پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1394)

The book Alfitnah Jadaliyyah fi al-Din wa Alsyasah fi islam Almobakker by Tunisian thinker and historian Dr. Hisham Djait is among the globally acknowledged works that was translated into Arabic in December 1991 and published by Dar-altalieh Publications in Beirut. The book which is divided into five chapters gives an account of the important historical events occurring during the thirty years after the time of the Prophet (pbuh) and analyzes those incidents with an emphasis on the events which happened during the last years of Othman’s and Ali’s caliphate. Religious unity, building an Islamic state and jihad, conquests and Islamic Empire, the battles of Jamal, Siffin and Nehruvan are the basic issues discussed in the book. The term fitnah is used to refer to the five-year period of the Caliphate of Rashedun; a historical setting that, according to the author of the book, that was a combination of internal strife and religious conflict that ultimately resulted in sectarianism and break in the Ummah of the Prophet (pbuh). Despite the importance of this period, and regarding the fact that till now no serious historical study is done concerning it, the author of the book has tried carefully, deeply and obsessively to produce a historical account of this time. In the present article, while giving a formal introduction on the book, the researcher has evaluated and criticised the given book.

The goal of this paper is to review the book titled Sociology of Art by Dr. Amir Hossein Arianpour. The paper starts with a short introduction on the form of the book and discusses the contents and themes in the work and briefly presents some scientific and research points which were not observed. In the beginning of the paper by emphasizing on the Roland Barthes’s The Death of the Author (French: La mort de lauteur) thesis, the author tries- with all due respects to the author of the book- to leave out all futile concerns and compliments in order to present a clear, transparent and explicitly self-sustaining critique through adopting necessary analysis. However, before reaching that result, a brief review is presented on various theories on arts such as arts for the sake of arts, followership art and vanguard art and by giving some definitions on them, the research continues by presenting arguments on the opinion that the book is not up-to-date. In the meantime, before conclusion, there are some suggestions on the context of the book which could familiarize the reader with the approach of sociology in arts. In the last stage; i.e., conclusion, all items that should be observed on reviewing and critique in this book have been presented in an arranged order.

This article critics the explanative and interpretative position of: An Introduction to The Urbanization in the Seljuk Period. The creation of social and economic structure of cities in Seljuk's era and more organized functions that been performed, are some of the best aspects of Iran history in this era that give this book value of criticizing. Back grounds of Consolidation and institutionalization of urban structure have been prepared in Iran in Seljuk's era and ancient and Islamic heritages and cultural and civilized achievements in beginning eras of Islam integrated with each other and reached significant social-economical structure. The author besides paying attention to process of developing of city and urbanization in Iran history, research about urban relations of this era and by concentrating on urban economy and subsistence function in middle age, survey economical relations of cities with other productive systems during Seljuk's era.

The Prophet Muhammad`s (pbuh) life has always been of great interest especially to the Muslim scholars. There have, however, been some discrepancies in their accounts of the prophet`s life depending on these scholars religious orientations, principles, criteria, methodology, styles, motives, and purposes. One of the books in this area is, Al Sahih Men Sirat Nabavi, The writer, elaborating on the prophet`s character in different manuscripts, discusses the role of the most recent writers in this area. Discussing the confused principles and criteria used to describe the prophet`s character, the author presents his own framework of principles and referring to both Sunni and Shia accounts, gives his own account of the Prophet`s character which he believes is the most accurate. Discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the book, the present paper examines the writer`s methodology.

“Early Mongol Rull In Thirteenth Century Iran; A Persian Renaissance “by George Lain is a different study on Hulako’s invasion to Iran and Ilkhanid’s dynasty stublishment. The study based on two cl firstly, Hulako’s coming to Iran is not a aggression _ such as Chingiz invasion _ but it is a Hulako’s accepting to Iranian invitaition. Secondly, stublishment of Ilkhanid dynasty acts as restoring of Persian culture. George Lain applied ‘Persian Renaissance’ to sign to the claims.But seems that it’s necessary to criticies the claims. therefore the essay try to answer to some questions: What is the bases of the different authore’s view? What is the sources which authore has used from, and how he exploit them? Is there any relation between “Persian Renaissance” and politic – cultural conditions in early Ilkhanid period? The essay discuse these questions with intra and extra structural critique.