples’ dissatisfaction, is of great importance. This research was performed to investigate the role of intimacy, feeling of loneliness, and alexithymia in the prediction of marital satisfaction.
This study was performed as a descriptive-correlational study on all students of Science and Research Branch of Qazvin Islamic Azad University, 2013-2014. A total of 375 students (187 males and 188 females), were selected using available sampling method. Research tools included Enrich Marriage Questionnaire, Walker and Thompson Intimacy Questionnaire, Dehshiri et al. Loneliness Questionnaire, and Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression tests.
In this study, there was a significant positive relationship between intimacy and marital satisfaction. There was significant negative relationship between loneliness, loneliness caused by family, and emotional loneliness with marital satisfaction. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between alexithymia and its components and marital satisfaction.
Based on the results of this study, intimacy, feeling of loneliness, and alexithymia play a role in marital satisfaction prediction. According to the results of stepwise regression, it was revealed that intimacy, loneliness, and alexithymia, respectively have the most contribution in marital satisfaction in and explain 52% of the variance of marital satisfaction.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the five causes of nosocomial infections. Presence of this bacterium in operating rooms is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. This study was performed to investigate the contamination rate of S. aureus in the nose of personnel of operating rooms and its related antibiotic resistance.
In this study, samples were taken from the nasal entrance of the personnel using a sterile swab on Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Then, the obtained samples were transferred to mannitol salt agar, and catalase- and coagulase-positive Staphylococci, were separated. Finally, agar disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Data analysis was performed using Chi square and t-test.
In this research, 47 males (60.25) and 31 females (39.75) were studied. Twenty-two subjects (28.20%) {9 (40.90%) females and 13 (59.09%) males}, were nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. Five experimental bacteria carrier groups included 3 (13.63%) surgeons, 7 (83.31%) scrubs, 4 (18.18%) circulars, 4 (18.18%) anesthesias, 4 (18/18%) services working in operating room. Most antibiotic resistance in the nose was against penicillin and piperacillin with resistance of 20 samples (90%) and the lowest resistance was against vancomycin with resistance of 4 samples (18.18%) and cefotaxime with 5 samples (22.72%). Of five occupational categories, scrub staff were the highest and surgeons were the lowest nasal carriers. 31.83% and 13.63%, respectively). There was a significant relationship between occupational category and nasal staphylococcus.
According to the results of this study, limited number of operating room staff were resistant to cefotaxime and vancomycin antibiotics. Therefore, more attention can be paid to adoption of therapeutic and some preventive methods by these two antibiotics and also recommended of excessive prescription of antibiotics is prevention.

RNA interference is a process, in which a molecule of double-stranded RNA prevents the expression of a particular gene and leads to its silencing. Application of this technology in the control of disease-carrying insects is rising in agriculture and medical sciences. Also, its application in control of insect-borne diseases could be considered as a new, important, and effective approach. In this article, it was attempted to study the mechanisms of RNA interference, routs of its delivery to insects, as well as its application in genetic control of disease vector insects.
In this study, 71 indexed articles in databases, such as Pubmed, SID, Scopus, Science direct, and Google scholar, were used.
dsRNA could be delivered to insect body through three routes of oral, injection, and Impregnation. The mechanism of dsRNA entrance into the cells has considerable effect on the success and applicability of this technique. Identification of host-parasite relationship in the insect body is one of the important applications of RNAi in medical entomology.
Although, there is a considerable number of researches on RNAi in the agricultural pests field, studies on insect vectors of human diseases have been mostly in-vivo. However, application of RNAi is suggested as a new, safe and applicable approach, alone or along with other methods. Certainly, further researches in this field can pave the way for enforcement measures in the control of disease vectors, especially Zika, dengue fever, and malaria in the not so distant future.

Visuospatial skills are among cognitive functions, which play important role in everyday life. One of the aims of this research in the field of spatial skills, is to investigate the ability to increase these skills. The purposes of the current research was to determine the effect of neuropsychological mental rotation exercises on the visuospatial function in the university students.
The method of this experimental study was pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all students (age, 20-24 years) of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in academic year 2015-2016. Statistical sample included 30 male students, who were selected using random sampling and divided into two groups of experimental and control (each N=15). To collect data, the computerized version of Shepard and Metzler’s mental rotation tasks and mitsushina's Judgment of Line Orientation Task were used.
In this study, neuropsychological mental rotation exercises had significant effect on both mental rotation ability (p The results of this study was indicative of significant effect of neuropsychological mental rotation exercises on mental rotation ability and visuospatial function in the university students, which can be used to design future educational curricula, aiming at improved academic function.