مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 92، امرداد 1394)

Considering that local foods in lights of their food value، raw material availability، freshness، free from chemical retentive materials and cheapness are considered as the best foods in different parts of the country. Foods are selected based on a set of motivations، thus، the aim of this study was to Investigating Local Foods Consumption and Motivations affecting local food consumption in Ilam. In a descriptive cross-sectional study 185 subject were chosen using cluster sampling. And by questionnaires were evaluated; that questions about consumption whit reliability of 0. 72، were made by the researcher and questions related to the motivation whit reliability 0. 91، adjusted the questionnaire was Stpetoe et al، and its validity was confirmed by experts. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and logistic regression models with spss software. In this study، 2% of the sample stated that no local food consumption during the month and 57% stated that 2 to 3 times a month consume local food، in general amount consumption is extremely low. The results indicate that Motivations Healthk (p=0. 001، r=0. 238)، Natural content (p=0. 000، r=0. 291)، mood (p=0. 001، r=0. 023)، convenience (p=0. 001، r=0. 239)، Sensory appeal (p=0. 012، r=0. 186)، price (0. 000، r=0. 353)، familiarity (p=0. 050، r=0. 145) and Prestige (p=0. 000،r=0. 327) with consumption of local food has a significant positive relationship. Based on the results of the one variable regression analysis، these motivations have a significant effect on the consumption of local food. Discussion & According to low Consumption of local foods، since people have motivation certain in local foods consumption، raising public awareness through the media advertising about the benefits of eating local food is necessity undeniable.

Studies has shown that diabetes type 1 and partly type 2 may exacerbate osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks resistance training on Bone Mass Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. 20 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Sanandaj diabetes association, (mean age, height, weight and BMI = 51±6 yr, 153.4±5 cm, 68.3±11 kg and 29.3±4 kg/m2, respectively) and then randomly divided in two groups including experimental and control. The experimental group performed resistance training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session with 70% of one repetition maximum. The resistance training program consists of: bench press, leg extension, shoulder press, hamstring curl, standing two-arm curl and lat pull down. During the same period, the control group did not participate in any regular exercise training, but in terms of medication and dosage it was similar to the experimental one. Densitometry was performed to assess bone mass density (BMD) of the femur, distal forearm, and lumbar spine. After 8 weeks, there werent any significant changes in BMD [femoral neck (p=0.72), lumbar spine (p=0.36) and forearm bone (p=0.8)] in groups and bone sites. In addition, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p values for the femoral neck, lumbar spine and forearm were 0.18, 0.23 and 0.67, respectively). Discussion & These data indicate that 8 weeks resistance training did not improve Bone Mass Density in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

The main concern in composting plant is leachate generation that is known to be highly polluted wastewater. Migrations of untreated leachates are potential sources of hazardous contaminants in soil, groundwater and surface water. This study was aimed to investigate the heavy metals removal efficiency from Isfahan composting leachate using the following coagulantsferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, poly ferric sulfate, alum and poly aluminum chloride. This is an experimental study. Leachate samples were collected from the Isfahan composting leachate´s collection ponds. At first, leachate characteristics including COD, BOD, TSS and pH as well as the following heavy metals Zn,Cu,Ni, Cr, Cd were measured according to the standard methods. Jar-test experiments were carried out to examine the effects of changing coagulant's dosage (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 g/l) and pH values (4-12) on heavy metal removal. As a result, the effective dosage, optimum pH and the most convenient coagulant were identified. investigating the average of mentioned heavy metal's concentration, Zn had the highest concentration in leachate (6.2mg/l). The optimum pH for precipitation of the metals using alum, polyaluminiumchloride, ferricchloride, ferrous sulfate and poly ferric sulfate was 6.5,7,10,10 and 11 respectively. Optimum concentration of the mentioned coagulants was obtained 2, 1.5, 1.5, 2 and 2g/l respectively. Poly ferric sulfate with70% to 87% of heavy metals removal and 50% of COD removal had the highest efficiency. Poly aluminiumchloride with 65% to 85%, Ferric chloride with 75% to 80%, ferrous sulfate with70% to 80% and finally alum with 70% to75% were the following priorities at heavy metals removal.Discussion & Poly ferric sulfate is the most effective coagulant to remove heavy metals from the leachate and comparing the results with the Iranian guidelinefor effluent discharge shows that the concentration of heavy metals in leachate did not exceed the maximum allowed values.

Traditionally, the natural ingredients have been used for faster healing of wounds. In this study, the effects of topical application of propolis and aloe vera were studied on the healing of open skin wounds in male rats. 32 male Wistar rats (300 - 350 g) were randomly divided into control and 3 experimental groups. After anesthesia, under sterile conditions round full-thickness wound with a diameter of 2.5 cm were created above the thigh of animals. In experimental groups, treatment of wound was performed with usage of ointment containing approximately 1gram of propolis or aloe vera or both of them, two times per day and continued for 20 days. During this period, the rate of wound healing was assessed by measuring the levels of wound in all groups. Also at the last day, under deep anesthesia, 1 mL of urine samples were taken from the bladder of all animals and its hydroxyproline concentration were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with ANOVA and Dunnett test. Wound healing percentage showed no significant difference between control and experimental groups on 2 to 9 days, but in the 10 to 20 days interval, the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to control(P<0.05). The hydroxyproline content significantly increased in the combined aloe vera and propolis group compared to control (P<0.01).Discussion & The topical use of aloe vera or propolis accelerates healing of full thickness skin wounds and their combination is more effective.

Currently, the use of electromagnetic waves in medicine, especially in diagnostic devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased and many of its biological effects have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of 1.5 T MRI on fertility and reproductive parameters of male mice. Forty NMRI adult male mice were randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. The mice in the experimental group were exposed to MRI at 1.5T for 36 minutes once a week for a period of 3 weeks. Then, in the 1st day and 35th day after the final exposure, 10 mice were used for IVF and 10 mice for In vivo studies. MRI effects on testis weight, the duration of pregnancy, the number of newborns, sperm count, and fertility were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. According to the present study, one day after MRI exposure, testis weight, sperm count, and the number of born children were significantly decreased in the experimental group (P <0.05). Moreover, a significant number of the embryos failed to develop to the blastocyst stage. In contrast, 35 days after exposure, no statistically significant difference was found (P> 0.05). Discussion & Based on the results of the present study, it seems that although the MRI at 1.5T has adverse effects on fertility and reproductive parameters of the adult male mice, these side-effects are reversible.

More than 60% of the office staff in developing countries complain about physical discomfort that many of the discomforts associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among developing countries, according to the type and duration of work with computers, between 15 to 70% has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders in computer users and determination of correlation between the results of CMDQ, RULA and ROSA methods. Participants were 71 office users that were selected using systematic random sampling. The method used in this correlation study was using CMDQ questionnaire and evaluation of those methods. According to the final results of the RULA 46% of participants were in risk level 3 and 4 (ergonomic intervention) and results of the ROSA 21% as low risk, 48% as medium risk and 31% were at high risk. Also there is a significant relationship between the risk level of two method results (p<0.05). Discussion & Two evaluation methods have a high correlation to estimated risk levels of musculoskeletal disorders and they can be used as an alternative method to assessment of ergonomic risk of office environments.

Low dose treatment with aspirin could result in endometrial improvement, decrease of abortion and consequently, an increase in uterine receptivity. Although many studies have been conducted on the effect of low dose of aspirin on the endometrium, there has not been any report on the effect of prescribing low dose of aspirin on the vascular density of endometrium. Thus, it was essential to conduct a study on this subject. 15 female NMRI mice were used in this study. They were divided into three groups: control, sham and experimental groups. At first, in all groups, pseudo-pregnancy was induced and then the sham group received an injection of sterile water. The experimental group received low-dose of aspirin (7/5mg/kg) twice a day. Ovarian hormone levels were measured after 4.5 days of pseudo-pregnancy. Then the animals were sacrificed and the uterine horns were sampled for measurement of vascular density at implantation period. Finally, our results were statistically analyzed. Vascular density in the endometrium between two groups (control-experimental and sham-experimental) showed a statistically significant difference (P≤0/05).Discussion & Low-dose of aspirin seems to lead in changes of vascular density in the endometrium that may be effective on the embryo implantation.

During patients’ hemodialysis Circle, the amount of heavy metals in feed water to dialysis instrument and the patient’s blood are changed. The present study aims at evaluating the trend of lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc concentration in feed water to reverse osmosis, dialysis instrument and blood of hemodialysis patients in 7 hospitals of Kermanshah. A total of 42 samples of feed water, 42 samples of reverse osmosis systems permeate and 42 samples of hemodialysis instrument permeate were collected from 7 hospitals in Kermanshah. The collected samples were analyzed and the concentration of lead, chromium, cadmium and zinc were determined by using ICP (DV-Optima2100 model) according to a standard method. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out by using one-sample t-test to compare mean quality of feed water of dialysis instrument with AAMI and EPH standards. In addition, ANOVA test was used for comparing the results of three sample groups. The obtained results indicated that the mean concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc in feed water of reverse osmosis system (drinking water), were 18.53± 8.25, 0.706± 0.42, 86.06 ± 5.56, 112.67± 63.56pbb, respectively. Also, quantity of these constituents in the feed and permeate of electrolysis device was 18.81±5.32, 0.719±0.53, 84.25±2.46, 43.39±19.4pbb and 12.5±6.32, 1.39±0.87, 66.15±13.54, 60.38±22.39pbb, respectively. Due to obtained results, the removal efficiency of zinc and chromium by reverse osmosis system in dialysis instrument were 61.5 and 2.1%, respectively, while it was not effective in removing lead and cadmium metals. Discussion & Increasing the level of lead and cadmium in permeate water of the reverse osmosis system rather than the feed water indicated that the reverse osmosis membrane function is out of service; as a result, it is required to be washed or replaced. Decreasing both lead and chromium metals in permeate solution of the dialysis instrument revealed the addition of the amount of those two hazardous metals to the blood of hemodialysis patients, which could be related to reverse osmosis membrane deficiency and high concentration of metals in its water permeate.

Studies have shown that pain, nausea and vomiting after abdominoplasty are the most common complications that lead to accumulation of hematoma, delay in discharge and more postoperative drug usage. Researchers use numerous medications, including corticosteroids to reduce these complications to the minimum possible extent. The present study aims at investigating the effects of intravenous Dexamethasone on post abdominoplasty pain, nausea and vomiting. This controlled clinical study was conducted on 44 patients who were candidates for abdominoplasty surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely intervention and control ones. The intervention group received 8 mg intravenous Dexamethasone and the control group received nothing. The patients underwent identical anesthesia and surgery. After every 6 hours, pain and nausea were assessed by pain measurement scale and vomiting was analyzed through a questionnaire for 24 hours. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test and proportion test was used to compare qualitative variables. the average of postoperative pain and nausea immediately after the surgery, after 6, 12, 18, 24 hours were significantly different in the intervention group than in the control one (P=0.03). However, there was no vomiting in both of the groups.Discussion & the results of the study indicated that Dexamethasone can reduce the postoperative pain and nausea after abdominoplasty surgery. However, due to the absence of vomiting in the two groups, there were no clear effects on vomiting.

None-glucose substrates such as ketone bodies and lactate play an important role in sustaining the brain energy need in diabetes and obesity states. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on lactate transports gene expression in the brain of healthy and diabetic rats. Thirty five eight-weeks-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; control (n=7), trained (n=8), diabetic control (n=10), and trained diabetic (n=10). Diabetes was induced by the intraperitonealinjection of streptozotocin, and 8weeks ofendurance training was applied on trained groups. Relative gene expression of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 expression in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellumwere measured by Real-time PCR,and gene expression was quantifiedby 2-∆∆CT method. The differences of variables between groups were tested using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc testwere used to determine wherever significant differences occurred. Diabetes induction increased MCT1 gene expression in the cortex (1.91-fold) and MCT2 in the cortex (1.98 - fold), hippocampus (1.7-fold), and cerebellum (2.52 - fold) in the diabetic control as compared to the control group. There was a significant difference regarding MCT1 gene expression between the diabetic control and the trained diabetic (P<0.05). MCT2 gene expression in the cortex (P<0.05) and cerebellum (P<0.05) were significantly different between the diabetic control and the trained diabetic.Discussion & The results of this study showedthat diabetes and exercise-induced changes in the lactate transporters gene expression were occurred in order to protection of the brain lactate uptake.

The purpose of this research was to Study the Effectiveness of resilience training on reduction of parental stress of Autistic Children's mothers. The method of this study was a semi experimental study with pre-test and post-test in two experimental and control groups. The statistical population comprised Autistic Children's mothers referred to houses of health in No. 5 of Tehran municipality. The research sample consisted of 26 mothers that were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received resilience education for 12 weekly sessions. Data were gathered by using Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Parental Stress Index. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Resilience training on parental stress of Autistic Children's mothers was significantly effective and mothers of the experimental group showed significant reduction (p<0/05) in parental stress. Discussion & According to the results of this research effectiveness of resilience training on decreasing the level of parental stress of Autistic Children's mothers was confirmed. Thus it can be concluded that using of the Resilience education is an effective method that can decrease parental stress of Autistic Children's mothers.

Anthropometric parameters of neonates at birth are using as powerful health indicators for assessment of neonate health status. The controlling for effective socio-demographic and biological factors are helpful in public health.This study analyzes anthropometric parametersof neonates at birth and someeffective demographic factors in urban and rural health care centers of Sistan region, Iran. This cross sectional survey among 1712 neonates was conducted in three cities of Zabol, Zahak and Hirmand in Sistan region, Iran. Inclusion criteria were at term (37-42 weeks gestation) and non-pathological pregnancies. Anthropometric parametersof neonates at birth were measured. Finally the influences of demographic factors were analyzed. By using SPSS version 18 and t-test and Pearson correlation test, data were analyzed. The percentage of low birth weight neonates was 9.3% of all live neonates. Male and urban neonates with low birth weight were significantly less than female and rural neonates. There were significantly higher neonatal birth anthropometric parameters other than weight at birth, in male and urban neonates.Discussion & Our studies have shown that prevalence of neonates with low birth weight in Sistan region was more than other regions of Iran. We can improve neonatal birth anthropometric parameters by developing health, educational, economical and nutritional helping programs.

Uterine pathology is the cause of infertility in 15% of infertile couples. Abnormalities of uterine cavity decrease fertility rate in patients who are undergoing IVF. Treatment of these abnormalities will improve fertility rate in these patients. Diagnostic evaluations of uterine cavity in infertile women are hystrerosalpingography and hysteroscopy. This study compared uterine findings in hysterosalpingography versus hysteroscopic in infertile patients. In this prospective descriptive epidemiological study, hysteroscopy uterine findings of 100 consecutive infertile women who referred to IVF unit of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz city compared with their hysterosalpingographic findings. These patients were candidate for hysteroscopy after hysterosalpingography. Analysis of findings was done by SPSS 16.0 and Windpipe 1.45.The concordance rate between two methods was assessed by kappa statistic. In this study, the results of uterine findings of HSG with hysteroscopy was compared. There was a sensitivity70%, specifity60%, false negative30%, false positive40%, positive predictive value80.3%, and negative predictive value46.2%. The agreement rate of the two methods was determined using kappa statistic which was 65%. (P-value < 0/005) our study showed that hysteroscopy increases 40% diagnostic power than HSG in uterine findings.(LR=1.4)Discussion & Hysteroscopy is better than HSG from the point view of assessing uterine cavity lesions even when HSG was normal, the diagnostic power was increase 40%. Hysteroscopy can be easily performed, and with respect to the fact that HSG has lower sensitivity and higher false negative rate than hysteroscopy, we suggest that hysteroscopy should be the part of assessing infertile couples.

This study was aimed to determine and compare the executive function, emotional intelligence and emotion regulation in schizophrenia and bipolar Disorders and healthy people. This descriptive study in which the events are the society of people with schizophrenia and bipolar Disorder in a sample of 100 people in Hashtgerd (50 schizophrenia patients and 50 bipolar people), with sampling method, were selected and compared with 50 normal subjects.Used questionnaires to assess Gross & John emotion regulation questionnaire, Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire and Tower of London software. The data were analyzed with using MANOVA way and pursuance test LSD. Data analysis revealed a significant difference between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar and normal groups are used in terms of executive function, Emotional intelligence and emotion regulation and pursuance test LSD revealed that executive function component is more in patients with schizophrenia Disorder than patients with bipolar and normal groups. Emotional intelligence and emotion regulation is more normal group than schizophrenia and bipolar group. Discussion & While considering the limitations, discussion and implications of the results are also presented.

The pathological changes associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) produce changes in uniformity of the neural networks of brain white matter that result in more perceptible changes on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Increase in mean diffusivity (MD) and reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) on DTI seen in MS patients may be due to the degradation of membrane or other cell structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological changes made in the brains of MS patients using the DTI technique. This study was performed on 15 patients with multiple sclerosis. To investigate the location of plaques and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) some routine protocols for the brain, including T2-FLAIR and T2, were taken and to normalize the images of DTI, the T1 MPRAGE protocol was applied. After image processing using SPM, FSL, and MedINRIA software, the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of MD (mean=4.3±1.01) and FA (mean=0.24±0.05) values in MS plaques and the mean of MD (mean=2.1±1.1) and FA (mean=0.55±0.56) values in the normal white matter (NWM) tissue of the control group (P=0.00001). Comparing the data obtained from the NAWM tissue with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of patients showed that patients with higher EDSS show higher MD values (P=0.004) and lower FA values than patients with lower EDSS (P=0.001).Discussion & This study showed that factors of MD and FA in DTI technique can provide valuable information as imaging biomarkers about the MS plaques.

Beta-thalassemia is the most common genetic disease in the world. More than 3 million people are carriers of thalassemia in Iran. High frequency of consanguineous marriage could lead to high incidence of the disease in Iran. A large proportion of the health budget is devoted to the treatment of thalassemia. Thalassemia control and prevention program began in 1376. This study wants to evaluate the program in Ilam. In this retrospective study, data of thalassemia carrier couples were extracted from the documents used in the national program for prevention and control of thalassemia in beginning year to 1392 and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. A total of 55,031 couples were screened in premarital counseling centers of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 264 couples were determined to be final suspect with frequency of 0.5%. Twenty three new affected were identified in the cities of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in the period 1376-1392. After genetic counseling, 58 couples were discouraged from marriage.Disscusion & Cancellation rate of the marriage has an increasing trend in the first year of the program to 1383. But, from 1383 and later the trend is decreased. Extent of genetic services in the country, including the possibility of prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion could be a reason for the decreased rate of dissuading from the marriage. Genetic services have not been applied in Ilam yet.

Mechanical alignment of lower limb has effect on knee joint stability of athletes. Researches show high pronation of ankle is effective in happening anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. So the objective of this research is investigating knee flexion angle and Quadriceps to Hamstring Co-activation in athletes with ankle pronation deformity and healthy. In this research 15 athletes with increased pronation of ankle and 15 normal athletes selected purposeful. Electromyographic signals and knee flexion angle recorded with using surface electrode from four muscles (rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, medial hamstring and lateral hamstring)and electro goniometer respective. Statistical analysis method of T- independent was used for investigating between variables. Results showed there is significant different between two groups in knee flexion angle (P=0/034) and quadriceps to hamstring Co-activation (P=0/001). Discussion & Increased pronation of ankle with change in quadriceps to hamstring Co-activation andknee flexion angle can be a risk factor in ACL injury incidence.

The materials from domestic and industrial effluents are discharged directly or indirectly into the aquatic ecosystem and environmental hazards are caused and it's inevitable to remove them. The adsorption method for removing surfactants using absorbent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Leca-modified as absorbent for the removal of SDS from wastewater. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale and uncontinually. To increase the efficiency of the adsorption, the absorbent was washed with HCl. The effect of parameters such as (3-11) pH, amount of adsorbent (0.5-3g/L), surfactant concentration (25-200mg/L) and contact time (15-120min) on Removal of surfactant was investigated. Then, by experiments on synthetic sample, the optimum conditions with real wastewater sample was performed. Surfactant concentration is measured by a spectrophotometer. The maximum adsorption of surfactant by Leca-modified under optimum conditions (contact time of 60 min at pH 3, the amount of 2.5g/L of absorbent and initial concentration of surfactant is 100mg/L) in synthetic solution SDS was obtained in the rate of 77% and in the same conditions it was 65% at the real sample. Removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial concentration of surfactant. Langmuir Isotherm (R2=0.96) and the first synthetic adsorption had the most consistency with the results indicated in this study.Discussion & The results showed that Leca-modified with HCl can be used as a low cost and effective adsorbent for removal anionic surfactants from aqueous solutions.

can clearly be seen that an anatomical and physiological pathways in auditory system from Peripheral parts to auditory cortex in binaural hearing than monaural hearing is not merely doubled, but with addition of a second ear, Communication between two ears from superior olive complex to auditory cortex is largely increased. In addition to the auditory pathway a numerous synapses with other sensory pathways, such as visual and somatic sensory established, that this interactions in comparison to monaural pathway significantly is further. The power and sensitivity of the auditory system increases with these synapses and reduce the error rate of it.Discussion & Increase a synapses between auditory, visual and somatic sensory pathways eventually lead to an increased ability to perception and speech processing in noise and reverberation situation, decrease of error in localization, Increase the loudness, perception and distinguish of weaker sounds, Better quality of sound, Less effort during the hearing and a greater sense of satisfaction. Because of these advantages, binaural prescription of hearing aid and other aided listening devices in hearing impaired patients are in priority.

Early maladaptive schemas, defined as cognitive and behavioral patterns of viewing oneself and theworld that cause considerable distress, are increasingly being recognized as an important underlying correlate of mental health problems. The purpose of this study is an investigation of simple and multiple relationships of early maladaptive schemas, self- concept and behavioral problems of deaf adolescence and adolescence with visual impairment. This study is a correlation study and universe included all deaf and blind students who have been in Yazd city. In this study 16 deaf students and 25 students with visual impairment in with were selected through accessibility sampling. Instruments used in this research included the early maladaptive questioner-40, self- concepts (SCSC) and SCI-4. Results indicate that there was no significant difference between early maladaptive schemas between deaf and blind adolescence. But there were a significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and self- concepts and behavioral problems.Discussion & Considering the important of early maladaptive schemas to control of self-concepts and behavioral problems in deaf and blind adolescence, it seems necessary to considered in counseling of this adolescences.