مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 106، آذر 1396)

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Consists of a constellation of symptoms including irritates the mucous membranes, headache, unusual fatigue, dryness, itching, and nausea that is associated with the presence of a particular building in terms of time. Therefore, this study aimed at the Determination of prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome among Mustafa Khomeini hospital staff in the city of Ilam in 2015.
The present research is a descriptive-analytic study. In this study, from 363 employees in the hospital building, 135 people were randomly chosen and examined. MM040EA questionnaire was used to evaluate clinical symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and indoor air quality. Background information and history of people were interviewed by using a questionnaire. Data collected from questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square tests and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings: In surveys, 40.7 % of people declared SBS symptoms. Prevalence of this syndrome was 4/56 % among women and 6/43 % in men. This difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.876). The prevalence of SBS syndrome was also statistically non-significant with age, experience, and hours of presence in the building. But there was a statistically significant relationship with the presence of chemicals in the workplace (P= 0.012) and SBS symptoms. The most common signs and symptoms were observed with the nervous system by 97.03 % , Mucosal irritation symptoms by 45.18 % , respiratory symptoms by 11.11 % , and signs of skin with 9.42 %.
Discussion & The study showed the symptoms of SBS in relatively high prevalence rates (40.7 % of the population). So the need to control and design the hospital according to international laws seems necessary.

This study aimed at investigating the effect of good governship on public health expenditure in Iran
This research is an analytical study about good governance and health expenditure from 1994 to 2014 in Iran, data was gathered from World Development Indicators (WDI) from World Bank database. This study is an analysis of the Swoop and Raj Kumar model, the technique was ordinary least squares (OLS) and the Eviews software was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results showed a negative relationship between under 5-year children mortality rate and GDP when there is no control over corruption is less than 5 years. By increasing corruption control index by 0.01 under 5-year children mortality rate would decrease by 0.11 percent.

Discussion and The results show that when the level of corruption is low or corruption control index goes up, under 5-year children mortality rate would reduce and the life expectancy increased. The results emphasize that health spending increases are less likely to improve the health status unless considering corruption control index.

Hysterectomy is the most common surgery among non-pregnant women. Prevalence and causes of total abdominal hysterectomy can provide specialists with a new perspective in the treatment of these patients. This study examines the frequency and causes of total abdominal hysterectomies which were performed in Motahari hospital of Marvdasht, Fars, Iran.

This cross - sectional study was done from 2007 to 2011 in the Motahari Hospital, Marvdasht, Iran. Data from 91 patients was recorded through questionnaires. Then data was analyzed by the SPSS software.
Findings: The number of hysterectomies in the 2011 was higher. The most common cause of hysterectomy was abnormal bleeding and uterine disability. The most common pathological finding in patients was leiomyoma.
Discussion &

According to a 10-fold increase in the number of cases of hysterectomy, the use of non-invasive alternative therapies is necessary.

One of the most common genes in Helicobacter pylori is glmM which is usually used for identification of infection with the bacterium within gastric biopsy specimens by PCR, as a target gene. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rate of glmM gene in DNA samples of stool and evaluate its relationship with the fluctuations of serum levels of TNF-α and IL- 1β.
In this study, blood and stool samples were collected from 82 subjects in two groups with positive and negative HPSA test referred to laboratories of Ilam, Iran. PCR was used to investigate the presence of glmM gene in DNA extracted from stool samples, and then serum levels of studied cytokines were measured using specific kits by ELISA, and the results were analyzed using statistical tests.
Findings: Analysis of data obtained from the study showed that the frequency of glmM gene in the sample of cases with positive HPSA was 23.8%, and there was a significant relationship between the presence of this gene in stool and fluctuations in serum levels of TNF-α and IL- 1β (P Disussion & According to data, it can be said that the presence of glmM gene was associated with fluctuations in any of the variables of HPSA, TNF-α and IL- 1β and the possible presence of the gene in the stool raises with increase in each unit of HPSA and IL- 1β, which in turn raises the prognosis of diseases with a virulence form of bacteria by both serology and stool methods.

Doxorubicin is one of the most important chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of solid tumors caused by the production of free radicals and the reduction of antioxidants to cardiac toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of three weeks of aerobic exercise on histological changes in the heart tissue of young and old rats by doxorubicin.
In this study, 48 male rats were divided into two young and old age groups then each age group was also divided into three sub-groups: control, DOX, and exercise DOX. Exercise groups ran on a treadmill for three weeks and five days a week at a speed of 15-17 meters per minute and time of 25-39 minutes. All groups received the solution of doxorubicin (20 mg kg) at 24 hours after the last exercise session. Finally biopsy was done at 48 hours after injection of DOX. Histological results were analyzed by a descriptive and qualitative method.
Findings: The preconditioning of aerobic exercise led to a significant reduction in severe edema and apoptosis induced by doxorubicin, and this reduction in tissue damage was more evident in the elderly.
Discussion & The findings indicate severe damage to the heart muscle in the elderly and the positive effects on doxorubicin induced apoptosis, and the effects of driving to apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. Also, the implementation of aerobic exercise pre-treatment with over a shorter period for elderly patients which were faced with the limitations of physical activity would be more appropriate and would lead to increasing the antioxidant protection role of heart tissue.

Approximately 50% of infertility cases are due to male factor. There is some evidence that aberrant micronutrient metabolism such as choline plays a critical role in male factor infertility. Choline is a crucial factor in the regulation of sperm membrane structure and fluidity, and plays an important role in the maturation and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs12676) changes arginine to leucine amino acid substitution at position of 78 of the protein. This can alter the amount and activity of the CHDH enzyme and thus affect the metabolism of choline, sperm motility, fertilization, and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CHDH gene (rs12676) polyporphism with male infertility.

In this study 50 infertile men and 50 fertile men of Guilan province population were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program (v12.1.4.0).
Findings: There was a significant difference in allele G and T distribution between patients and healthy subjects. The prevalence of genotype frequencies of GG, GT, TT were 28%, 50% and 22% respectively, in patients, while in healthy subjects were 52%, 36% and 12% respectively. In other words there was a significant difference in the genotype distribution of this SNP in patients compared to controls (ΡDiscussion &

It seems that a significant association was found between CHDH (rs12676) polymorphism and male infertility. Larger and different racial and geographical-based studies with more patients and controls are needed to confirm our findings.

In radiation therapy, to calculate the dose absorbed by the patient, parameters such as Percentage Depth Dose (PDD), Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR), and Peak Scatter Factor (PSF) etc. were used. For high energy photon beams, measurement of the TAR is subjected to some difficulties and because of the contamination of photon with electron it is inaccurate. The goal of this study was to find a formula for TAR from PDD and then calculate other dosimetry parameters as PSF and SP.
PDD at different treatment depths for field size 5 × 5 to 40× 40cm 2 was measured, then measuring the TAR for all treatment fields at the reference depth (10cm) and using the Tbl Curve Software, an analytical equation for TAR in 6MV and 18MV photon energies was obtained. Other treatment parameters S C , were calculated from this equation.
Findings: The PSF value was greater than one; this value ranged from 1.03 to 1.18 for 6MV and ranged from 1.01 to 1.10 for 18MV. Both PSF and SP increase with field, but didn’t have a significant and regular change with energy.
Discussion & There is a good consistency between obtained values and reported values. Determine of PDD in megavoltage treatment make calculate of TAR, PSF and SP easy and possible. Using this formula prevents repetition of measurements and also it prevents the force on the accelerator.

In a variety of experimental systems, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ significantly in their contributions to lipotoxicity. It was reported that oleic acid prevented the lipotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of oleic acid on the induced lipotoxicity by palmitic acid in cultured cells of rat heart muscle.
Rat ventricular heart muscle cells were isolated and seeded into 24-well-plates. Cells were treated with one dose of palmitic acid (0.5 mmol/L), oleic acid (0.5 mmol/L), palmitic oleic acid (0.5 mmol/L 0.5 mmol/L) or left as control. Triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), DNA fragmentation and percent of viability were measured at 24, 48 hoursafter adding fatty acids.
Findings: Result showed that when oleic acid co-administrated with palmitic it would decrease DAG (P> 0.05) and DNA fragmentation (PDiscussion & In conclusion, oleic acid would improve the lipotoxicity indices of palmitic acid in primary adult rat cardiomyocytes culture.

Due to the high prevalence of physical inactivity in Iran, especially among women, this study was conducted to assess the effect of educational program based on BASNEF model on physical activity among working women in Hamadan university of Medical Sciences.
This study was an experimental research in 2011 which was performed on 80 working women in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in two groups of intervention and control. Through a questionnaire based on BASNEF model components of this model were measured before and after intervention .The behaviors section was measured by means of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).The instruments were administrated in pre-test and post-test experimental design. Data were analyzed using SPSS16.
Findings: After intervention the mean scores of BASNEF components Included Knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors respectively (experimental group: before intervention: 62.50, 64.8, 46.6 and 77/25, One month after the intervention: 48.56, 81.86, 56.8 and 75.19, two month after the intervention: 94.17, 82.53, 69.2 and 74.85;) were significantly more in experimental group as comparing with control group (pDiscussion & BASNEF model can effectively include health education models to improve and enhance the performance of women employed in regular physical activity is as per international standard.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome, cause disturbance in pain and performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of core stabilization muscles of the trunk with a quadriceps muscle strengthening on pain and functional disability in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Among 43 man patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome, twenty two men were selected and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group 1 (n=11) and experimental group 2 (n=11) respectively. Group 1 participated in strengthing core stability exercises, while group 2 underwent quadriceps strengthening in the same period. Before and after training, pain and performance assessed using a pain scale and a function questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test.
Findings: Both groups showed significant differences between pre and post-intervention conditions regarding the VAS, and WOMAC values (PDisussion & After exercise, groups showed a reduction in pain and improvement in performance. Core stability trainings can increase pelvise stability and prevent frmur adduction and internal rotation. So the results show that exercise was more effective in group 1 than group 2, so it is recommended to exercise therapists in the treatment of patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome in addition to strengthening the quadriceps muscles use the core stability trainings.

Suicide has occurred in all cultures and periods and is a catastrophe for the individual, family, and society. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and monotheistic psychotherapy among suicidal subjects.
The sample consisted of 40 men and women with unsuccessful suicide attempts (since 2015), a list of these individuals was prepared in collaboration with the welfare organization of the city of Abdanan and randomly they were divided into three groups: monotheistic psychotherapy (13 people), behavior Dialectic treatment (13 people), and control group (14 people). Intervention for the first group was based on the monotheistic integrated psychotherapy model and for the second group dialectical behavioral therapy model was used. Participants in the three groups were evaluated before intervention, at the end of intervention, and 3 months after the end of intervention (follow up) by Beck Suicidal Thoughts Scales and Emotional Cognitive Scale. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance.
Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups, dialectic behavioral therapy, and monotonous psychotherapy in the post-interventional and follow-up stages compared to the control group. At the end of the intervention period, unified monotheistic psychotherapy was more effective than dialectical behavioral therapy and control group in suicidal ideation variables, but dialectical behavioral therapy was more effective in treating cognitive emotional regulation than monotonous treatment.
Discussion & The findings of this study support the effectiveness of psychotherapy with cultural capacities and religious teachings.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) as a widely used chemotherapeutic agent causes several side effects including reproductive toxicities. The Objective of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of lactoferrin (LFN) with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against CP-evoked reproductive toxicity in mouse.
In this experimental study, 32 adult female NMRI mice were divided into 4 groups of 8. Cyclophosphamide was administered to two groups of mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally on days 1 and 14. One of these groups received LFN at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg orally four hours after CP treatment. Vehicle-treated control group and LFN-only treated group were also included. In vitro fertilization was evaluated in all animals after 28 days.
Findings: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in significant reduction in fertilization and blastulation rates. Co-administration of LFN with CP restored above-mentioned parameters toward normal values.
Discussion & These findings indicate that LFN can have potential protective effects in CP-induced reprotoxicities.

Previous studies have shown sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, and pre-anesthetic properties of Humulus lupulus L. (HL). In the present study, the effect of anesthesia with a combination of HL with ketamine on anesthetic parameters among male rats was evaluated.
32 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of eight in each and then animals intraperitoneally received Humulus lupulus(HL) (100mg/kg), Ketamine(K) (50 mg/kg), Humulus lupulus with ketamine (HLK) (100mg/kg and 50mg/kg, respectively) and diazepam with ketamine(DK) (2.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Induction time, surgical anesthesia(SA) time, walking time, heart and respiratory rate, temperature, and withdrawal reflexes (lip, tail and pedal pinches) were recorded.
Findings: HL group could not induce SA. However, the induction time, SA, walking time, and even withdrawal reflexes of HLK group were similar to the DK group (p>0.05). K group had late and short anesthesia compared to the other two groups (pDiscussion & Anesthesia of HLK group was similar to DK group and probably components of the HL extract with GABAergic activity responsible for their pre-anesthetic activity. However, further studies are required to clarify the exact mechanisms of action.

Osteoarthritis is the most frequent knee joint disorder among old generation where it causes serious motion limitation. The objective of present study is investigating the effects of a diet containing soybean meal ingestion on relative treatment effect on knee articular cartilage in osteoarthritis induced mice.
Material & Fifty immature female NMRI mice were accidentally divided into five groups. Control group received tap water and normal diet for three months. Sham group, as induced osteoarthritis model, received Ciprofloxacin by stomach Gavage method over two weeks, 20 Mg/kg of their body weight daily. First experimental group were osteoarthritis induced over two weeks and then received null soybean meal diet by three months. The second experimental group, were fed with designed diet based on %15 soybean meal during these three months. The third experimental group was ingested with the designed diet after osteoarthritis induction. After the experimental period, values of cartilage thickness at the middle part of tibial plateau, concentration of the extracellular matrix, and concentration of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum were determined among the groups.
Findings: Comparison between the groups showed that among the groups which were fed with the diet based on %15 soybean meal either with or without osteoarthritis induction, not only the cartilage thickness at the middle part of tibial plateau but also the concentration of the glycoproteins in extracellular matrix was significantly higher than those of the groups which received the normal diet (pDiscussion & Regarding the positive effects of the designed diet based on soybean meal on cartilage, addition of soybean meal in regimen in order to decrease the incidence of articular disorders can be recommended.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability among adults. As a progressive degenerative joint disorder, OA is characterized by cartilage damage, changes in the subchondral bone and inflammation of the synovium tissue and tendon. Non-pharmacologic agents modulating pro-inflammatory mediator expression offer considerable promise as safe and effective treatments for OA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Carnosic acid (CA) on TNF-α gene expression in synoviocytes.
Material & To determine the dose response of CA, synoviocytes (5 × 105 cells/well) were incubated at 5% CO2, 37ºC for 72 h with (1) control media alone or (2) CA at concentrations of 0.01, 0.09, 0.1, 0.9, 1, 9,10and 90 mg/ml. Synoviocytes were treated with LPS (20 ng/ml) for 1h and TNF-α mRNA were measured by both reverse-transcriptase PCR and Real-time PCR.
Findings: CA reduced TNF-a, expression in LPS-activated synoviocytes to levels similar to nonactivated control levels. Cells activated with 20 ng/ml LPS showed a significant upregulation of TNF-α expression. In activated synoviocytes cells pretreated with CA, TNF-α was reduced by 48/11% when compared to activated control cells.
Discussion & This study demonstrates that CA acts as a potent inhibitor of TNF-α. Previous research has shown that these mediators are important in the pathogenesis of OA and reduction in these mediators has been associated with amelioration of cartilage breakdown.

Having high antioxidant capacity and an important role in the health, the flavonoids and phenolic compounds increase antioxidant defense against antioxidative stress. White tea is among herbs attracting attention recently due to high antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed at surveying the effect of white tea on oxidative stress resulted of Arsenic.
In the present study 32 male rats were used in four groups of eight animals. The first group composed of healthy animals (control group) which received distilled water along with standard dietary via gavage, the second one was treated with Arsenic (50 ppm in drinking water), the third group was treated with white tea extract (1.5%) via gavage and the fourth one received aqueous white tea extract (1.5%) plus Arsenic (50 ppm in drinking water) via gavage. Upon the end of the treatment period (28 days) the rats were anesthetized using ether and then autopsy was conducted to measure the levels of Catalase Antioxidant Enzymes (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of liver.
Findings: The aqueous extract of white tea caused a meaningful increase of CAT , GPx, and SOD activities as well as a meaningful decrease of MDA . It also increased the TAC (PDiscussion & The results demonstrated that administration of white tea causes to increase the antioxidant enzymes activity as well as to strengthen the antioxidant defense and to decrease the stress oxidative resulted of Arsenic, besides. In the present the administration of Sodium Arsenite caused decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and increased MDA.

The use of antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants can solve common problems in the use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the Mentha longifolia essence on bacteria isolated from hospital infections.
In this experimental study the Mentha longifolia essence was extracted using Clevenger device and its antimicrobial activity agar disk diffusion method for determination of bacterial sensitivity and dilution method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was used separately.
Findings: The results of bacterial sensitivity test in the case of the standard antibiotics of tetracycline, amikacine, and also disks impregnated with Mentha longifolia essence showed that the diameter of the zone of inhibition caused by the compound being tested on four strains of isolates was far larger and this difference about Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates was significant (pDiscussion & The results suggest that Mentha longifolia essence can be used as a source of cheap and accessible replacing chemical drugs to treat some bacterial infections.

providing health care is one of the basic needs of every community for which major part of the Government's financial resources is allocated. Inadequate resources allocated to treatment part have created a significant gap between the available resources and needed resources. This issue has made it a necessity to create resources through the use of proprietary revenues. In this context, the present study sought to identify factors affecting the uptake of dedicated revenues in Ilam University of medical sciences.
the present research in terms of its objectives is functional in nature, and in terms of the method is descriptive and analytical. Research population is all the hospitals under the supervision of Medical University of Ilam and also its headquarters in 2014. For the sampling, relative stratified sampling methods and for data collection a researcher-made questionnaire is used. To evaluate the reliability, the coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha was used which was 0.93. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19.
Findings: the results suggest that the use of HIS as an advanced software, specialist staff, and detailed and accurate recording of therapeutic measures conducted in the hospital bills on the receipt of dedicated revenues has a significant impact on revenues while improving the processes and procedures for collection of receivables and remove the manual system of the receipt income (the Fund) not has not a significant impact on revenues.
Discussion & according to the findings of this research, Ilam University of medical sciences can increase its revenues by using HIS as advanced software and also by specialist staff for the detailed and accurate recording of therapeutic measures conducted in the hospital bills.

Attachment Styles as mechanisms to regulate emotions can determine anger patterns in childhood and adolescence because adult attachment patterns also remain. Lack of Anger self-control not only would lead to interpersonal problems but also can cause a variety of physical and psychological problems.
The present research has been done to study the mediator role of self-control in relation with Attachment Styles and anger. The research is a kind of correlative studies which is considered as structural equations. The statistical population of the research consisted of all secondary school students in the city of Ilam. 235 girl students were selected as the sample with cluster sampling. The research instruments include adult styles of interest (RAAS), Tangeny self-control (2004), and Anger Scale (STAXI-2). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed model.
Findings: The results demonstrate that there is a significant relationship among Attachment Styles of self-control and anger PDiscussion & Conclusively, having an eye on the results of the research and clarifying the relationships and the role of the Attachment Styles and self-control to predict student anger, it is suggested that special training programs be available to professionals in the field of education and the family

The mother's stress during pregnancy can be a potential factor in the development of some neurological diseases in offspring. Biochemical pathway in response to stress is the secretion of corticotrophin releasing factor CRF from the paraventricular nucleus, which stimulates the secretion of ACTH and ultimately increases plasma glucocorticoids content.
Increasing of CBL in rat offsprings is indicative of the induction of prenatal stress and can prone next generation to diseases such as epilepsy and learning disorders. In this study we tried to understand the effects of two types of stress (restraint and predatory) on CBL and brains NMDA receptors in rats.
96 female rats (Wistar) were selected and after mating, pregnant rats were exposed to two kinds of prenatal stress (restraint and predator stress) during the last week of gestation. After parturition, CBL and NMDA receptors in the brains of newborns were studied.
Findings: CBL especially in the male pups were higher. In second day after birth, male pups in stress groups had more NMDA receptors than control group. All pups in restraint stress group had more NMDA receptors than control group in sixth day after birth. In 15th day after birth all pups in Predator stress group express had more NMDA receptors than restraint group which in turn had more of these receptors than control group.
Discussion & stress is an effective impact on the next generation which is capable to lead to neurological diseases in the future