مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 99، مهر 1395)

Laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy with general anesthesia is very common. According to the risks of general anesthesia and its effects on respiratory indices, epidural anesthesia as a safe substitute is used instead of general anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. This study has been conducted to compare respiratory effects of these two methods of anesthesia on respiratory indices in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.
This study is randomized clinical trial (equivalent study) that has been performed in two groups of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients anesthesized either by general anesthesia method or epidural method. In both groups respiratory indices were measured before, during and after the surgery and then compared and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Findings: PaO2, SpO2 and PaCO2were lower in general anesthesia group than the epidural group (PDiscussions & Intrao-peratively using epidural method for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients causes little change in respiratory indices compare to general anesthesia technique, but after surgery there is no such a difference between two groups and according to patient preference and physician each can be used.

Nowadays, the artificial neural networks have received much attention in predicting the effects of multiple variables and complex relationships in aparticular variables. In this study, we have focused on the use of artificial neural network versus logistic regression to predict post-traumatic mental disorders.
In a prospective cohort study, we covered 100 trauma patients admitted to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan during a six month period. The patients were then randomly divided into two training (n=50) andexperimental(n=50) groups. 14 variablesincluding age, sex, occupation, education level, marital status, socioeconomic status, history ofmental illnessin theimmediate family, history of being hospitalized in neurosurgeryunit, historyof trauma,history ofunderlying disease, history of psychologicaldrug use, history of anesthesia, history of alcohol use, and history of substance abuse were totally investigated. 300artificial neural networksandlogistic regressions were studied in the first group and then the predicted values were compared in the second group using the two models. The ROC curve and classification accuracy tool were applied to estimate the predictive power of mental disorder.
Findings: The results showed that the accurate index for predicting the disorder was90.65% for the neural network model, while it was 75.96% for the logistic regression model.
Discussion & The artificial neural network models appeared to bemore powerful in predictingmental disorder versus the logistic regression model.

Statins and exercise training may have synergic beneficial effects on angiogenesis process following myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance exercise training (EET), atorvastatin and their combination on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cardiac muscle of male rat following experimental myocardial infarction.
45 rats (8-10 weeks old, 230 ±10 g body weight) were randomly divided to five groups: Sham, control, EET, atorvastatin, and EET atorvastatin. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in two consecutive days. Drug and training interventions were initiated 2 days after infarction and continued for 4 weeks. In order to assess the expression of VEGF, immunohistochemical staining was used. Data were analyzed by using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and scheffe test at PFindings: VEGF expression in the atorvastatin group was significantly less than the control group (P=0.006). Also, VEGF expression in the Combined (EET atorvastatin) and EET groups was not significant (P=0.534 and P=0.055 respectively), but its expression was significantly higher in the combined group (EET atorvastatin) compared to the EET group (P=0.002) and atorvastatin group (P=0.001).
Discussion & It seems that combination of EET and atorvastatin compared to EET and or atorvastatin alone has a favorable effect on VEGF expression and as a result, on angiogenesis process following myocardial infarction.

Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of exotoxins that contribute to its ability to cause disease in hosts. Nearly all strains secrete a group of cytotoxins. The pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) are a group of exotoxins secreted by S. aureus strains. The family of PTSAgs presently includes TSST-1 and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins. We aimed to study the profile of some virulence genes including: tsst-1, sec, hla and pvl in methicillin-resistant S. aureus by the PCR technique.
A total Of 200 clinical isolates of S. aureus were isolated from patients and identified by conventional diagnostic tests. The MRSA isolates were detected by antibiotic susceptibility tests and mecA. Then, presence of some toxin genes in MRSA isolates was investigated by the Multiplex PCR technique.
Findings: The results showed that among the 200 isolates of S. aureus, 95 were confirmed as MRSA by screening with the oxacillin disc diffusion method. Also among the 95 MRSA isolates, all isolates were confirmed as methicillin-resistant by molecular methods. A total of 95 MRSA isolates, the frequency of the tsst-1, sec, hla and pvl genes were 60%, 3.15%, 93.68 and 4.21% respectively. Additionally, 3 (3.15%) isolates were positive for tsst-1, hla and pvl genes.
Discussion & S. aureus strains that produce toxins such as TSST-1, PVL, HLA, SEC are a serious threat to human health. The higher frequency of some toxin genes in this study may reflect the emergence of isolates containing these genes in Tehran hospitals.

The dyestuff manufacturing and textile industries consume a high volume of water and produce a great amount of wastewater containing various toxic substances. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using activated carbon prepared from milk vetch wood for removing methylene blue dye from synthetic wastewater.
This research was carried out in laboratory scale with using of 100 ml volume of batch photoreactor and in chemistry laboratory of Ilam university of medical sciences (summer 2013). Activated carbon was prepared using chemical-thermal method. The effect of pH, contact time, dye concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of methylene blue dye as model organic dye was studied and kinetic and isotherm of the adsorption process was investigated. The dye concentrations were measured via spectrophotometer (665 nm wavelength).
Findings: The results showed that activated carbon prepared from milk vetch has high potential to remove dye molecules. The MB absorption capacity rates were 38.66, 40 and 48.5 mg/g respectively at pH of 3, 7 and 11 for the initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L and 0.1 g/0.1L absorbent mass at 30 minute. Also dye absorption rates were 40, 69.66, and 78.04 mg/g on absorbent respectively for 50, 100, and 150 mg/l dye concentration, at pH of 7, 1 g/0.1L absorbent mass, and 30 minutes time. Adsorption data followed Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.99).
Discussion & Based on the obtained results, activated carbon prepared from milk vetch can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for removing dye from aqueous phase.

Traffic accidents are the second cause of death and injury and the first cause of loss of life in Iran. This study was done to recognize the relation between human Attributes and traffic events of the drivers of Ilam.
Maerials & Data on traffic accidents Ilam Province during study (cross-sectional) with census method, in a one-year period (2012) were analyzed. These data were collected depending upon com form 114 and traffic experts in the accident scene. Data were entered in spss software. Statistical analyses were done by T-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression.
Findings: From 3746 traffic accidents were studied, 3317 were men (88.5%) and 107 people were women (2.9%). The average age of the drivers was (33.63±10. 83). The highest age group was between group was 21 to 30 and the minimum age group was between ages 71 to 80 years old. there was a significant statistic relation between driver’s occupation, , driver’s education, and safety belt use, violation of traffic regulation, and deaths from traffic events (P=0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for traffic accidents resulting in death or injury in the non-use of seat belts 4.70 times higher than safety belt use and traffic accidents resulting in death or injury to the adjusted odds ratio of 2.9 times higher than seen driving license was the basis of a license(pDiscusion & training of drivers and requiring them to legality and safety belt use can play important roles in adjusting death and injuries caused traffic accidents.

One of the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) methods is based on using compensators. The most important factor in designing a compensator is the accurate calculation of its thickness to achieve the intensity modulation of interest. To achieve that, the exact attenuation coefficient of compensator materials must be calculated.Using MapCHECK 2 model 1177 and phantom (SP34). We studied the effect of compensator thickness and field size on the calculation of the effective attenuation coefficient (EAC) of the brass compensator for 6-MV photon beams.
Experimental measurements were carried out at 100 cm source-to-surface distance and 5 cm depth for the 6-MV photon beams of an Elekta linac using various field size and compensator thickness. The field sizes investigated ranged from 1×1 cm2 to 20×20 cm2 and the brass compensator thickness from 0.5-6 cm. Our results indicated that the compensator thickness and field size have the most significant effect on the calculation of the compensator EAC for the 6-MV photon beam and also these parameters can reduce the error due to delivered dose to target volume and organs at risk.

Stress oxidative is a major problem for centuries and the origin of various disease from cataracts to cancer. Free radicals are atoms or molecules the have the single electron that re highly reactive and can be irreversible damage to vital molecules in organisms. Antioxidants are capable of biological systems to protect against this elements. zinc oxide nanoparticle have antimicrobial, anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesized by green method and catalase gene expression changes in human liver cancer cells (HepG2) in response to different concentration of nanoparticles.
Antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method was measured using ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical absorbance. The human liver cancer cells (HepG2) cultured in the six well plates and then were treated with different concentrations of nanoparticles. After extraction of RNA and synthesis of cDNA, Real time PCR was carried out and catalase gene expression changes were assessed.
Findings: Antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method was measured by ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (IC50= 1200µg) radical scavenging activity. Also, with the increasing concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method , catalase gene expression compared to control gene GAPDH increased.
Discussion & The results of this study showed that the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method had a strong antioxidant activity.

Testicular tissue is susceptible to environmental risk factors. Structural and functional alterations in spermatogenesis are the most important factors involved in fertility complications. Methylphenidate is amphetamine derivatives. This drug can approve for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tachycardia syndrome, narcolepsy, depression. There is a little data about the effects of methylphenidate on testicular tissue. In this study, time dependent effects of methylphenidate were evaluated on testicular tissue in microscopic and ultrastructural levels.
30 adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups as control, short-term methylphenidate (10 mg/kg/day) treated for two weeks and long-term methylphenidate (10 mg/kg/day) treated for eight weeks. Histomorphological and ultrastructural assessments were prepared on testicular tissue through routine histologic and electron microscopic methods.
Findings: Some alterations such as tubular atrophy and transformation and disarrangement of spermatogenic cells were observed in testicular tissue following time dependent administration of methylphenidate. Deformation of mitochondria, increment of collagen fibers and basement membrane thickness, were the main cellular and structural alterations observed in ultrastructural level.
Discussion & The results of this study indicated that the process of spermatogenesis reduces temporary following short term administration of methylphenidate; however, it seems that repeated administration of methylphenidate progressively leads to some degrees of tissue habitation and resistance.

Febrile convulsion is a common neurological disorder in children. There are various hypotheses about oxidative stress, changes in rare elements and their role in the febrile convulsion pathogenesis. According to the protective role of selenium as an antioxidant in the body's immune system; this study aimed to compare the selenium level in febrile convulsion cases and healthy children.
In this case-control study 36 children with febrile seizure were compared with 36 healthy controls whose were almost matched for age and sex. The serum selenium level was measured with the atomic absorption spectrometer.
Findings: The average levels of selenium in patients and healthy subjects were 89/58±19/28 µg/L and 101/09±17/70 µg/L, respectively. As the statistical analysis showed, average levels of selenium in patients was significantly lower than the healthy group. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between the mean serum selenium level and demographic factors such as family history of seizures, age, sex, and body temperature of the patient.
Discussion & With evaluation of the present study it can be concluded that there is selenium deficiency in children with febrile convulsioncompared to healthy children. Therefore this element may have a remarkable role in febrile convulsion disease.