فصلنامه اقتصاد اسلامی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1386)

The Islamic economics subject and its scope have been studied in this paper. Three theories arise in this field: 1. The Islamic economic subject like conventional economic is an economic phenomenon.2. Its subject is the economic behaviors of Muslims in an Islamic society.3. Its subject is the economic behaviors of peoples in an Islamic society.It is believed in the third theory that the Islamic economics is universal and contains public scientific laws that enables this science to explicate human behaviors apart from its believe and values.In this article we come to this conclusion that it is impossible to get a universal economics. We can attribute economics to Islam in two ways: 1- through subject 2- through epistemology and ontology.If the subject of a science is the behavior of Muslim people in an Islamic society, the result will be different even if the description and prediction method are as the same each other. It arises because the economic religion foundation of Islam, the Muslim intensive, ethics and Islamic law are different from capitalism. We should attribute the methodology of this science to Islam if its subject were not the economic behavior of Muslim people in an Islamic society.The economics methodology is based on ontology and epistemology of capitalism that is different from the principle of Islam. If we can define a method based on epistemology and ontology in Islam and different from conventional economics then it can be asserted that Islamic economics will be universal.Islamic economics can describe, explicate and predict the matters in Islamic and non-Islamic societies via this method. But the different result will be the case when this method applies in Islamic and non-Islamic societies.

It is aimed to address the role of government and its stand in an Islamic economic system by using economic theories and on the basis of public theory of Islamic state. It is proved that while the first principle in Islam is to prevent government intervention but the opposite will be the case because of economic and jurisprudential reasons to provide the purposes of Islam in an economic life.Therefore a different pattern has been designed for the role of government in economy based on free activity and the economic responsibility of people and also the responsible intervention of government in an Islamic system framework in comparison with other economic systems.

It is aimed to address the role of government and its stand in an Islamic economic system by using economic theories and on the basis of public theory of Islamic state. It is proved that while the first principle in Islam is to prevent government intervention but the opposite will be the case because of economic and jurisprudential reasons to provide the purposes of Islam in an economic life.Therefore a different pattern has been designed for the role of government in economy based on free activity and the economic responsibility of people and also the responsible intervention of government in an Islamic system framework in comparison with other economic systems.

Intellectual concepts are the origin for the beliefs to make human behavior. These behaviors will provide the ground of development while they are made in a proper trend and predictable arrangement as well as designed in an obvious feature and compatible structure. Economic behaviors will be affected by intellectual concepts. Some of these concepts have a noticeable effect on work and attempts. Max Weber believed that: this effect has such an importance that can provide a ground for making an economic system.Provision is a Quran concept which is entered in Islamic cultures and carries an important role for constructing Islamic economic system. The question is that if provision concept affect on economic behaviors? The Theory followed in this paper is that provision concept in Quran framework provide some beliefs in human mind which not only It isnt obstacle to economic growth and development but have positive effects on it also.

Central bank has published applicable and strategic instruction for issuing electronic cards in accordance with the 10th sentence of electronic banking regulation. Electronic card accelerate the receiving and giving process of money via electronic communication. When a customer demand for credit card, bank studies his/her record and issue him/her a card with a certain amount credit. Thus, the customer can purchase with this credit card and pay the account statement at once or monthly installments. Since the origin of credit cards comes from western countries, law relations ruling on credit cards transactions would be against religious rules. Therefore it is necessary to devise a religious solution for organizing credit cards transactions. Central bank solution seems to be a good start but it does not remain suitable permanently and changes to an obstacle for the development of electronic banking in long run. In this paper after studying the central bank solution, it is suggested another solution to organize credit card transactions based on credit electronic store and Morabaha contract.Credit Card, Riba, Gharzolhasaneh (Money Loaned without Interest), Morabaha Sale, Mandatory Sale, Delay Fine (Penalty

Economists always stress on macroeconomic policy goals such as, full employment, stable prices, income distribution, and stable growth. Income distribution has been one of the most important goals in macroeconomic policy.In this research, we try to highlight the role and importance of Gharzolhasaneh on income distribution concerning different Provinces in Iran.In order to evaluate the effect of Gharzolhasaneh value added on the income distribution, we have used Provincial Cross- Panel Data. For model specification, we have carried out the F-Limmer test. Gharzolhasaneh in Tehran Province has a large difference with that of other Provinces in Iran. So, we have estimated two models; one included Tehran and the other excluded Tehran.The results indicate that Gharzolhasaneh Fund activity, assuming other things equal, in most Provinces has reducing effect on income distribution: Increase in Gharzolhasaneh’s performance in 19 Provinces. Unlike these, Gharzolhasaneh has had incearsing effect on inequality in 8 Provinces, but significant only in Esfahan, Zanjan, Golestan, Gilan and Markazi. Investigation concerning the causes of this increasing effect within these Provinces requires a Researches separate.