مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 80، امرداد 1392)

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important outcome measure in primary brain tumor patients، because they have an incurable disease. The objective of this study was to examine HRQOL and associated factors among patients with primary brain tumor. 194 brain tumor patients who had been referred to Shariati hospital were examined. The eligible patients were asked to complete a questionnaire which consisted of demographic questions، clinical variables، the EORTC QLQ-C30 and The EORTC QLQ-BN20. The data was analyzed by multivariate regression. Mean age of the patients was 42. 05±16. 0 years. Most of the patients were male (53%) and married (66%). The multivariate regression models indicated that older age، Female sex، lower education were associated with poor quality of life and more symptoms. On the other hand، combination treatment، total resection، better MMSE score (Mini-Mental State Exam)، higher functional status as reflected in the Karnofsky measure were associated with higher quality of life. These results were similar for both generic and disease specific quality of life. However، demographic and clinical variables predicted better changing disease specific quality of life in comparison with the generic measures. Discussion & patients with brain tumor suffer from poor quality of life in all generic and specific dimensions. The need for supportive interventions including new treatment strategies، rehabilitation and social work for this patient population seems necessary.

Health includes a spectrum of elements such as physical، psychological، moral، social، intellectual and environmental. Proper nutrition، enough physical activity، avoidance from dangerous behaviors and early diagnosis of ailments signs are all necessary to achieve the highest level of physical health. Moreover، health improvement will help populations thro-ugh enhancement in their own health control. Considering this fact that about 50% of all expenses are due to unhealthy lifestyle، we decided to examine health promoting behaviors amongst academic staff of Yazd University of Medical Sciences.

Totally، 142 teachers in Yazd Shahid Sadoqi University participated in this cross-sectional study through census met-hod. Data were collected using an HpLp-II que-stionnaire which involved 52 items، 2 categories and 6 sub-scales. First category covered health-promoting behaviors which included health responsibility، physical activity and nutritional habits subscale. Second category consisted of psychosocial well-being، which included comp-onents such as spiritual growth، interpersonal relations، and stress management subscale. Each question was valued considering likert scale ranging from 52 to 208. The collected data entered in SPSS and analyzed by statistical tests including X2، T-Test and Correlation.

Results from 142 questionnaires sho-wed that 26. 8% of participants were female and the remaining، 73. 2%، were male. 6. 3% of the participants were single and 93. 7% were marr-ied. 51. 4% of them were specialist. Results sh-owed that the more participants evaluated their health as good، the more they got higher scores in health promoting behaviors. Comparison of two genders in health prompting behaviors gr-oup showed that female staff achieved higher score in nutritional behavior، health respon-sibility and interpersonal relations but the differ-rences were not statistically significant. Evalu-ating health prompting behaviors with conside-ring marital status of participants showed that married acquired higher scores in physical activity and nutritional behavior in comparison with single participants، but these differences are not statically significant too. Only a few number of participants showed health respon-sibility (10. 6% to 18. 4%). Altogether، scores regarding physical activity in both genders were low in contrast with other measures of health promoting behaviors and only 18. 24% to 28. 8% of participants obeyed a scheduled physical activity program. Diet patterns showed that the portions of vegetable and whole grains in part-icipants’ diet were below the recommended amount. Moreover، only 50% of subjects ate breakfast. Data regarding stress management showed that about 40% of participants used str-ess management skills and male subjects achi-eved higher scores in this area. Discussion &

Results from this study showed that about 60% of participants achieved scores from health promoting behave-iors. The most obtained scores were related to spiritual growth and the weakest one were from physical activity. In other subscales the subjects showed an average manner. Considering this fact that an overall improvement in health pro-moting behaviors will increase academic staff activity، efficiency and productivity، we suggest using the theories of behavior change wich are useful as a foundation for developing interve-ntions to promote health promoting behaviors in academic staffs.

Given the ever-increasing gr-owth of escaping of adolescents particularly girls from home and the individual and social unfavorable consequences of the ev-ent، this study was conducted to survey the personal and psychological features of the escaping of girls and women in Kerma-nshah Township during 2011. The present research was a quantitative study that was performed on 98 runaway girls and women in Ker-manshah attending the Social Emergency Centre of information. The SCL-90 questi-onnaires were purposefully used to be completed by the subjects. The data drawn from this approach were analyzed by using of the descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The statistical tests used in this study were»mean«and x2. The findings of this study indic-ated a significant relationship between esc-aping and depression (71. 42)، aggressiven-ess (67. 33)، protection problems in mutual relationships (60. 19)، morbid anxiety (57. 13)، paranoid disorder (38. 76)، psyc-hotic disorders (38. 76)، hypochondriasis disorder (37. 74)، obsessive-compulsive dis-order (32. 46)، and phobias (31. 62) among the subjects under study (P<0. 05). Discussion & Considering the increasing trend of girls’ escaping from ho-me and its unfavorable consequences، pay-ing attention to the preventative measures، identification of predisposing factors and various interventional rectifying actions m-ay be necessary.

Pain is one of the most pro-blems after cesarean section that causes m-any physiological and psychological probl-ems for mother. Numerous actions have be-en used to alleviate the post operative pain of cesarean. However، there is no consensus about the best suitable analgesic method. Aim of this study was to compare the impa-cts of general and spinal anesthesia on the severity of pain and consequences of the cesarean operation. The present resea-rch was a double-blinded، randomized، cli-nical trial study، in which 110 pregnant wo-men aged 20-35 years undergoing cesarean (55 women in the spinal group and 55 wo-men in the general group) were assessed. Surgery technique was the same in both groups. All women received diclofenac so-dium as suppository. The post operation pain intensity (intolerable، sever، moderate، mild and no pain) were measured in groups by visual analog scale (VAS)، headache، nausea and vomiting frequency. Also، the analgesic dose were measured in two gro-ups then compared. The data was analyzed by the SPSS software، version 11 and the statistical tests، chi-square and fisher. 17. 3% of the participants had nau-sea and vomiting and 2. 7% had headache after cesarean operation. In the recovery ro-om before receiving the analgesics، 44. 5% had moderate pain، and after receiving of analgesics 59. 1% had mild pain. 47. 3% of the patients received two doses of diclo-fenac sodium for relief of pain. There was a significant relationship between anesthesia type and pain intensity after surgery (p<0. 05). There was no significant relation-ship between the anesthesia type and head-ache after pain. Discussion & The type of an-esthesia has a significant influence on the intensity of pain، headache، nausea، and vo-miting after cesarean section.

Morphine is a potent analgesic and narcotic drug that is found in opium. It is also an endocrine substance in humans and animals. This medication is used to treat mild to severe pain. This study was done to evaluate the histopathological effects of opium on liver and kidney. 60 rabbits (30 male and 30 female) weighing 300-250 g were divided into control and addicts، randomly. Addicted rabbits received 25 mg / case / day opium by gavage. This rate gradually over a period of one week to 100 mg / case / day and kept on to day 60. At the end of period rabbits were euthanized، kidney and liver tissues were removed and fixed in formalin. Routine histological methods was done to prepare slides and stained with H&E. our findings showed that in rabbits treated with opium the dilation of collecting tubules، dilation on interestisium، sever hemorrhage، hypertrophy and hyperplasia of renal corpuscles was recorded. In liver hyperemia in central veins، presence of inflammatory cells، fatty change، necrosis of hepatocytes and enlarging the sinusoids was seen. Morphine caused Structural abnormalities in liver and kidney. With respect to our findings، histological changes and dysfunction in kidney and liver could be considered as problems in addicted.

One of the most impact of rodent`s study is the capability of disease transmitting to human. Rodents are the reservoirs for the assortment of zoonotic infections. In this study 108 rats were collected، using wire traps، between autumn 2010 till summer 2011 from Dezfoul and Andimeshk Khuzestan province، Iran. Worms were identified following the precise dissection which has been performed in laboratory of Parasitology، school of public health، Tehran University of medical sciences، Iran. Amongst 108 captured rats، 38 rats were found infected with parasitic worms. In the midst of 38 infected rats 6 mix infections were seen، According to the above results، the prevalence of parasitic infection in collected rats were 35. 1%. Seven recognized species were Trichosomoides crassicauda (13. 8%)، Hymenolepis diminuta (10. 1%)، Cystycercus fasciolaris (7. 4%)، Richtolaria ratti (2. 7%)، Moniliformis moniliformis (2. 7%) and Hymenolepis nana (1. 8%) and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1. 8%) Discussion& According to this study`s outcome 5 species، H. nana، H. diminuta، M. moniliformis، Richtolaria ratti and C. fasciolaris، have been reported as parasitic zoonoses worms which possess the ability of human infecting due to literature review. M. moniliformis and H،diminuta that exist in the list above require an arthropod intermediate hosts in favour of infecting definitive hosts; including human. Flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) as a grains pests is a well-known exemplary which can illustrate the importance of food sanitation.

Annually، about one million persons attempt to suicide and averagely، one person suicides in every forty seconds. According to the world official statistics ab-out one-third (27%-37%) of the suicides are caused by self-burning. In accords with the reports of deaths registration system in Iran، eleven people daily die because of suicide and one-third of them end their life by self-burning. The aim of the study was to eva-luate the percentages of burning in subjects who committed to self-burning in the provi-nce of Ilam between 1372-1385. In the cross-sectional study all documents of patients with the his-tory of burning were separated at the hos-pital of Taleghani in the province of Ilam during 1372-1385. About 587 cases of the patients had committed to burn themselves. Then، some information such as age، sex، level of education، marital status، percenta-ge of burning and etc were recorded in a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test، regression models and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Eighty percent of the patients were female with a mean age of 26. With the elevation of each year of age، the rate of suicide by burning was increased by 0. 13%. The rate of mortality in subjects who com-mitted to self-burning was 73% and the mean percentage of their burning was 82%. The majority of the patients were married and unemployed with low level of educa-tion. 86. 67% and 75. 9% of the patients had a history of physical illness and educational problems، respectively. Psychotic disorders were detected among 74. 73% of the cases. The rate of self-burning was 82% among subjects who had graduated from high sch-ool. Most of the suicides by burning had been occurred in winter and to lesser extent in summer. Discussion & Self-burning is the most common method of suicide in the province of Ilam، Iran. Although، the most of risk factors for suicide in our study were similar to those that have been known in the literature، we found that the high risk gro-ups were married women and the most imp-ortant risk factors of self-burning included، physical illness، education problem، unemp-loyment، psychotic problem and other so-cial factors. The findings of the study could be helpful and may offer strategies to decre-ase the rate of suicide in the province of Ilam.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitological disease that is spread in many tropical and subtropical areas in world. This disease transmitted by female sand flies. It is clear that knowledge on sand flies ecology has the main role to planning of control of CL. This study was carried out for determination of CL vectors، in Ghanavat district in Qom province during 2012. The present study was a cross-sectional one that conducted on sand flies. It was carried out in Ghanavat district of Qom province during 2012. Sand flies were collected biweekly from indoors and outdoors (rodent burrows) of three villages، using 180 sticky traps (castor oil coated white paper 20 x 32 cm) from the beginning May to the end November of the active season. For species identification، sand flies were mounted in Puri’s medium and identified after 24 h using the keys of Theodor and Mesghali (1964). A total of 5940 sand flies (2079 from indoors and 3861 from outdoors) were collected and identified. The following seven species was found: Phlebotomus papatasi (82. 4%). P. sergenti (0/84%)، p. caucasicus (0/67%)، Sergentomyia sintoni (14/7%)، S. dentata (1/37%) S. clydei (0/019%) and S. pawlowski (0/001%). The most common sand flies in indoors resting places were P. papatasi (81. 6%). Two active peaks of sand flies were observed in late May and late August. Discussion & Our entomological survey showed that P. papatasi was the dominant species in indoors and outdoors. It seems this species can be probable vector for CL in the study area.

Biological characteristics of the parents (height، age، nutrition، history of disease، drugs and substances abuse، blood groups and duration of pregnancy) have fundamental role in the birth of handicapped children. This study aimed to comparison of biological characteristics between parents with more than one exceptional child and parents with more than one normal child in Region of Urban and Rural Kermanshah. in this Ex Post Facto research، 800 parents (400 parents with more than one exceptional children and 400 parents with more than one normal children)، that were selected by random sampling and multi-stage sampling، responded the Checklist that has made by researcher (Afroz، 2008). Data was analyzed using SPSS، t-test، ChI test. The finding indicated that there are significant difference (p< 0/01) between father،s age، mother،s age، mother،s age at marriage، duration of pregnancy،good nutrition، history of disease، drugs and substances abuse، blood groups in two study groups. But there are no significant difference (p< 0/01) between mother،s age at birth child and mother''s height in the two study groups. this study showed that there are difference between Biological characteristics of the parents with more than one exceptional child and Biological characteristics parents with more than one normal child. Therefore، recognition this damage factore can be prevented from occurring handicapps and influence to psychological health and wellbeing of the society.

The increase of stress following the technological improvements appears to be an important factor that causes organs disorders like genital system. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic multiple sequential stress on rat testis 18 Wistar rats were divided randomly into two equal groups. In animals under stress، the mice were exposed to different multiple sequential stress as Forced swimming، Restraint، Water deprivation، Isolation and Food deprivation for 10 days while the animals in control group were kept in their cages without any disorders. After weighing the animals and anesthesing with xylazine-Ketamine، the testis of animals were removed and weighed. After fixation with formaldehyde (10%)، testis samples were prepared for light microscopic study. The number of spermatogonia، spermatocytes I & II، sperm & leydig cells، thickness of the seminiferous tubule determined using Image Tool software in the studied groups. Finally the data were compared statistically. The present study showed that the mean number of spermatogonia، spermatocyte I & II، sperm & leydig cells in stress group have significantly decreased compared to control group (P<0. 001). Moreover، the mean thickness of seminiferous tubule in stress group have significantly decreased compared to control group (P<0. 001) Our study showed that chronic multiple sequential stress can have negative effects by reducing the number of spermatogonia، spermatocyte I & II، sperm، leydig cells & thickness of seminiferous tubule in rat testis but more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Cardiomyopathies are referr-ed to those diseases accompanied with he-arth dysfunction which the most common of them is dilated cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical sympt-om، prognosis، complications، treatment and mortality in patients with cardiomyo-pathy over a 10 years period. In this retrospective descriptive study، all patients had been dis-charged with the final diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and referred to the Rajaee Hospital in Tehran، Iran during the past 10 years were studied. The necessary data of each patient was individually collected. Data analysis was performed using descrip-tive and inferential statistical tests. From 87 patients in the study، 54 (54%) and 40 (46%) patients were female and male، respectively. The most common reason of referring to the Hospital was dys-pnea (70%) and the most common clinical finding was systolic murmur 3. 6 in the left corner of sternum. The blood group of most patients was B+. There were a big heart in the radiography of chest، left ventricular di-latation in echocardiography، reduced left ventricle contractility in catheterization (EF=35%). The most common complicat-ions in the patients were mitral valve reg-urgitation and left heart failure. The embo-lism was reported as a rare complication. In evaluation of the relationship between pres-cribed medications and prognosis، the digi-talis compounds، Lasix and Aldacton (with 2 died patients)، were the most prescribed medications. The three above drugs along with Hydralazine had been led to the death of 1 patient. Discussion & According to the results of the study، it is appeared that the type of blood group may predispose subje-cts to dilated cardiomyopathy. Overcrowde-d environment and air pollution may incre-ase the incidence of the disease the presc-ribed medications may influence the prong-osis and mortality of the diseases.

Stroke is the third cause of death in the world. Ischemic stroke can be observed in the 85 to 90% of strokes. In the condition، cerebral blood flow due to the blockage of blood vessels is interrupted and a very complex process، literally called the cascade of ischemic، begins to occur at the cellular and tissue level، which eventually leads to tissue damage and the expression of ischemic stroke. Approaches in this area are weak and a further knowledge of the molecular mechanisms contributing to more effective diagnosis and treatment. Of the valuable tools for the understanding of molecular processes involved in ischemic stroke is proteomics method that provides us a snapshot of the proteins expressed at the cellular or tissue level، and can give us valuable information for the characteriza-tion of its biological processes.

In this study، the data from human brain proteome changes in ischemic stroke using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were analyzed by DAVID program. The lists of genes with altered protein expression were obtained from the article “the proteome of human brain after ischemic stroke”. Findings were analyzed by the DAVID bio-informatics software. The association betw-een ischemic stroke genes and other dise-ases، stroke clustering of proteins based on biological processes and intra cellular sites and molecular functions of the genes was performed via «GO» database.

Of 39 genes involved in ischemic stroke، totally four biological pathways ch-art were obtained which were associated with central nervous system diseases such as Parkinson، Alzheimer and Huntington. Most of the proteins were located in mitochondria and more significantly invol-ved in the response to oxidative stress، apoptosis and necrosis processes. Discussion &

The data from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics experiments are important for understanding of the processes that occur during ischemic stroke. Proteins identific-ation may be used as treatment targets or as biological markers for diagnostic and prog-nostic purposes in the management of stro-ke.

Nutritional assessment is an important method in public health for mea-suring health status of people in commun-ity. In this study، nutritional status of stude-nts residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science re-garding food groups’ intake were determ-ined. In this descriptive analytical survey، 658 students residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti Univer-sity of Medical Science were selected by clustering sampling method. Data were col-lected using a questionnaire and analyzed by the statistical software، SPSS version 16. Mean age of participants was 21. 82 years for female and 22. 76 years for male. Consumption of cereals (P=0. 03)، meat and its substitutes (P=0. 000)، fruits (P=0. 003)، vegetables (P=0. 000) and other foods (P=0. 000) was significantly more in female students compared to males. Discussion & Results of the research indicated that the students had optimal practice towards nutrition. Thus، more attention is necessary to be paid by authorities to this specific topic and some measures are essential in training students in order to maintain and continue optimal nutritional status.

Chronic diarrhea is accomp-anied with abdominal symptoms and restr-icts the activity of patient. Precise evaluat-ion of the history of patient، physical exam-ination، laboratory and radiological evalu-ation، colonoscopy and biopsy may be help-ful to determine the underlying causes of chronic diarrhea. For the study، 100 patients (50 male and 50 female) with chro-nic diarrhea were studied. These patients had referred to Tabriz Sina hospital، Iran during 2006 to 2011. The patients were examined for the presence of fecal leuko-cytes، parasitic eggs and trophozoites. Stu-dding parameters such as colonoscopic fin-dings and final diagnoses based on intes-tinal mucous biopsy were study. Data were analyzed by using of SPSS software and the statistical tests، frequency and chi-square. Mean age of men was 36. 44 year and men age of women was 38. 56 year. Colonoscopic findings were as 61% infla-mmation، 10% erosion and 29% normal. Biopsy study findings were as 59% nonsp-ecific colitis، 15% ulcerative colitis and 26% amebic colitis. Discussion & Chronic diarrhea may be only one symptom of underlying di-gestive diseases. Therefore، after exclusion of infective and parasitological causes، inv-asive diagnostic method is indicated. The two method are together considered useful diagnostic tool for the management of the chronic disease and prevent the undesired economical and health problems for the patients.

With increasing physical activity and energy expenditure based on various intensities and durations of exercise training in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals، the morbidity and complications of diabetes are decreased and hyperglycemia is desirably controlled. Is there a correlation between estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and concentration of serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in active، sedentary and coronary artery disease (CAD) men? What is the possible range of the correlations? The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine and compare the correlations between VO2max and concentration of HbA1c. The participant subjects comprised of three groups of active، sedentary and CAD men (40-55years) who were randomly and voluntarily selected for the study. VO2 max was estimated based on non-exercise prediction equation. Fasting blood levels of HbA1c were measured by an enzymatic immunoassay method. Correlations between estimated VO2max and HbA1c were determined via Spearman rank correlation coefficients. The statistical tests، T-Fisher and Z-Fisher، were applied for signification and comparison of them at the significant level of p ≤ 0. 05. The amount of analyzed parameters were as follow: VO2max (active: 39. 039 ± 2. 563، sedentary: 32. 647 ± 3. 056 and CAD: 30. 375 ± 4. 275 mL. Kg-1. min-1)، fasting blood HbA1c (active: 4. 266 ± 0. 365، sedentary: 4. 733 ± 1. 370 and CAD: 5. 253 ± 1. 321 mg/dl). The correlation coefficient between VO2max and HbA1c was significant in CAD men (rs(13) = - 0. 538٭، p = 0. 039) but were not significant in active (rs(13) = - 0. 291، p = 0. 292) and sedentary (rs(13) = - 0. 338، p = 0. 217) men. Discussion & According to the above results، it could be concluded that the physical activity has no any desirable effect on HbA1c and HbA1c is resistant to exercise training.

Community based interve-ntions for enhancing the generalization of the benefits of health programs، providing information for policymakers and impro-ving the community health are more appr-opriate than the patient-centered clinical trials. The community-based approaches for preventing injuries are widely accepted but there is a little strong evidence of the effect-tiveness of programs with multiple obje-ctives in the community. Therefore current study aimed to review the community-based interventions for preventing motor vehicle inj-uries.

The research was a review study. Community-based interve-ntions، injury، safe traffic behavior and seat belt were used as keywords in the databa-ses، Scienc-edirect، Pubmed، Ovid، Oxfo-rdjournals، EBS-CO and Cochrane to sear-ch systematic revie-ws. A total of 28 com-munity-based interventi-ons related articles on injuries were reviewed. The results of these articles were analyzed.

The most of the studies were non-randomized controlled clinical trials (78. 57%) and were mainly carried out in the USA (46. 43%). The interventions were mainly as integrated approachs (60. 71%). The primary outcomes of the studies were the use of helmet (35. 72%)، unintentional injuries (14. 28%)، high-risk driving behaviors (10. 72%)، use of child seat (7. 14%)، use of seat belt (10. 72%) and safe traffic behaviors (21. 42%) Discussion &

In general، the integration of several strategies or the community-based interventions alone has a preventive effect on traffic injuries. We recommend a combination of multiple methods to prevent traffic injuries.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic i-nflammatory pulmonary disease with unknown etiology and variable clinical manifestations including، epithelial cell granulomas and alteration in tissue and organ functions.

In this cross-sec-tional study، high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) documents of pati-ents with proven sarcoidosis were re-evaluated. The results were analyzed using the software SPSS-11 and freq-uencies of the disease were reported as percentages and diagrams.

Many typical and atypical manifestations of sarcoidosis such as bronchiectasis، lymphadenopathy، lym-ph node calcification and etc، were obs-erved at HRCT. Discussion &

HRC may pr-ovide more advantages to identify and distinguish sarcoidosis from other mim-icking diseases. However، further inves-tigations are needed to scrutinize the matter.

Many scientific resources bel-onging to invisible web are inaccessible to the researchers. The purpose of this study was to explore the accessibility of the pa-pers of medical bioinformatics published in the web of science (WOS) database using visible web. To classify the medi-cal bioinformatics papers accessed via visi-ble and invisible web into two groups، ab-out 4143 papers were searched in the Web of Science and Google scholar databases. The Microsoft office Excel software was used to analyze the data. All the medical bioinformatics papers of WOS were accessible in the Goo-gle scholar databases. The majority of the papers were published in English. Number of the papers had an increasing trend. Discussion & The WOS data-base possesses a limited number of papers in the realm of medical bioinformatics all of which are accessible on the visible web.

Pedestrians'' traffic accidents are one of the most important causes of death throughout the world. Access to the information or existing status could pave the way for educational interventions to prevent traffic accidents. Theory of the planned behavior shows the relationship between some constructs relating to beha-vioral intention، attitude، perceived beha-vioral control، normative belief and the beh-avior. This research aimed to determine the relationship between constructs of the pla-nned behavior theory and road crossing safe behaviors among the fourth grade students of Tehran city in 2010

In this descriptive-analytic research، 160 students were sele-cted among schools in district 4 of Tehran city through random sampling method. These students answered standard question-nnaire in which their validity and reliability had been evaluated. Finally، the gathered data were analyzed with software SPSS (version16)

Research results showed that there was significant relationship between road crossing safe behavior and constructs of intention (P<0. 001)، perceived behave-ioral control (P<0. 001)، compliance motive (P<0. 001)، consequence evaluation (P=0. 04)، and normative beliefs (P<0. 001) and there was no significant relationship between road crossing safe behavior and construct of behavioral belief. Linear reg-ression test results specified that the beh-avioral intention with B=2. 35 was a suitable predictor of road crossing safe behavior. Discussion &

The results dem-onstrated that the planned behavior theory can be used as a suitable framework for designing of educational interventions to improve of the students'' road crossing beha-viors.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of coping strat-egies against mental disorders among patie-nts with diabetes. For the study، 50 patients with diabetes mellitus (18 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 32 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patient-s) from the mental health center of Firooz-abad city (located in south west of Iran) were selected using convenience sampling. All subjects completed 3 questionnaires: demographic characteristics، Coping Strate-gies، and Symptom Checklist -90 –Revised (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed using Pea-rson correlation، stepwise multiple regressi-on and MANOVA. There was a high rate of mental disorders among the patients and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had higher ave-rage scores in comparison with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. No significant differences were observed between the two groups for the coping strategies question-nnaire. There was a significant relationship between emotion-focused and less useful coping strategies with mental disorders (P<0. 5). Regression analysis revealed a significant role of coping strategies for mental disorders in patients with diabetes (P<0. 5). Discussion & Coping strate-gies had a significant contribution in predi-cting mental disorders in patients with dia-betes.