مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 86، امرداد 1393)

Promotion and improvement of children''s health is a part of the global obje-ctives of primary health care. This study inve-stigated psychometric characteristics of quality of life in elementary students of Kashan city in 2011.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 elementary stud-ents (Grades 3 to 5) who were selected through random sampling. Content validity of the Per-sian version of the PedsQL 4. 0 was checked and tested through the process of translating interview with children 9-12 years (N = 30) and their parents (N = 30) in the primary schools of the Kashan city. Construct validity and reliability of the PedsQL on the sample of elementary children in Kashan (N = 400) and their parents (N = 400) were tested. Criterion-related validity (concurrent) was estimated through investigating the correlation between child self-report of quality of life and parent proxy-report of quality of life along with demographic variables. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS V. 18، and LISREL8. 8 soft-wares.

Totally، content validity of PedsQL was 0. 84 and of the four subscales، physical، emotional، social، and school performances w-ere 0. 80، 0. 86، 0. 83، and 0. 88، respectively. Construct validity was good. (RMSEA = 0. 047، NFI=0. 99، GFI =1. 00، P =0. 15، df = 2، χ2 =3. 77). All inquiries showed a moderate to higher than 0. 40 loading over for four factors، physical، emotional، social، and school perfo-rmances. The correlation coefficient between the PedsQL and its four subscales were ace-ptable (r>0. 7). The PedsQL had a good internal consistency (α =0. 82). Cronbach alpha coefficients range of different categories of the mentioned tool was from 0. 65 to 0. 77. There was a significant relationship between PedsQL of children and parents and، also the demo-graphic characteristics of the population under study. Discusion &

The findings indic-ated the suitability of psychometric properties of the Persian version of PedsQL to measure the quality of life in elementary students. Sch-ool administrators and health system profess-sionals can use this study to design guidelines for creating a healthy environment and devel-opment of the programs of health-based edu-cation in order to improve the quality of life and health of students

Lateral flow assay method is a test for rapid detection of morphine that h-as many applications in identification of ad-dicts. However، detection level of the sys-tem has limited its application. This rese-arch examined how to improve the detec-tion level and sensitivity of this system.

pH of conjugation، OD of conjugated material and concentr-ation of morphine-BSA in the test band w-ere effective on the detection level of this system. To determine optimum pH، a com-mercial kit (Gold in a box) was used. By applying various concentrations of morp-hine solution، and considering a constant concentration of morphine-BSA، the opt-imal OD was set. Then، the optimal conc-entration of morphine-BSA was obtained for a fixed amount of OD. Effect of block-ing the conjugated pad and addition of su-gar to the conjugated substance were also studied.

Optimum values of pH and OD was pH=8. 4 and OD=1. Optimum conce-ntration of morphine-BSA in the test band was obtained to be 0. 5 mg/ml. Cut-off value of optimized kit attained to 25 ng/ml. After comparing the results with a standard kit، sensitivity and specificity of the optimized kits were 100 % and 99%، respectively. Discussion &

Finding and opt-imizing the effective factors on the perf-ormance of diagnostic lateral flow method can be an effective strategy to increase the sensitivity and reduce the detection level of this system

An intelligent child، by defin-ition، makes informed judgements drawing upon his supreme intellectual capability and mental abilities، and enjoys higher psyc-hological health and happiness than do other normal children. The present study compared irrational beliefs and happiness in two groups of normal and intelligent stu-dents to answer the question whether inte-lligence contributed to the level of irrational beliefs and happiness in students.

This comparative study was carried out on intelligent and no-rmal female students in Ardebil high sch-ools in educational year of 2008-9. From the schools، 60 students (30 intelligent and 30 normal) were selected through simple random sampling method. We collected data using Ellis'' Irrational Beliefs Questio-nnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire that are consisted of 66 and 29 items، respectively. The data were analyzed with independent t-test.

The obtained t values for irrati-onal beliefs and happiness was shown to be significant. So that، the mean scores of irrati-onal beliefs in intelligent students were lower than those in normal students. Furth-ermore، their happiness rate was higher. Our findings also indicated a significant differe-nce between intelligent and normal students in terms of irrational beliefs and happiness. Discussion &

Intelligent stud-ents have a more flexibility regarding their internal and external experiences and display higher capabilities in reassessment and mod-ification of irrational beliefs and values.

The Current research tries to question if there is a difference is between household dimension among employed and housekeeping women of Ilam City. To In answer this question، firstly using a theoretical system including wise selection theories and cost and benefit، we tried to theoretically explain the problem and then theoretical claims were empirically analyzed.

Research method is experimental and the statistic population includes all employed women in Medical Science University of Ilam City and The control group includes all housekeeping women of Ilam City during 2013 (1392 Hijri Shamsi) year. In experimental group، systematic random sampling method was used in the control group، multiple-stage clustering method was utilized and based on Cochran formula samples of 500 were determined for each group. Then required information was collected by questionnaire.

Findings of this research show that there is a difference between job precedents variables (gender of their children، employment status of employed women، and their age، education and household dimension) of employed women. But there is not a meaningful difference between employed women and household dimension. Accordingly household dimension has less score among household with less employed woman than households with household women but the type of job has no effect in decreasing or increasing the household dimension. Discussion and

If we consider employed women as a huge part of the society it can be concluded that this important part of the society which grows daily does have a less household dimension with respect to housekeeping group. According to this result، as long as future population policies focus on reduction of country''s population، expanding the employment market for women is necessary; otherwise financial supports for employed women for assuring the childbearing is inevitable. Keywords: household dimension، household، employed women، women education، comparison of household dimension.

Assessment tools and questi-onnaires that are used in research to measure the achievement of research ob-jecttives must be standardized themselves to ensure the results. The aim of this study was to design the validity and reliability of osteoporosis prevention instrument based on health belief model in women.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women، aged 30 to 50 years old، in Fasa city. After revi-ewing the related literature، a suitable instr-ument was designed and its content validity ratio، content validity index، face validity، and exploratory factor analysis were mea-sured. For measuring the reliability of the scales، three methods، including test-retest، internal consistency، and agreement were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.

Reliability of 42 items with imp-act score of 0. 15 and content validity index of 0. 79 were evaluated based on explo-ratory factor analysis and classified into se-ven categories. The overall reliability، me-asured through Cronbach alpha، was 0. 87. Reliabilities of knowledge questionnaire، perceived susceptibility، perceived severity، perceived benefits، perceived barriers، mot-ivation، self-efficacy، and cue to action were 0. 86، 0. 71، 0. 82، 0. 79، 0. 82، 0. 77، 0. 79، and 0. 77، respectively. Discussion &

This study prov-ided good evidence on the strength of factor structure and reliability of Health Belief Model structures for prevention of oste-oporosis women، according to the study of psychometrics process.

Among the cancers of women، breast and cervical cancers have the highest incidence and death rates. However، scre-ening programs are cheap، easy and acc-essible by which the cancers could be inhibited at early stages. This study aimed to investigate motivational factors and causes of nonparticipation to breast and cervical cancer screening among attending health centers in Kashan city.

This study was a cross-sectional one that was conducted on 233 women referring to health centers of Kashan. Sampling was made thro-ugh a two-stage cluster random sampling m-ethod. Data were collected through a questi-onnaire and then the data were analyzed by using SPSS V. 14 software.

Findings showed that 7. 5 % of women under study were doing regular bre-ast self- examination. 21% of them had never done the Pap smear and only 22% of them were doing the Pap smear regularly. The most common motivatinal factors for screening were seriousness of cancer risk، access to the institutions of health for perf-orming examinations and recommendations. The most common reasons of nonpa-rticipation for screening were the lack of knowledge about the existence of such exa-minations، lack of knowledge on related centers to perform this examinations، no history of problem، fear and ashamed of the examinations. Discussion &

Given the moti-vatinal factors and barriers for screening، the necessity of adequate training by health p-ersonnel was confirmed. Given the role of these individuals in promoting community health and their contribution، organizing of training programs in health centers would be very helpful to remove the barriers and strengthen motivators for screening of prevalent cancers among women